1 一、2020年高考真題 1. （2020江蘇高考真題）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.A. whoseB. whichC. whenD. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：許多課程現(xiàn)在都可以在網(wǎng)上找到，學(xué)生們可以從中免費選擇。此處是非限定性定語從句，先行詞是many lessons，關(guān)系詞在從句中做介詞from的賓語，應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故選B。 2. （2020天津高考真題）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. whoseB. of whomC. of whichD. which【答案】A【解析】考查定語從句。句意：羅文博士的秘書兩周前辭職了，他現(xiàn)在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定語從句，修飾Dr. Rowan，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)該從句，故選A。 5. （2020新課標(biāo)Ⅲ卷高考真題）In ancient China lived an artist 61 paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定語從句。句意：中國古代有一位畫家，他的畫幾乎栩栩如生。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞artist，且先行詞在從句中作定語，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞whose。故填whose。 2 2019年高考真題 1.【2019·江蘇卷·單項填空】 21.We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. whichB. whatC. whenD. that【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)進入到了一個時代，在這個時代夢想實現(xiàn)的機會最大。句中先行詞為an age（一個時代），且先行詞在從句中做時間狀語，所以關(guān)系詞用when。故選C。 2.【2019·天津卷·單項填空】11.Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：他們的孩子正處于能說單個單詞而不能說完整句子的階段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一個定語從句，先行詞是the stage，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，用關(guān)系副詞where，故選B。 3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯】One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞one afternoon表示時間在定語從句中作狀語，所以關(guān)系詞使用when。故將where改為when。 4.【2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，___62___ she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。 5.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓(xùn)練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經(jīng)驗。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關(guān)系詞填who。 6.【2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·短文改錯】 In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment is created for them. 【解析】本句考查定語從句。先行詞environment 在從句中做主語，指物，關(guān)系代詞用that/which。故把what改為that/which。 7.【2019·浙江卷·語法填空】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導(dǎo)。故填that/which。 8.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】What students do at college seems to matter much more than___8___ they go.【答案】where【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：學(xué)生在大學(xué)里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大學(xué)）更重要。這里表達(dá)去哪所大學(xué)，表示地點，作狀語。故用where。 9.【2019·北京卷·語法填空】The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定語從句。句意：從大學(xué)中獲益最多的學(xué)生是那些完全投入學(xué)術(shù)生活的學(xué)生。___3___ are totally engaged(參與)in academic life.是定語從句，修飾先行詞those，空格處在句中作主語，代指人，故填who或that。 3 2018年高考真題 1.【2018·北京】5. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。句意：她和家人騎自行車去上班，這有助于她們保持健康。“____ helps them keep fit”是非限制性定語從句，該從句修飾整個主句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語，故該從句應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。A選項正確。點睛：非限制性定語從句即可修飾主句的一部分，也可以修飾整個主句。其引導(dǎo)詞的選擇和限制性定語從句的判斷規(guī)則一致，即：第一、找準(zhǔn)先行詞；第二、看先行詞在定語從句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 2.【2018·天津】2. Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. thatC. whose D. her【答案】C【解析】考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：凱特已經(jīng)去澳大利亞工作了。我們在大學(xué)的時候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行詞為Kate，在非限定性定語從句中作名詞sister的定語，故用關(guān)系代詞whose。故選C。點睛：本題考查定語從句。定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需抓住兩點：1.找準(zhǔn)先行詞；2.看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。 3.【2018·江蘇】 23. Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. whereC. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定語從句。句意：自動駕駛是一個中國和世界其它國家都在同一起跑線的領(lǐng)域。句中先行詞為area，在從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where，相當(dāng)于in which。故選B。點睛：本題考查定語從句。定語從句是高考重點考查知識之一，分析定語從句需抓住兩點：1.找準(zhǔn)先行詞。2.看先行詞在從句中所作的成分。抓住這兩點，再根據(jù)句意，從而能夠判斷出正確的關(guān)系詞。 4.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。 4.【2018·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯】They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】 which改成in which或where【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。他們還有一個小池塘，里面養(yǎng)著魚。此處a small pond是先行詞，其在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用in which或where。 5.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _started_ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.【答案】that或which 【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。根據(jù)空后的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導(dǎo)后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。 6.【2018·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空】Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句中包含定語從句，先行詞是westerners指人，在定語從句中做主語，用關(guān)系代詞who/that引導(dǎo)，故填who/that。4 2017年高考真題 1.【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when 【答案】A【解析】試題分析：句意：我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。______ we meet in our daily lives是定語從句，從句缺少賓語，先行詞是problems，用that。考點：考查定語從句。【名師點睛】定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等）和關(guān)系副詞（when, where, why等）。1. 關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語，定語等成分。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是表示時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時，關(guān)系代詞可省略（非限定性定語從句中不可省略）。e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.3. 非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞均不可省略。注意關(guān)系代詞that, 關(guān)系副詞why, 不可用于非限定性定語從句。4. 作介詞賓語的關(guān)系代詞在限制和非限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，即介詞+關(guān)系代詞，whom用于指人，which用于指物，不能用that。e.g. The man with whom you shook hands just now is head of our department.Mrs. Nye, with whom you shook hands just now, is head of our department.The room in which my family live used to be a garage. 2.【2017·江蘇】28. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B. it’s C. whose D. whom 【答案】C【解析】試題分析：考查定語從句。先行詞是“the World Food Programme”，“世界糧食項目”的目的之一是……，whose在定語從句中作定語，這里限定purposes，故選C。句意：1963年聯(lián)合國建立了世界糧食計劃署，其目的之一就是為了緩解世界范圍內(nèi)的饑餓問題。考點：考查定語從句 3.【2017·天津】9. My eldest son, _______ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】試題分析：本句是一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是My eldest son, 根據(jù)句意和空后名詞確定引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作定語，選項中只有whose修飾名詞作定語。故選B。考點：考查定語從句。【名師點睛】定語從句的考查主要就是考查關(guān)系詞的辨析，關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom, as， who在句中做主語，賓語，表語;whose做定語；where, why, when在句中做地點，原因和時間狀語。要分析定語從句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就選用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系詞。
