公式301
先行詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞+定語(yǔ)從句
● The house in which I used to live has becomea garden.我過去住的房子已經(jīng)變成了一個(gè)花園。
公式302
先行詞,+which/who/whom/whose/when/where+定語(yǔ)從句非限制性
定語(yǔ)從句用逗號(hào)與主句分開,that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,who一般不能替代whom。
● Between the two parts of the concert is aninterval, when the audience can buy ice-cream.音樂會(huì)的兩部分中間有間歇,這時(shí)候,觀眾可以去買冰激凌。
公式303
(先行詞,+)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
● He made a long speech, as we expected.正如我們所預(yù)料的一樣,他的演講很長(zhǎng)。
公式304
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+when/while/as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
when/while/as意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”。
● Mary made coffee while her guests werefinishing their meal.客人們快吃完飯的時(shí)候,瑪麗煮了咖啡。
公式305
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+as soonas/directly/immediately等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)詞意為“一……就……”。
● I recognized her immediately I saw her.我一見到她,就認(rèn)出了她。
公式306
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+before/after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
● I went to bed after I finished my homework.做完作業(yè)后,我就上床睡覺了。
公式307
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
● Mary has been in Shanghai since she left Beijing.瑪麗自從離開北京后就一直在上海。
公式308
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句: 主句+till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
● I will stay here until you come back.我會(huì)一直待在這里直到你回來(lái)。
公式309
原因狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+because/as/since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句
● As all the seats were full, he had to standup.由于所有的位子都滿了,他只好站著。
because, since, as的區(qū)別
公式310
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+where/wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句
● You cango wherever you like these days.這些天你可以去你想去的地方。
公式311
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:疑問詞-ever引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
● To show our respect, we usually have to takeour gloves off whoever we are to shake hands with.為了表示我們的尊重,不論要跟誰(shuí)握手,我們通常都要摘掉手套。
公式312
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),疑問詞-ever可與“no matter+疑問詞”互換。
● Wherever/No matter where you go, I will bewith you.無(wú)論你去哪兒,我都和你一起。
公式313
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+(al)though/as/while/eventhough/even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
● Tim is in good shape physically even thoughhe doesn’t get much exercise.即使不做太多鍛煉,蒂姆還是保持了很好的體形。
公式314
條件狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+if/unless/aslong as引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句
● Let’s go out for awalk unless you are too tired.如果你不是太累的話,我們出去散一會(huì)步吧。
公式315
條件狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+so/such...+that+結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
● He worked so hard that he got ill.他工作那么努力,結(jié)果病倒了。
公式316
目的狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+so that/inorder that/in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句
● I’ll run slowly so that you can catch up withme.為了能讓你趕上我,我會(huì)慢慢跑。
公式317
比較狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句
● The weather was worse than I had expected.天氣比我預(yù)料的還要糟。
公式318
比較狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句
● French is as familiar to him as English.他對(duì)法語(yǔ)就像對(duì)英語(yǔ)一樣熟悉。
公式319
方式狀語(yǔ)從句:主句+as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
as if/as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句
● You ought to do as Paul tells you.你應(yīng)該按照保羅吩咐你的去做。
公式320
當(dāng)as if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句表示與事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí),從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
● She closed her eyes as though she was verytired.她閉上了眼睛,好像是很累了。
公式321
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法:
If...did/were..., 主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/mightdo...表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
從句用一般過去時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
● If you were the manager, we would not be sotired.如果你是經(jīng)理,我們就不會(huì)這么累了。
公式322
If...had done...,主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/mighthave done...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
從句用過去完成時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞”。
● If we had taken the other road, we might havearrived here in time for the meeting.如果我們走了另一條路的話,或許就能及時(shí)趕到這里開會(huì)了。(陜西)
公式323
If...did/were todo/should do...,主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might do...表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。
從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過去式、“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或“wereto+動(dòng)詞原形”,主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形”。
● If it were fine tomorrow, I would goshopping.如果明天天氣好,我就去購(gòu)物。
公式324
If...had done..., 主語(yǔ)+would do...
● If he had set out earlier, he would be homenow.如果他早點(diǎn)出發(fā)的話,他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)到家了。
公式325
If...should do..., 主語(yǔ)+would have done...
● If she shouldleave, I would have heard about it.如果她要走,我早就應(yīng)該聽說(shuō)了。
公式326
Should/Were/Had+(從句)主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)
主句if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有should, were, had時(shí),可將if省略,而將should, were, had提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。、
● Were I you(=If I were you), I would go.如果我是你,我就去。
公式327
With/Without/Butfor+名詞,主語(yǔ)+虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式的謂語(yǔ)...
句子的虛擬條件是通過詞或短語(yǔ)如with, without, otherwise, but for等來(lái)表示的。
● Without the greenhouse effect, the earthwould be about thirtythree degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果沒有溫室效應(yīng),地球的溫度將比現(xiàn)在的溫度低大約33攝氏度。
公式328
主句+as if+(從句)主語(yǔ)+did/had done...as if引導(dǎo)的從句
常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反的情況。
● She acted as if she had been the hostessyesterday.她昨天表現(xiàn)得就好像她是女主人似的。
公式329
主句+so that+(從句)主語(yǔ)+should/could/might do...
so that意為“為了”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。
● He took a taxi to the station so that heshould not miss the train.為了不錯(cuò)過火車,他乘出租車去火車站。
公式330
主句+lest+從句(主語(yǔ)+(should) do...)
lest意為“唯恐”,它引導(dǎo)的從句表示目的。
● They spoke in whispers lest they (should) be heard.他們低聲說(shuō)話,唯恐被別人聽見。
公式331
...wish (that)+主語(yǔ)+did/had done/would do...
wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反;用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反;用過去將來(lái)時(shí)表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。
● I wish it were autumn in Beijing all the year around.我希望北京全年都是秋天。
公式332
...suggest/recommend/insist等+(that)+主語(yǔ)+(should)do...
● I suggest that we (should) set off at once.我建議我們立刻出發(fā)。
公式333
...would rather+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...
would rather后的從句用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。
● I would rather you hadn’t told him.我寧愿你沒有告訴他。
公式334
It is+形容詞/名詞/過去分詞+that+主語(yǔ)+(should)do...
● It is strange that the girl (should) be sorude.那個(gè)女孩那么無(wú)禮,這真奇怪。
公式335
...suggestion/advice/demand等+that+主語(yǔ)(+should)do...
在表示“建議”、“命令”、“要求”等的名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
● My suggestion is that we (should) get startedsoon.我的建議是我們應(yīng)該盡快出發(fā)。
公式336
It is (high/about)time that+主語(yǔ)+did/should do...
● It is high time that you went to school.早就到了你該去上學(xué)的時(shí)間了。
公式337
if only+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...
用一般過去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反,用過去完成時(shí)表示與過去事實(shí)相反。
● If only I had another chance.要是我再有一次機(jī)會(huì)就好了。
公式338
不可數(shù)名詞/單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● Still water runs deep.靜水流深。
公式339
動(dòng)名詞/不定式/主語(yǔ)從句+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操對(duì)你的眼睛有好處。
公式340
時(shí)間/距離/價(jià)值/重量等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
表示時(shí)間、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞常作為一個(gè)整體看待,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)。
● A thousand miles is a very long distance.1,000英里是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。
公式341
more than one/many a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
a(n)+單數(shù)名詞+and a half+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)意為“不止一個(gè)……/許多……”;“一個(gè)半……”。
● More than one person here is going to find a new job.這里不止一個(gè)人準(zhǔn)備找新工作。
公式342
the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● As you can see, the number of cars on ourroads keeps rising these days.正如你看到的那樣,如今公路上汽車的數(shù)量一直在增長(zhǎng)。(全國(guó)Ⅱ)
公式343
a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● A number of willbe graduatesare voluntarily going to work in the West of China.許多即將畢業(yè)的大學(xué)生打算自愿到中國(guó)西部工作。
公式344
each/every...(and each/every...)+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● Every person in my family has been given agift.我們家每個(gè)人都得到了一份禮物。
公式345
some-, any-, every-,no-構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● If anyone knows the truth of the accident,please tell the police.如果有人知道事故的真相,請(qǐng)告訴警察。
公式346
冠詞+名詞+and+名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
兩個(gè)并列的名詞 表示一個(gè)人或一種事物,此時(shí)第一個(gè)名詞前用冠詞,第二個(gè)名詞前不用冠詞。
● A knife and fork is on the table.餐桌上有一副刀叉。
公式347
news/physics/maths/politics/theUnited States/James等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
這些名詞雖然以-s結(jié)尾,但屬于專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。
● The news concerns your younger brother.這消息與你弟弟有關(guān)。
公式348
one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● One of my goodfriends has been abroad for eleven years.我的一個(gè)好朋友已經(jīng)在國(guó)外待了11年了。
公式349
復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● All the students in our class arehardworking.我們班所有的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功。
公式350
glasses/trousers/pants/shoes等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
主語(yǔ)是以成對(duì)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
● My blue trousers have worn out.我的藍(lán)褲子已經(jīng)穿破了。
如果這類名詞前用pair of等單位名詞修飾,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與單位名詞的數(shù)保持一致。
公式351
people/police/cattle等+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
people, police,cattle是只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
● Many people were present at the meeting.許多人出席了會(huì)議。
公式352
... and.../both...and...+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
意為“……和……都”,表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
● New York and Boston are American cities.紐約和波士頓都是美國(guó)的城市。
公式353
主語(yǔ)+with/togetherwith/except/but/like/as well as...+謂語(yǔ)
● The mother along with her two children goes to the park everyweekend.那位母親和她的兩個(gè)孩子每個(gè)周末都要去公園。
公式354
class/family/group/team等+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)/復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● The class is the best one in the grade.這個(gè)班是年級(jí)中最好的。
● The whole class are listening to the teachercarefully.全班同學(xué)都在認(rèn)真地聽老師講課。
該類集體名詞作主語(yǔ),側(cè)重整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);
當(dāng)表示多個(gè)這樣的整體時(shí),也可以有自己的復(fù)數(shù)形式。側(cè)重整體中的個(gè)體成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
公式355
some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+單數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● Some of the money was spent on clothes.一些錢花在了衣服上。
公式356
some/any/all/therest/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)等+of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● All of the people have gone.所有的人都走了。
公式357
one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● Zhang Ning is one of the students who werepraised at the meeting.張寧是會(huì)議上受表?yè)P(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。
公式358
only one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
● He is the only one of players in our schoolwho has taken the first prize.他是我們學(xué)校唯一一位獲得一等獎(jiǎng)的選手。
公式359
...or.../either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but (also)...+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。
● No food or water is allowed to be taken with.不準(zhǔn)帶食物和水。
公式360
There be...
be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于與之最靠近的名詞或代詞。
● There are four chairs and two tables in theroom.房間里有四把椅子和兩張桌子。
公式361
There be肯定句式:There (+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)+be+主語(yǔ)...
be動(dòng)詞前可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,也可用助動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)。
● There is a lot of meat on the plate.盤子里有很多肉。
● There will be more serious air pollution ifpeople use more and more cars.如果人們?cè)絹?lái)越多地使用汽車,那么空氣污染將會(huì)更加嚴(yán)重。
公式362
There be否定句式:
There+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not+be
● There isn’t a telephone in the room.房間里沒有電話。
公式363
There be否定句式:
There+be+not/no+主語(yǔ)...
● There will not be any football match thisweekend.這個(gè)周末沒有任何足球比賽。
公式364
There be的一般疑問句式:Be動(dòng)詞+there
● —Are there anymagazines on the shelf?書架上有雜志嗎?
公式365
There be的一般疑問句式:助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be(+any)+主語(yǔ)...?
● Has there been an accident?出過事故嗎?
公式366
There be的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+be動(dòng)詞+there...?
● How many people are there in your family?你家有幾口人?
公式367
There be的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞(+名詞)+助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+there+be...?
● What did there use to be?那里過去有什么?
公式368
There+stand/lie/live等+主語(yǔ)...
There be句式中的be動(dòng)詞可用動(dòng)詞stand,lie, live等替換。
● There stands a temple on the top of themountain.山頂上有一座廟。
公式369
There seems(seemed)/appears(appeared)to be+主語(yǔ)...
● There seems to be a lack of communication.看起來(lái)是缺乏溝通。
公式370
強(qiáng)調(diào)句:Itis/was...that/who...
被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是指人的名詞時(shí),用who或that皆可,其他情況皆用that。
● It was Jack and Mary that/who met with afunnylooking man yesterday.昨天是杰克和瑪麗遇見了一個(gè)樣子滑稽可笑的男人。
公式371
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問句式:Is/Was it...that/who...?
● Is it your brother who works in that company?是你哥哥在那家公司工作嗎?
公式372
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問句式:特殊疑問詞+is/wasit that...?
● Why was it that he cried yesterday?他昨天究竟為什么哭?
公式373
倒裝: No/Never/Hardly/Seldom/Little等+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...
表示否定意義的詞置于句首時(shí),句子用部分倒裝。
● We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we thinkabout how they work.我們聽到笑話會(huì)笑,但是從來(lái)沒想過笑話是怎樣讓我們發(fā)笑的。
公式374
倒裝:So...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...+that...
在so... that...句式中,so...部分置于句首時(shí),主句用部分倒裝。
● So fast does light travel that we can hardlyimagine its speed.光速很快,我們幾乎沒法想象它的速度。
公式375
倒裝:Only+狀語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...
only強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。
● Only if you eat the correct foods will you beable to keep fit and stay healthy.只有合理膳食才會(huì)保持身體健康。
公式376
倒裝:Not until...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)not until...置于句首時(shí),句子/主句用部分倒裝。
● Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the familywas for him.直到離開家他才開始明白家庭對(duì)于他是多么重要。
公式377
倒裝:Not only...+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)...but also...
not only...置于句首時(shí),其所在的分句用部分倒裝。
● Not only does he do well in his lessons, buthe often helps others with their lessons.他不但自己學(xué)習(xí)好,還經(jīng)常幫助別人學(xué)習(xí)。
公式378
倒裝:Hardly had+主語(yǔ)...+when...
No sooner had+主語(yǔ)...+than....hardly,no sooner 置于句首時(shí),hardly, no sooner所在的句子用部分倒裝。
● Hardly had he uttered the words when shebegan laughing. 他剛一開口說(shuō)話,她就笑了。
公式379
倒裝:So/Neither/Nor+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適合另外一者或一者也具備另外一種情況,意為“也(不)”。前面是否定句時(shí)用neither/nor,前面是肯定句時(shí)用so;動(dòng)詞的形式與前面的句子一致。
● Jane comes from Canada. So does Mary.簡(jiǎn)來(lái)自加拿大,瑪麗也是。
公式380
倒裝:up/down/away/infront of...+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
● Up wentthe rocket.火箭升上了天。
公式381
倒裝: 分詞短語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
● Seated in the front were the guests.坐在前排的是客人。
公式382
倒裝:Here/There/Now+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
● Here comes the bus!公共汽車來(lái)了!
公式383
省略:I’dlike/love/be glad/be happy to
● —Would you like tojoin me for a quick lunch before class?你愿意課前與我一起吃頓簡(jiǎn)單的午飯嗎?
—I’d like to, but Ipromised Nancy to go out with her.我愿意,可是我已經(jīng)答應(yīng)跟南希一起出去了。
公式384
if/when/while/unless/as+分詞
● The flowers his friend gave him will dieunless watered every day.除非天天澆水,否則朋友送他的花就會(huì)死掉。
公式385
as...aspossible/sb.can 表示“盡可能……”。
● Please come as soon as possible you can.請(qǐng)盡量早來(lái)。
公式386
if necessary/possible/any/ever表示“如果有必要/可能/有/曾……”。
● —Have you got anyparticular plans for the coming holiday?對(duì)即將來(lái)臨的假期你有特別的計(jì)劃了嗎?
—Yes, if possible, I’mgoing to visit some homes for the old in the city.是的,如果可能的話,我將去這個(gè)城市的幾處老年之家看看。
公式387
Why (not) do...?why (not)后一般跟動(dòng)詞原形,很少出現(xiàn)主語(yǔ)或動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,含有較強(qiáng)的建議意味。
● Why not go and ask the teacher for help?為什么不去找老師幫忙?
● Why not relax and enjoy the fresh air?為什么不休息一下,呼吸點(diǎn)新鮮空氣呢?
公式388
主語(yǔ)+do/does/did
do替代謂語(yǔ),有人稱和時(shí)態(tài)的變化。
● John spoke German as fluently as Mary didwhen they studied in middle school.中學(xué)時(shí),約翰的德語(yǔ)說(shuō)得跟瑪麗一樣流利。
公式389
主語(yǔ)+do/does/did+so
該結(jié)構(gòu)表示同一人所做的、前面剛提到過的同一動(dòng)作,so指代剛提到過的想法、行動(dòng)、品質(zhì)、情況等。
● The teacher asked him to hand in hiscomposition at once and he did so.老師讓他立刻交上作文,他就這么做了。
公式390
主語(yǔ)+do/does/did+that/it替代前面剛剛提到的動(dòng)作,但動(dòng)詞do的主語(yǔ)與前面所提到的句子的主語(yǔ)不同。
● —Do you know whobroke the window?你知道是誰(shuí)打破的窗戶嗎?
—I heard John did that.我聽說(shuō)是約翰做的。
公式391
...that+間接引語(yǔ)
直接引語(yǔ)為陳述句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,引述動(dòng)詞主要有say,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
● He said to me, “I have left my bookin your room.”→He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告訴我他把書落在我的房間里了。
公式392
...if/whether+間接引語(yǔ)
直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為if/whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,且倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。
● “Do you like Beckham?” she said tome.→She asked me if/whether I liked Beckham.她問我是否喜歡貝克漢姆。
公式393
...whether...or+間接引語(yǔ)
直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為whether... or...引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。
● I asked him, “Will you stay athome or go to school?”→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to school.我問他是待在家里還是去上學(xué)。
公式394
...特殊疑問詞+間接引語(yǔ)
直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為由原疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,倒裝語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。
● He asked, “Where do you live?”→He asked mewhere I lived.他問我住在哪里。
公式395
...ask/tell/beg等+賓語(yǔ)+to do
直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為不定式短語(yǔ),如果祈使句為否定式,還要在不定式前加not。
● The teacher said to the students, “Be quiet,please.”→The teacher asked the students to be quiet.老師要求學(xué)生們保持安靜。
公式396
...what/how/that+間接引語(yǔ)
直接引語(yǔ)為感嘆句時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)為how, what, that等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
● She said, “What a lovely day itis!”→She said what a lovely day it was./She said that it was a lovelyday.她說(shuō)天氣很好。
公式397
“一隨主”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第一人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)的人稱變化。
● She said, “I saw him lastnight.”→She said she had seen him the night before.她說(shuō)她前一天晚上看見過他。
公式398
“二隨賓”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第二人稱代詞要按引述動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)的人稱變化。
● He said to Kate, “How is yoursister now?”→He asked Kate how her sister was then.他問凱特她妹妹那時(shí)怎么樣了。
公式399
“第三人稱不更新”原則該原則是指直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),直接引語(yǔ)中的第三人稱代詞一般不需要變化。
● Mr Smith said, “Jack is a goodworkmate.”→Mr Smith said that Jack was a good workmate.史密斯先生說(shuō)杰克是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的同事。
公式400
主語(yǔ)+did+that+主語(yǔ)+did/had done...
引述動(dòng)詞用了過去時(shí)態(tài),直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)要相應(yīng)地變?yōu)檫^去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。
● “I never get up before 8 a.m. on Sundays,” he said.→He said that he never got up before 8 a.m. onSundays.他說(shuō)他星期天上午從未在8點(diǎn)之前起床。
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