英語 （ 一 ）（ 二 ） 試卷結(jié)構(gòu)
單選 10 分 語法 \ 詞匯
完型填空 10 分 語法 \ 詞匯 ，
閱讀 3 篇 30 分
單詞 20 個 10 分
語法填空 10 分
中譯英 5 句 15 分
英譯中 一段 15 分
英語 （ 一 ）（ 二 ） 在語法要求上沒有太大的區(qū)別 . 英語 （ 二 ） 主要是詞匯和閱讀理解能力的加深
英語 （ 一 ） 試卷結(jié)構(gòu) 2003 年 4 月份
單選完型 語法 12 分 詞匯 8 分
語法填空 語法 10 分
翻譯 語法 約 20 分 詞匯 約 10 分
-------------------------------------------------------
語法 42 分 詞匯 18 分
閱讀 30 分 有一些題相對簡單
單詞 10 分
考試重點語法
虛擬語態(tài)、倒裝句、主謂一致、介詞、連詞
時態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞 （ 不定式、動名詞、分詞 ）
并列句、復(fù)合句 （ 主從 ， 賓從 ， 表從 ， 定從 ， 狀從 ， 同位從 ）
1.簡單句和并列句
主謂 ， 主謂狀 I study hard.
情態(tài)動詞 + 實意動詞構(gòu)成謂語 . I shall go.
主謂賓 ， 主謂介賓 I study English.
I look at the blackboard.
主系表 I am a student. The leaves turn red.
主謂雙賓 I give him a present.
主謂賓賓補 I let you do it.
I ask you to do it.
定 狀 語 A red book.
Work hard.
并 列 句 I worked and studied（x）
I worked and he studied.
2. 主從復(fù)合句
?。?） 賓語從句
I study English. I think （that）… I think that she is a good student.
I made it clear that he objected to the plan.
I asked whether/if he was a good student.
I don't know whether it is raining.
I asked what he had studied. He gave me what I need.
You are wrong in that you took effect for cause.
2） 主語從句
That the sun moves around the earth is the truth.（ it is the truth that……）
Whether it is raining is not known.
It is not known——computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.
A.whether B. if C. that D. how
It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.
Who will come to the meeting remains unknown.
翻譯題 ： In a sense， what he said amounts to threat.
（3） 表語從句
Your greatest fault is that you are careless.
The problem is what we should do to help him.
（4） 形容詞補語從句
We feel proud that our team has won every match this year.
He wasn't sure whether he should stay or leave.
Are you certain who he is
?。?） 同位語從句
?。╢act， news， idea， opinion， concern， hope， theory， decision， discovery， conclusion， report，
order， question， problem， belief， truth， answer， statement， promise， possibility.）
The news that he intended to come gave us much pleasure.
（6） 狀語從句
時間狀語從句
When I studied， the bell rang.
She was going upstairs when suddenly the light went out.
He had no sooner died than / he had hardly died when the family arguments began.
地點狀語從句
He live where he liked.
原因狀語從句
He was late because he missed the bus.
Now that you mention it， I do remember.
I'm in a slightly awkward position， in that my secretary is on holiday at that moment.
目的狀語從句
We have so arranged matters that one of us is always on duty.
Bring it closer so that I may see it better.
結(jié)果狀語從句
He brought a big house so（ that） he had more space to paint in.
He made such a good speech that he won warm applause.
翻譯題 ：The brothers looks so alike that it is difficult to tell them each other
條件狀語從句
If I make a promise， I keep it.
I'll lend you the money ， as/so long as you take my advice.
These messages will become rubbish unless some measures have been taken.
讓步狀語從句
Although/ though he was Spanish， he spent most of his life in Germany.
Whatever/ No matter what happens， you must be calm and quiet.
However/no matter how loudly you shout， you won't be heard.
方式狀語從句
I have changed the plan as you suggested.
As if （ as though）
比較狀語從句 （ 重點 ）
She is as tall as Tom（ is） I arrived as early as you （did）
Mary was older/more careful than Tom（ was）
Mary works harder /more carefully than Tom（ does）
Bill speaks French ——（ badly） than he writes it.
The –（ far）away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes. further 進
（8） 定語從句 在從句中成份 + 連詞
She is a beautiful girl. I like the girl who is beautiful.（ who 主語 ）
This is the film that I see.
This is the boy who （whom）（——） you met yesterday. （ 主語 ）
Tell me something about the man for whom I shall be working / （whom） I shall be working for.
I read the book whose cover is red.
You are still the same person as I knew ten years ago.
I never heard such stories as he told.
This is the day when （ on which ） I joined the league.
This is the house where（ in which ） I live./ This is the house I live in.
非限定性定語從句 ：
He met Mary， who invited him to dinner.
I gave the book to Tom， whom/ who I found after the meeting.
Her doctor， whose office was newly decorated， started to charge higher fee.
His latest play， which was well reviewed by the critics， has been a great success.
I called him by the wrong name， for which mistake I apologized.
Prof. Emery， about whom everyone is taking these days.
There are only four areas ____ very many diamonds have been found. 華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客 F4`8k）h C4M&M p A.where B.when C.that D.which
Where 用在定語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)別
I'll go to the place （ where I live）
I'll go wherever work conditions are difficult.
定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別
The news （that our team had won）was known to all.
This is the film that （I see）。
考題 ： Such people – you describe are rare nowadays.
a. as b. that c. who d.which
Anyone ——（ want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT . [who want]
Who wants Many of us visited the industrial exhibition，——，to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech products.
a. where b. which c. as d. that
3. 并列復(fù)合句
He said that he would give up smoking， but nobody believe it.
I never saw a busier person than she seemed to be； yet it was difficult to say what he she did.
動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
一般 進行 完成 完成進行
過去 I did I was doing I had done I had been doing
現(xiàn)在 I do I am doing I have done I have been doing
將來 I shall do I shall be doing I shall have done I shall have been doing（/）
過去將來 I should do I should be doing（/） I should ha ve done（/） I should have been doing（/）
重點語法——動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
時態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
I thought the experiment was going on now.
She said this apparatus would be available next week.
Am/is/are/+ done. This room is cleaned every day.
Was/were +done This room was cleaned yesterday.
Will be+ done This room will be cleaned.
Am/is/are being done This room is being cleaned at the moment.
Was/were being done This room was being cleaned when I arrived.
Have/has been done My car has been repaired.
Had been done The room looks much better. It had been cleaned.
No sooner had I arrived at the theatre than the film began .
Hardly……… when
Some people think that the relations between people have deteriorated -（ deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.
Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened （happen） to her.
非謂語動詞
動詞不定式
做主語 To see is to believe.
What to do next has not been decide
It is not easy to remember all these words.
表語 To know everything is to know nothing.
定語 This is a book to be written .
賓語 I want to study .
He found it impossible to keep silent any longer.
賓補 They warned me not to be late.
I let you do it
?。╩ake， have， see， watch， notice， look at， observe， smell， listen to， hear，perceive）
狀語 Yesterday he came to see me.
獨立成份 To be frank ， she is not my girlfriend.
形容詞補語 I am glad to hear the news.
不定式的邏輯主語 For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable.
不定式的 時態(tài)和語態(tài) to do（be） ， to be+p.p.
to have done， to have been done
動名詞
主 ， 表語 Seeing is believing
Tom's going there won't do any harm.
My hobby is collecting stamps.
定語 This is a swimming poor. （ a poor for swimming）
This is a hiding place （ a place for hiding ）
賓語 I enjoy studying （mind， keep， appreciate， can't help， consider， postpone，suggest，admit etc.）
Do you mind my smoking here
介詞 + 賓語
I used to doing. （confess to， look forward to， object to doing sth.）
be involve in， consist of， be fond of， etc.
動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)基本形同分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
分詞
狀語 When I saw the film， I felt sad = Seeing the film， I felt sad.
Because it is Sunday today， we have no school.
It being Sunday， we have no school.
When the job was finished， we went home straight away.
The job finished， we went home straight away.
定語 The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.
The used car. A broken cup the question involved.
表語 The film is exciting. All the windows are broken.
賓補 I found them watering flowers.（ I found that they were watering flowers.
I found the flowers watered. （ I found the flowers watered）
分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài) .（ 形同動名詞 ）
doing （being） being done
having done having been done
______nothing to say， the boy shield way form the crowd.
A. Having B. Have C Had. D. Having being
What developed was a music readily taking （ take） on various forms.
Not having got （not get） enough hands， she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.
非謂語動詞答題要點
1. Anyone wanting （want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.
2 . A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted （convict）of murder.
3. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used （ use） in experiments may decrease.
Not have got （not， get）enough hands she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task .
It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control （ control） his direction.
As I'll be away for a year ， I'd appreciate hearing （hear）from you now and then .
Object to ， confess to ， look forward to + doing.
介詞 + doing.
If I had remembered —— the window， the thief would not have got in.
a. to close b. closing c. to have close d. having closed.
Begin， start， intend， continue to do， doing 的區(qū)別不大
The baby began crying. The baby began to cry.
Try to do. 努力去做 Try doing 嘗試去做 .
I was very tired. I tired to keep my eyes open， but I couldn't.
I can't find anywhere to live.
______， they began to get down to business. A. The holidays being over B. The holidays are over C. The holidays were over D. The holidays had been over
V+ing 及從句 的固定用法
It's no use doing sth.
It's no use worrying about it. There's nothing you can do.
It's （not） worth doing sth.
Have difficulty doing sth.
Spend time （in） doing sth.
There is no doubt that.
強調(diào)句
強調(diào)主語 It is I that/who am to blame
2. 強調(diào)直接賓語 It was a glass that Mary broke.
3. 強調(diào)間接賓語 It was him that I gave the pen to.
4. 強調(diào)介詞賓語 It is this room that I am living in.
5. 強調(diào)狀語 1） 時間狀語 It was last year that Tom graduated from high school.
2） 地點狀語 It was under the bridge that we found him.
3） 原因狀語 It was for his arrogance that I dislike him.
4） 目的狀語 It was for pleasure that I read it.
不僅可以是陳述句 ， 還可以是疑問句和感嘆句 .
Was it you that/who lost a watch yesterday What great progress it was that you made.
強調(diào)句可以是一個從句 ， 被強調(diào)的部分也可以是從句 .
I was told that it was because he hadn't received the invitation that he didn't come
It was there， the police believe，——she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.
A. that B.until C. which D. when
虛擬語氣
第一類型 ：
見詞就填 ：
A. （should ） do
（should） be
B. （should） be + 過去分詞
第一類型虛擬語氣 A
動詞 名詞 形容詞
建議 advise advice advisable
propose proposal
suggest Suggestion suggested
堅持 insist insistence insistent
要求 require Requirement
desire desire desired
demand Demand
request request Requested
建議 recommend Recommendation
命令 order order Ordered
決定 decide decision Decided
命令 command command
寧愿 prefer preference Preferable
決定 determine determination
命令 Instruct Instruction
安排 arrange Arrangement Arranged
重要 Importance important
第一類型虛擬語氣 B
見某些形容詞要虛擬
Urgent， necessary， important， possible， essential， incredible， natural， ridiculous， vital， imperative， crucial， critical， proper， compulsory， etc.
形容詞帶的從句 ： It is important that every member （should） inform himself of these rules.
主語從句 ： It is decided that the meeting （should） be postponed.
賓語從句 ： He insisted that his daughter （should） come.
表語從句 ： The doctor's advice is that the patient （should） be kept quiet.
同位語從句 ： He gave order that the guests （should） be hospitably entertained.
考題 ： They demanded that the right to vote——（give） to every adult person. [（should） be given]
For a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one， it requires that the child ____ psychologically ready for the new idea. 華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客 j/JE ~ r6q X
A.is B.be C.were D.would be
第二類型 ： if 的非真實條件句 （ 可能性小或沒有可能 ）
注意 ： if 可以引導(dǎo)真實條件句 ， 多是條件狀語從句 .
第二類型虛擬語氣 （ 時態(tài)到推的概念 ）
If + 從句 主句
與現(xiàn)在事實相反 If+ 主語 .+ were華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客.a J.G `6f0| ]
+ V.ed 主語 + should + V.華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客 f,t"_8wY7e
+would + V.華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客 D F Z;R9~+H k @
+could + V.
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與過去事實相反 If+ 主語 .+ had+ done
K）A6O9u/x Z0 + been 主語 + should + have+ p.p.
q C H%k*\ e B0 +would + have+p.p.華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客/b?h \ B ` M
+could + have+ p.p.華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客g5X3P o F:I8|#C &H
+ might+ have+ p.p.
與將來事實相反 If+ 主語 .
U }（F D lD E ^0 + were to do/be華夏大地教育網(wǎng)博客 ] s,k F3Q N0k
+should do/be 主語 + should + V.
N K2t w ~ V4A vO0 +would + V.
|-k P S%f0 +could + V.
1f pm V K9c1?0 +might+ V.
第二類型虛擬語氣舉例省略 if 的倒裝
5~/F！V d E%t k }.n0were， had ， should.
If the doctor had been available， the child would have been saved.
Had the doctor been available， the child would have been saved.
考題 ：
_____for your help， I would not have overcome the psychological pressures and tensions.
A. Had it not been B. not been C. Without being D. not having been
特殊虛擬
Even if 形式上與 if 相同
Wish 形式上大體與 if 從句相同
從句謂語與 Wish 同時 Wish+ 主語 +V.ed/were
I wish I were as young as you.
從句謂語發(fā)生 Wish 之前 多用 Wish+ 主語 +had done（been）
I wish that he had not made so much trouble.
從句謂語發(fā)生 Wish 之后 用 Wish+ 主語 +would（could） + v.
I wish you would stay with me far a while
I wish I could fly.
It is （about. High……） time that + 從句 （V.ed）
It is high time that we began to work.
In case， lest， for fear that （should）+ V.
The mad man was out in the padded cell lest he ——himself.
A. injure B. had injured c. injured d. would injure.
Would rather =had rather， would just as soon， would sooner， would prefer 多加過去式表示尚未發(fā)生的動作 .
倒裝句
全部倒裝 In came Jack. Now comes your turn.
Among them were two girls.
部分倒裝
Hardly/scarcely/barely had we got on the bus when it began to rain.
No sooner had he put down the receiver than the telephone rang again.
Not until many years later did the whole truth become known.
Not only did he win the championship in the race， but he also broke the world record.
Neither my sister nor I have traveled by air.
Never， nowhere， no longer， little， feww， not…（ not a single word） no. （at no time， by no means， in no way， on no account， under/in no circumstances）
Only here can you buy fresh eggs.
主謂一致要點
To become actresses is their ambition.
Nodding often means you say“ yes.”
What I did was to give her a book.
Neither she nor I am wet.
Many a student doesn't like having to do their homework.
連詞
連接代詞 who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， which ever
連接副詞 when， how， why， where， whenever， wherever
并列連詞 and， but， or， so ， therefore， yet， however， nevertheless， for， hence， as well as， both……and， not only……but also， either……or， neither……nor，
從屬連詞 after， when， before， as， while， since， until， till， although， though， if ， even if， unless， lest， because， than， that， whether， so that， as soon as， as long as， in order that， as if， as though， in case， now that， so……that， such……that， as .as.
When we play a game， we enjoy what we are doing， —— we should not play it.
A. otherwise B. instead C. nevertheless D. either
不定代詞
Any，one， none， nothing， neither， either， both， all， anyone， any one， some， any， much， many
Are you sure there are not—— sharks here A.any B. some C. many D. much.
Used to ， be used to doing
Frank lives alone，。 He doesn't mind this because has lived alone for 15years. So he is used to it. He is used to living alone.
These days I usually stay in bed until late. But when I had a job， I used to get up early.
詞匯題常考動詞搭配
Come， carry， take， go，get，cut， make， put ，turn， bring.
完型填空題型分析
考察重點主謂一致 ， 動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài) ， 名詞的數(shù) ， 代詞 ， 形容詞副詞的比較級 ， 介詞和連詞。常用詞語搭配。70% 考連詞 ，代詞，介詞以及承上啟下的其他詞和詞組。
方法 ： 先跳空通讀全文 ， 然后根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu) ， 語義連貫 ， 詞與詞的搭配填空 ， 最后在通讀全文。
注意顧全大局
選的是最佳答案
詞型填空題大部分為動詞
閱讀理解題型分析
考察
?。?） 詞和短語的意義
?。?） 句子表達的各個內(nèi)容之間的關(guān)系
?。?） 文章的主題思想和大意
（4） 文章或某句的內(nèi)在含義及推理
?。?） 文章作者的態(tài)度 .
答題方法 ：
先看題 — 閱讀的難點不是考試的重點
不要死扣一句
第一段和最后一段 ， 段首和段尾句
多數(shù)題目可以在文章中找到相應(yīng)的段落 ， 句子或短語 .
翻譯題
評分原則為：
?。?） 主要語法錯誤（如動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、虛擬語氣、主謂一致、否定、疑問以及其他句型錯誤）或影響基本句意的重要用詞錯誤扣 1 分。
非基本語法錯誤（如介詞、代詞、冠詞、大寫、標(biāo)點等錯誤）以及不影響基本句意的用詞錯誤兩處扣 1 分。
拼寫錯誤每錯兩處扣 1 分。拼寫錯誤本大題總扣分不超過 3 分。
短文英譯漢主要是讀懂原文 ， 注意一些修飾關(guān)系的翻譯 ， 如定語從句 .
短文英譯漢的評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)按譯文質(zhì)量分為 15-13 分、 12-10 分、 9-7 分、 6-4 分和 3-1 分五個檔次。
各檔次標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如下：
?。?1 ） 15-13 分。全文翻譯正確或基本正確，漢語表達通順。
（ 2 ） 12-10 分。全文主要內(nèi)容翻譯正確或基本正確，漢語表達通順，但有少數(shù)語句翻譯錯誤。
?。?3 ） 9-7 分。全文不少于一半的內(nèi)容翻譯基本正確，漢語表達通順，有一些語句翻譯錯誤。
（ 4 ） 6-4 分。少部分內(nèi)容翻譯基本正確，有較多的語句翻譯錯誤。
?。?5 ） 3-1 分。僅譯對個別句子。
（ 6 ）全文譯錯或只譯出零星單詞或全文未譯，不給分。
（ 7 ）缺譯的語句按完全譯錯處理。 根據(jù)以上評分檔次描述，評分可在相應(yīng)的檔次上下浮動。
考試注意事項
重視語法，考試前用時間把書上的語法串起來復(fù)習(xí)，做書上的一些翻譯練習(xí)。
練習(xí)閱讀 . 找自己的常犯錯誤
