11.5 be going to / will 用于條件句時,be going to表將來,will表意愿。 例如: If you are going to make a journey, you''''d better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 11.6 be to和be going to be to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客觀安排) I''''m going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主觀安排) 11.7 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來 1)下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般現(xiàn)在時可以表示將來,主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。例如: The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點開。 When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽車什么時候開?十分鐘后。 2)以here, there等開始的倒裝句,表示動作正在進行。例如: Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 車來了。 There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 鈴響了。 3)在時間或條件句中。例如: When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比爾來后,讓他等我。 I''''ll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就寫信給你。 4)在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that等的賓語從句中。例如: I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他們下星期玩得開心。 Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 離開房間前,務必把窗戶關(guān)了。 11.8 用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來 下列動詞come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等現(xiàn)在進行時可以表示將來。例如: I''''m leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 Are you staying here till next week? 你會在這兒呆到下周嗎? |
11.15 過去完成時 1) 概念:表示過去的過去 ----|----------|--------|----> 其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2) 用法 a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動詞后的賓語從句。例如: She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告訴我她曾去過巴黎。 b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時;發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時。例如: When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達時,小偷們早就跑了。 c. 表示意向的動詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時表示"原本…,未能…"。例如: We had hoped that you would come, but you didn''''t. 那時我們希望你能來,但是你沒有來。 3) 過去完成時的時間狀語before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如: He said that he had learned some English before. 他說過他以前學過一些英語。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年,愛迪生開始自己謀生。 Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 湯姆失望了,因為他到達晚會時,大部分客人已經(jīng)走了。 典型例題 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案D. "把書忘在辦公室"發(fā)生在"去取書"這一過去的動作之前,因此"忘了書"這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去,用過去完成時。句中when表示的是時間的一點,表示在"同學們正忙于……"這一背景下,when所引導的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應用過去進行時。 注意: had hardly… when 還沒等…… 就……。例如: I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我剛打開門,他就打了我。 had no sooner…than 剛…… 就……。例如: He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。 11.16 用一般過去時代替過去完成時 1) 兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生,又不強調(diào)先后,或用then,and,but 等連詞時,多用一般過去時。例如: When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起來。 My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑媽給了我一頂帽子,我把它丟了。 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生,可用一般過去時;如第一個動作需要若干時間完成,用過去完成時。例如: When I heard the news, I was very excited. 3) 敘述歷史事實,可不用過去完成時,而只用一般過去時。例如: Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 11.17 將來完成時 1) 構(gòu)成will have done 2) 概念 a. 狀態(tài)完成:表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。例如: They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那時他們結(jié)婚將有二十年了。 b. 動作完成:表示將來某一時或另一個將來的動作之前,已經(jīng)完成的動作或獲得的經(jīng)驗。例如: You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此時,你已經(jīng)到達上海了。 |
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