高中階段能接不定式的常見動(dòng)詞： 不定式作賓語的常見動(dòng)詞有：want（想要）, like（喜歡）, wish（希望）, hate（憎恨，討厭）, prefer（寧愿）, hope（希望）, fail（失敗）, plan（計(jì)劃）, refuse（拒絕）, ask（要求）,continue（繼續(xù)），manage（設(shè)法）, try（盡力）, offer（提供）, start（開始）, begin（開始）, forget（忘記）, remember（記得）, promise（答應(yīng)）, mean（打算）, pretend（假裝）, intend（想，打算）, attempt（嘗試，企圖）, decide（決定）, learn（學(xué)會(huì)）, desire（渴望，請(qǐng)求）, agree（同意）, care（關(guān)心，喜歡）, choose（選擇）, determine（下決心）, expect（期望）, afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起，買得起）等。能接不定式做補(bǔ)語的常見的動(dòng)詞有：感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel等；使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have 等；還有一般的動(dòng)詞如advise（建議）, allow（允許）, ask, beg（乞求）, command（命令，指揮）, tell（告訴）, invite（邀請(qǐng)）, force（強(qiáng)迫）, oblige（強(qiáng)迫）, get（致使）, help（幫助）, wish, want, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage（鼓勵(lì)）, persuade（說服）, permit（允許，許可）, remind（使想起，提醒）, request（請(qǐng)求，要求）, order（命令）, warn（警告，提醒）, cause（引起）等。5. 高中階段常見的不定式短語： 高中階段常見的一些不定式短語可以作謂語，如：be able to do（能，會(huì)）, be about to do（即將做……）, used to do（過去常常……）, be glad to do（樂意做……）, would like to do（想要做……）,be likely to do（很可能做……）, go all out to do something全力以赴,be supposed to do應(yīng)該等。高中階段還有一些不定式短語可以作狀語修飾整個(gè)句子，也可以稱它們?yōu)椴迦胝Z。如：to tell you the truth（說老實(shí)話），to be frank（坦率地說）, to begin with（首先）, to be brief（簡言之）, to make a long story short（長話短說）, to be exact（精確地說）, to say nothing of（姑且不說），to conclude（總而言之）, to be sure（誠然、固然）， to do him justice（說句對(duì)他公道的話）,so to speak（可以這么說、打個(gè)譬喻說）等 。 一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 eg:Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形 式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 eg:My family are having lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。 3. 就近一致：指謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。例如： eg:Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 二、 主謂一致?？碱}型 1. 單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 eg:The desk is Tom’s. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場(chǎng)上踢足球。 2. many a+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義雖為“許多”，但謂語要用單數(shù)形式。 eg:Many a student has been to Shanghai. 許多學(xué)生到過上海。 3. more than one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 eg:More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 4. 表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 eg:Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。 Twenty pounds isn’t so heavy. 2 0磅并不太重。 Ten miles isn’t a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 5. 主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg:Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 eg:One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。 7. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 eg:To see is to believe 眼見為實(shí)。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)?！?br> eg:A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 9. 當(dāng)主語部分(主語是單數(shù)時(shí))含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides， except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。 eg:Mike with his father has been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting. 10. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。 eg:The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 11. people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 eg:People here are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 His family isn’t large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。 12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， Eg:Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg:Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 Neither answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。 14. 以—s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等， eg:No news is good news. 沒有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。 15. 由both…and…連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；由or, either…or…， neither…nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式。 eg:Either my wife or I am going. Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer. Not only you but also he is ready to leave. 如果either, each, neither作主語，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。 eg:Each of us has his likes and dislikes. Neither of the books is very interesting. 16. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 eg:A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 eg:On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods. The number of the students is over 800 17．以here，there開頭的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語一致。 eg:There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式. eg:The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三．肯定與否定一致 下列形容詞、副詞、代詞從肯定句變成否定句時(shí)須作相應(yīng)的變化。 1、We've had some(money).→ We haven't had any(money). 2、I was talking to someone.→ I wasn't talking to anyone. 3、They sometimes visit us.→ They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. 4、He has arrived already. → He hasn't arrived yet. 5、Li is coming too.→ Li isn't coming either. 6、Both of us are going.→ Neither of us are going. 7、He likes both of them.→ He doesn't like either of them. 注意：so/neither+助動(dòng)詞+名詞/代詞結(jié)構(gòu)中須用倒裝語序。 eg:My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesn't like jazz and neither do I.
主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題 1. Either Jane or Steven _____ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _______enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isn't B. is C. aren't D. are 3. —How many lessons do you usually haver a day? —Six lessons a day. And each of them _____45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Li Ping nor I _______a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There ______ many new words in lesson one,It is very easy. A. is B. aren't C. isn't D. are 6. The number of the students in our school ____1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _______ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _____ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping 9. Everyone except Tom and John _____there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, ____of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _____ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. —What’s on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? —There _____some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses ______mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy ______ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invited 15. —Two months ______quite a long time. —Yes, I’m afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _______. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _____all very kind and friendly, His family ______a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer and the dancer _____come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _____new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _____ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bob's wife won't agree to go on holiday in winter, . A.neither he will B. neither won't he C. neither will he D. he won't neither 22. I haven't finished my homework yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasn't either 23. —I'm going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow. — . A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go 24. You as well as he to blame(責(zé)備) for the accident（交通事故）. A. are B. is C. have D. has 25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs. A. has been B. is C. are D. am
主謂一致練習(xí)題參考答案 (1) B (2) A (3) B (4) A (5) B (6) A (7) B (8) C (9) D (10) A (11) B (12) B (13) C (14) D (15) A (16) B (17) A (18) B (19) A (20) D (21) C (22) D (23) B (24) A (25) D
