在《新概念英語(yǔ)》經(jīng)典版第二冊(cè)第14課的難點(diǎn)部分出現(xiàn)了either of、neither of、both of的區(qū)分。為了便于大家理解和掌握,就此做一梳理對(duì)比。
這兩個(gè)詞都表示兩者之間的關(guān)系,只是both表示“兩者都...”,是肯定表達(dá),而neither表示“兩者都不...”,是否定表達(dá)。當(dāng)both引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù);當(dāng)neither引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要采用單數(shù)。如:
Both of them are students.
Neither of them is a student.
1、neither的發(fā)音
有英式和美式兩種發(fā)音,即:
英式發(fā)音:['na?e?(r)]
美式發(fā)音:['ni?e?r]
2、neither...nor...
當(dāng)neither和nor同時(shí)搭配使用時(shí),表示“既不...,也不...”。其引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)用法要采用就近原則。如:
Neither he nor we are going to the party.
Neither we nor he is going to the party.
3、both...not...
當(dāng)both與not同時(shí)使用時(shí),表示的是部分否定,即“不都...”。如:
Both of us are not teachers.
該句意思為:
我們倆不都是老師。
這兩個(gè)詞都用在三者及以上之間的關(guān)系,all表示“全都...”,是肯定表達(dá),而none表示“全都不...”,是否定表達(dá)。當(dāng)all和none都修飾可數(shù)名詞時(shí),如果all引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù);如果none引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞大多要采用單數(shù),復(fù)數(shù)也可以。如:
All of the students are from France.
None of the students is/are from France.
1、all...not...
當(dāng)all與not連用時(shí),表達(dá)的是部分否定,即“不都...”。如:
All of the teachers are not from China.
該句話的意思是:
不是所有的老師都來(lái)自中國(guó)。
2、no one、nobody、nothing、none
no one / nobody常用來(lái)指人,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;nothing常用來(lái)指物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)形式;none可指人也可指物,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如和of 連用,指不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式;指可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。
No one likes the cake.
Nobody is qualified for the new job.
Nothing has changed in the past five years.
None of us is/are willing to work at night.
該詞表示兩者選其一,即“或者...,或者...;要么...,要么...”。當(dāng)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)成分時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)采用就近原則。如:
Either you or I am going to attend the meeting.
Either I or you are going to attend the meeting.
either也可以用在of結(jié)構(gòu)中,此時(shí)如果它引導(dǎo)的成分作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。如:
Either of the players is going to take part in the sports meeting.
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