中文名（Chinese Name）：油菜花學(xué)名（Scientific Name）：Brassica rapa var.
oleifera DC.
英文名（English Common Name）：別名（Chinese Common Name）：蕓薹
異名（Synonym）：Brassica campestris Linn. Brassica chinensis var. oleifera Makino et Nemoto Brassica nipposinica L. H. Bailey Brassica dubiosa L. H. Bailey Brassica rapa subsp. campestris (L.) Clapham Brassica campestris var. oleifera DC. Brassica perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey Brassica campestris subsp. oleifera (DC.) Schübl. et Mart. Brassica campestris var. chinoleifera Viehoever Brassica asperifolia Lam. Brassica campestris subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) G. Olsson Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. Brassica rapa var. chinoleifera (Viehoever) Kitam. Brassica rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey Brassica chinensis var. angustifolia V. G. Sun Brassica chinensis var. utilis M. Tsen et S. H. Lee
科屬（Family & Genus）：十字花科（Cruciferae）蕓薹屬
形態(tài)特征（Description）：二年生草本，高30-90厘米；莖粗壯，直立，分枝或不分枝，無(wú)毛或近無(wú)毛，稍帶粉霜?；~大頭羽裂，頂裂片圓形或卵形，邊緣有不整齊彎缺牙齒，側(cè)裂片1至數(shù)對(duì)，卵形；葉柄寬，長(zhǎng)2-6厘米，基部抱莖；下部莖生葉羽狀半裂，長(zhǎng)6-10厘米，基部擴(kuò)展且抱莖，兩面有硬毛及緣毛；上部莖生葉長(zhǎng)圓狀倒卵形、長(zhǎng)圓形或長(zhǎng)圓狀披針形，長(zhǎng)2.5-8 (-15) 厘米，寬0.5-4 (-5) 厘米，基部心形，抱莖，兩側(cè)有垂耳，全緣或有波狀細(xì)齒。總狀花序在花期成傘房狀，以后伸長(zhǎng)；花鮮黃色，直徑7-10毫米；萼片長(zhǎng)圓形，長(zhǎng)3-5毫米，直立開(kāi)展，頂端圓形，邊緣透明，稍有毛；花瓣倒卵形，長(zhǎng)7-9毫米，頂端近微缺，基部有爪。長(zhǎng)角果線(xiàn)形，長(zhǎng)3-8厘米，寬2-4毫米，果瓣有中脈及網(wǎng)紋，萼直立，長(zhǎng)9-24毫米；果梗長(zhǎng)5-15毫米。種子球形，直徑約1.5毫米。紫褐色?；ㄆ?-4月，果期5月。
分布（Distribution）：產(chǎn)陜西、江蘇、安徽、浙江、江西、湖北、湖南及四川。
用途（Use）：為主要油料植物之一，種子含油量40％左右，油供食用；嫩莖葉和總花梗作蔬菜；種子藥用，能行血散結(jié)消腫；葉可外敷癰腫。
引自中國(guó)植物志英文版FOC Vol. 8 Page 19
Brassica rapa var. oleifera de Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 591. 1821.
蕓苔 yun tai| Brassicaceae | Brassica
Brassica asperifolia Lamarck; B. campestris Linnaeus; B. campestris var. chinoleifera Viehoever; B. campestris subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) G. Olsson; B. campestris (Linnaeus) subsp. oleifera (de Candolle) Schübler & Martius; B. campestris var. oleifera de Candolle; B. chinensis Linnaeus var. angustifolia V. G. Sun; B. chinensis var. utilis M. Tsen & S. H. Lee; B. dubiosa L. H. Bailey; B. nipposinica L. H. Bailey; B. perviridis (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey; B. rapa subsp. campestris (Linnaeus) Clapham; B. rapa subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt; B. rapa subsp. oleifera (de Candolle) Metzger; B. rapa var. campestris (Linnaeus) Petermann; B. rapa var. chinoleifera (Viehoever) Kitamura; B. rapa var. perviridis L. H. Bailey.
Plants annual or rarely biennial. Taproot not fleshy, cylindric. Basal leaves rarely up to 10, not rosulate or obscurely rosulate; petiole slender, neither fleshy nor winged; leaf blade subentire, sinuately lobed, pinnatifid, or incised with irregularly serrate lobes. Fl. Mar-May, fr. May-Jul. 2n = 20*.
Cultivated. Throughout China [widely cultivated elsewhere].
Widely cultivated in Asia as a source of seed oil, but also grown in China as a medicinal plant and vegetable for its purple shoots. Plants of this variety are weedy throughout much of the world and are better known as Brassica campestris.
Purplish forms of this subspecies with shallowly lobed or unlobed basal leaves are cultivated in China as a vegetable. They were originally described as Brassica campestris var. purpuraria L. H. Bailey and later as B. purpuraria (L. H. Bailey) L. H. Bailey. If a formal recognition were needed, then the name would be B. rapa var. purpuraria (L. H. Bailey) Kitamura (Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol. 19: 78. 1950).
Another leafy form, originally described from Sichuan and later cultivated in Jiangsu and many other provinces, is Brassica juncea var. celerifolia M. Tsen & S. H. Lee (Hort. Sin. 2: 28. 1942). It was correctly excluded from B. juncea because it has 2n = 20, but was raised to the rank of species, as B. celerifolia (M. Tsen & S. H. Lee) Y. C. Lan & T. Y. Cheo (Acta Phytotax. Sin. 29: 74. 1991). It has deeply incised leaf blades.
