2012版英語一輪語法詳細(xì)學(xué)案：主謂一致
一、語法一致原則
主語單復(fù)數(shù)決定謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，即主語是單數(shù)，謂語用單數(shù)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。
Tow students are waiting for you in your office.
兩名學(xué)生在辦公室等你。
二、意義一致原則
謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)的情況
(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那個(gè)工人兼作家來自武漢。
(2)“no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一個(gè)人都很有理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到驕傲。
(3)one/every one/each/either/the number of＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語。
Each of the students has a book.每個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。
(4)由every-，any-，some-，no-和-one，-thing，-body等所構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語。
Is everybody here today？今天每個(gè)人都在這兒嗎？
(5)非謂語動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
勸他加入我們看起來確實(shí)難。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
Whatever was left was taken away.
無論剩下了什么都被拿走了。
注意：what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式，若從句謂語或從句后的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
What they need are books.他們需要的是書。
謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)的情況
(1)由and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分表示兩個(gè)不同的概念。
Both bread and butter are sold out.
面包和黃油都賣完了。
(2)people，police，cattle等有生命的集體名詞作主語。
People read for pleasure during their spare time.
人們閑暇之余的閱讀是為了消遣。
(3)一些常用做復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞，如goods，stairs，arms等作主語。
The goods are made in China.這些貨物都是中國制造的。
(4)由山脈、群島、瀑布等以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語。
The Himalayas are the roof of the world.
喜馬拉雅山脈是世界屋脊。
(5)a number of/quantities of/a group of＋名詞作主語。
A number of other plants were found in America.
在美國發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的其他植物。
謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定
(1)集體名詞class，family，army，team，club，population，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，government，majority，group等作主語，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個(gè)體成員用復(fù)數(shù)。
The population in China is very large and 80% of the population live in rural areas.中國人口很多，其中80%的人住在農(nóng)村。
(2)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語形式要根據(jù)其具體含義而定，這類詞有：means，works，pains，deer，fish，sheep等。
Every means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective.每種方法都試過，但沒有一個(gè)有效。
There are various means of communicating with a stranger.
同陌生人交流有很多不同的方法。
(3)“kind，sort，pair，type＋名詞”作主語，以這些名詞本身的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。
The kind of paper is made of straw.這種紙是由稻草制成的。
Some kinds of animals are dying out.
一些種類的動(dòng)物要滅絕了。
(4)all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。
All is going on very well.一切順利。
All are present besides the professor.
包括教授在內(nèi)大家都在。
(5)“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。
A lot of students are coming to the meeting.
有很多學(xué)生要來開會。
A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference.
準(zhǔn)備這次會議需要做大量的工作。
三、就近一致原則
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞常與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。
Neither you nor I am fit for the work.
你和我都不適合這份工作。
Are neither you nor I fit for the work?
你和我都不適合這份工作嗎？
注意：“with/along with/together with/including/but/except/like/as well as/no more than/besides/rather than＋名詞”置于主語后，謂語動(dòng)詞一般仍與前面的名詞在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致。
Henry，rather than Jane and John，is responsible for the loss.
損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由亨利而不是由簡和約翰來承擔(dān)。
(2)由there，here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box.
文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。
Are there three books and one pen on your desk?
你的書桌上有三本書和一支鋼筆嗎？
1．—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
【解析】 句意為：——這湖水怎么這么難聞？——因?yàn)榇罅康乃呀?jīng)被污染了。本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致問題。water與pollute為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除A項(xiàng)；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與quantities保持一致，故排除C項(xiàng)，答案為D項(xiàng)。
【答案】 D
2．Dr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________visit Beijing this summer.
A．is going to B．a(chǎn)re going to
C．was going to D．were going to
【解析】 當(dāng)主語后出現(xiàn)together with/as well as等介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與介詞短語前的主語保持一致，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語this summer可知應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)態(tài)。
【答案】 A
3．The teacher together with the students________discussing Reading Skills that________newly published in America.
A．a(chǎn)re；were B．is；were
C．a(chǎn)re；was D．is；was
【解析】 句意為：老師和同學(xué)們在討論美國剛出版的《閱讀技巧》一書。不難看出主句的主語是the teacher，together with the students是附加部分，而Reading Skills 是一個(gè)書名也應(yīng)該用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
【答案】 D
4．Either you or one of your students________to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A．a(chǎn)re B．is
C．have D．be
【解析】 句意為：要么是你或者你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)該出席明天的會議。該題考查的是主謂一致，按照就近一致原則，one of your students的中心詞為one，謂語動(dòng)詞該用單數(shù)，在本句中is to do表示應(yīng)該(should)。
【答案】 B
5．At present，one of the arguments in favor of the new airport________that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re
C．will be D．was
【解析】 句意為：目前，人們贊成建一座新機(jī)場的理由之一是它將給這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來很多的就業(yè)機(jī)會。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，At present＝Now是解題的關(guān)鍵。
【答案】 A
6．—Did you go to the show last night?
—Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area________invited.
A．were B．have been
C．has been D．was
【解析】 主語是every boy and girl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇was。
【答案】 D
7． Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture，but when and where________yet.
A．hasn’t been decided B．haven’t decided
C．isn’t being decided D．a(chǎn)ren’t decided
【解析】 本題考查主謂一致。when and where引導(dǎo)的從句或跟不定式連用時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，再根據(jù)本題意思應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
【答案】 A
8．We live day by day，but in the great things，the time of days and weeks________so small that a day is unimportant.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re
C．has been D．have been
【解析】 此題考查主謂一致的基本用法。主語是time，后面of days and weeks是它的定語，所以謂語用單數(shù)。
【答案】 A
9． A survey of the opinions of experts________that three hours of outdoor exercise a week________good for one’s health.
A．show；are B．shows；is
C．show；is D．shows；are
【解析】 本題考查主謂一致。第一空的主語是a survey，故用單數(shù)shows；第二空是不可數(shù)名詞exercise作主語，故用is。
【答案】 B
10． As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area_____.
A．need repairing B．needs to repair
C．needs repairing D．need to repair
【解析】 此題考查主謂一致及“need”的特殊用法。two-thirds of the buildings作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與the buildings保持一致，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。need 此處意為“需要”，用法應(yīng)是need to be done/need doing。
【答案】 A
11 —Hi，what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who are to visit Water Cube________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.
A．is B．were
C．a(chǎn)re D．was
【解析】 考查主謂一致。every...and every...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，由此可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)；根據(jù)前面的are to visit Water Cube的時(shí)態(tài)可知，A項(xiàng)正確。
【答案】 A
12．John as well as the other children who________no parents________good care of in the center.
A．have；is being taken
B．have；has taken
C．has；is taken
D．has；have been taken
【解析】 考查主謂一致和動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)，句意為：約翰同其他那些沒有父母的孩子一起在這個(gè)中心受到很好的照顧。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾other children所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是復(fù)數(shù)；名詞1＋as well as/besides/with/together with ect.＋名詞2時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)就遠(yuǎn)原則由名詞1決定，所以第二空謂語動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)，約翰正在受到照顧，因此用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。
【答案】 A
13．The number of people，who have access to their own cars，________sharply in the past decade.
A．rose B．is rising
C．have risen D．has risen
【解析】 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。本句的主語是the number，所以謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；in the past decade表示時(shí)間從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，即“十年來”，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
【答案】 D
14． Professor Wang，together with his colleagues，________working on the project day and night to ________the deadline.
A．a(chǎn)re；meet B．is；meet
C．a(chǎn)re；satisfy D．is；satisfy
【解析】 考查主謂一致和詞語搭配。當(dāng)主語后跟有together with，as well as等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和主語保持一致，此處主語是Professor Wang，故謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式；meet the deadline表示“在截止日期前完成”。
【答案】 B
15．Large quantities of information，as well as some timely help________since the organization was built.
A．has offered B．had been offered
C．have been offered D．is offered
【解析】 由as well as連接的復(fù)合主語并不影響謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，“l(fā)arge quantites of＋名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。分析題目可知?jiǎng)幼麟m然發(fā)生在過去，但對現(xiàn)在還有影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
【答案】 C
16． Buying clothes________a hard job because the clothes a person likes________not very often fit him or her.
A．a(chǎn)re；do B．is；does
C．a(chǎn)re；does D．is；do
【解析】 考查主謂一致。主句主語是動(dòng)名詞短語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式is；從句的主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞clothes，因此用do。
【答案】 D
17．On the contrary，I think it is Truman，________you，________ to blame.
A．more than；are B．less than；who are
C．rather than；that is D．rather than；is
【解析】 句意是：相反，我認(rèn)為是Truman而不是你該受到責(zé)備。題干包含一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是賓語從句的主語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞要與Truman一致。此句表示選擇關(guān)系，所以要用rather than。
【答案】 C
18． Every student as well as teachers who________to visit the museum______asked to be at the school gate on time.
A．is；is B．a(chǎn)re；are
C．is；are D．a(chǎn)re；is
【解析】 考查主謂一致。who，which，that作定語從句的主語時(shí)，其謂語的數(shù)取決于先行詞，所以第一空用復(fù)數(shù)are；主語后有as well as等時(shí)，謂語應(yīng)同其前面的主語保持一致，所以第二空用單數(shù)。
【答案】 D
19．An exhibiton of paintings________at the museum next week.
A．a(chǎn)re to be held B．a(chǎn)re holding
C．is holding D．is to be held
【解析】 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。hold的賓語是an exhibition，而不是paintings，所以應(yīng)該是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本句的主語是an exhibition，of paintings是介詞短語作后置定語，所以謂語動(dòng)詞是單數(shù)，再結(jié)合時(shí)間狀語next week可知是表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。be to do sth.通常表示按照計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生某事，此處是被動(dòng)形式。
【答案】 D
20．______of the people on the Net________China’s economy is among the strongest in the world.
A．Four-fifth；believes
B．Four-fifth；believe
C．Four-fifths；believe
D．Four-fifths；believes
【解析】 本題考查分?jǐn)?shù)表達(dá)和主謂一致。4/5→four-fifths。題干主語是(網(wǎng)絡(luò)上)4/5的人，是復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形。
【答案】 C
21．Many a writer of newspaper articles________to writing novels.
A．has turned B．have turned
C．being turned D．a(chǎn)re going to turn
【解析】 考查主謂一致。“many a＋可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，表示“許多”。
【答案】 A
22．—Each of the students working hard at their lessons________the book.
—So have I.
A．is reading B．has read
C．read D．reads
【解析】 答語So have I是完成時(shí)態(tài)，由此很容易選出對應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)，那就是B項(xiàng)(has read)，表示“學(xué)生們看過了，我也看過了”。
【答案】 B
23．—How did your students express their thanks to you on Teachers’ Day?
—A gift together with many flowers________sent to me.
A．is B．a(chǎn)re
C．was D．were
【解析】 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。若句子的主語是由together with，along with，with，as well as＋名詞或代詞來修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與together with，along with，with，as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。根據(jù)問句，此處用一般過去時(shí)。
【答案】 C
24．This kind of book________very useful but books of that kind________useless.
A．is；is B．is；are
C．a(chǎn)re；is D．a(chǎn)re；are
【解析】 第一空前主語是“這種書”，而第二空前主語是books。
【答案】 B
25．—Mike，what did our monitor say just now?
—Every boy and every girl as well as teachers who________to visit the museum________asked to be at the school gate before 6∶30 in the morning.
A．is；is B．a(chǎn)re；are
C．is；are D．a(chǎn)re；is
【解析】 該題為一個(gè)含有定語從句的復(fù)合句，句中作定語的關(guān)系代詞who指代先行詞teachers，為復(fù)數(shù)，故謂語動(dòng)詞用are；as well as連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)前一個(gè)主語決定；由every，no，each等限定的并由and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
【答案】 D
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