昨天，小簡(jiǎn)老師和大家分享了人教版必修3Unit4常考單詞、高頻短語(yǔ)和寫(xiě)作句式，今天我們來(lái)一起做做這個(gè)單元的核心知識(shí)點(diǎn)練習(xí)吧！學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，從平時(shí)的一點(diǎn)一滴做起！
Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars
Ⅰ. 單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．It is obvious __what__ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations.
解析：句意：為了子孫后代，當(dāng)?shù)卣诒Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境方面所能做的事情是顯而易見(jiàn)的。It為形式主語(yǔ)，________ the local government can do to protect the environment for future generations是真正的主語(yǔ)，該主語(yǔ)從句缺少賓語(yǔ)，且表示物，故填what。
2．New technologies have made __it__ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
解析：考查it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
3．All possible means __have_been_taken__(take) to prevent the river __being_polluted__ (pollute)．
解析：考查主謂一致和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
4．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city __to_be_cheered__(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.
解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
5．The meeting was held in a lively atmosphere __where__ everybody felt to share his ideas.
解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故填where。
6．During those four years, he worked day and night, thus __improving__(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.
解析：考查v-ing形式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
7．Those reports included one case, __where/in_which__ a fire broke out and destroyed two cars，although there were no injuries.
解析：考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
8．I suppose by the time I come back in ten year's time all these old houses will __have_been_pulled__ (pull) down.
解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。
9．Sometimes he found __it__very hard to fall asleep at night, so he went to see the doctor.
解析：考查it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
10．Susan made __it__ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
解析：本題考查代詞的運(yùn)用。句意：蘇珊清楚地跟我表明她希望為自己創(chuàng)造新的生活。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以看出，該句中包含一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，而且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，that從句的內(nèi)容就是蘇珊向我表明的事情，所以后置的that從句實(shí)際上是made的真正賓語(yǔ)，故用形式賓語(yǔ)it指代that從句。
11．The manager wants to see changes in the company, and I am sure he will __in__ time.
解析：句意：經(jīng)理想要看到公司的改變，我確信他遲早會(huì)看到的。in time“及時(shí)；最后，遲早”，符合題意。
12．It remains to be seen __whether__ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
解析：本題考查名詞性從句。句意：那仍然得看新形成的委員會(huì)政策能否付諸實(shí)踐。It在此為形式主語(yǔ)，故seen后為真正的主語(yǔ)從句，又由remains to be seen可知存在不確定的意思，所以用whether是否。
13．The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a __friendly__(friend) atmosphere.
解析：句意：兩國(guó)高層領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在友好的氛圍(atmosphere)中進(jìn)行談判。
14．—Thank God you're safe!
—I stepped back, just in time __to_avoid__(avoid) the racing car.
解析：答語(yǔ)句意：我退后了一步，正好避開(kāi)了奔跑的汽車(chē)。in time to do sth.“正趕上做某事”。
15．It's said that the power plant is now twice __as__ large as what it was.
解析：本題考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。句意：據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)發(fā)電廠現(xiàn)在是過(guò)去的兩倍大。“倍數(shù)＋as...as”是倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法，意為“是……的幾倍”，其中as...as之間要用原級(jí)。
Ⅱ. 完成句子
根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列英語(yǔ)句子。
1．An exceptionally big fire __broke_out__(爆發(fā)) at midnight.Luckily, firefighters arrived just __in_time__(及時(shí)) for the rescue.
2．Atmosphere __blocks_out__(擋住) a large amount of harmful light from space.
3．__Now_that__(既然) we have finished the design, the company, __in_its_turn__(輪到), will do the construction.
4．__On_a_global_scale__(在全球范圍內(nèi)), AIDS may well become the leading cause of infant death.
5．He, as well as his sister, __was_brought_up__(被撫養(yǎng)) in the mountainous area where education facilities are far from satisfactory.
6．建議采取措施來(lái)阻止工廠排放有害氣體。
__It_is_suggested_that__measures should be taken to prevent factories from discharging harmful gases into the air.
7．地球變暖是否加劇取決于我們的活動(dòng)是否產(chǎn)生更多的二氧化碳。
Whether the global warming will become more serious __depends_on_whether__ our activities will produce more carbon dioxide.
8．大部分證據(jù)被毀了，不可能證明這種食物是有毒的了。
Most of the evidence is destroyed, __which_makes_it_impossible__to prove that the food is poisonous.
9．證人的描述太難以置信，沒(méi)有任何實(shí)際價(jià)值。
The witness's descriptions were __too__ unbelievable __to__ be of any real value.
10．沒(méi)有什么比得上一句誠(chéng)心的問(wèn)候更令人愉快了。
There is nothing __more_pleasant_than__ a cheerful word of greeting.
Ⅲ. 單句改錯(cuò)
1．She has got into the bad habit of reading in the bed, which is harmful for her eyes.
__for→to__
2．All theories come from practice and in return serve practice.
__return→turn__
3．The twin brothers stood under the tree, puzzling and saying nothing.
__puzzling→puzzled__
4．The sun heats the earth, which makes possible for plants to grow.
__makes后加it__
5．The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as larger as the present one.
__larger→large__
6．You'll succeed on time because you are always working hard.
__on→in__
Ⅳ. 教材原句
1．__What__is even more important is that__as__the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
解析：第一空考查主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故填what；第二空考查狀語(yǔ)從句，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知此處表示“伴隨”。
2．According to a widely__accepted__(accept) theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang”__that/which__threw matter in all directions.
解析：第一空考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)修飾theory，且accept與theory之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填accepted；第二空考查定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)且指物，故填that/which。
3．It was not immediately obvious__that__water was to be fundamental__to__the development of life.
解析：第一空考查主語(yǔ)從句，it為形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語(yǔ)；第二空考查固定短語(yǔ)，be fundamental to 意為“是……的基礎(chǔ)”。
4．As a result__of__this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot __to_live__(live) on.
解析：第一空考查固定短語(yǔ)；第二空考查“too...to...”結(jié)構(gòu)。
5．__Whether__life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句。從句中不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知答案是whether。
6．__What__many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve__harmful__ (harm) gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
解析：第一空考查主語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)；第二空考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換，修飾名詞，故填形容詞harmful。
7．They are putting too much carbon dioxide__into__the atmosphere，__which__prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.
解析：第一空考查介詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意可知填into；第二空考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)且指物，故填which。
8．Leaving the moon's gravity__was/is__(be) not as painful as leaving the earth's.
解析：考查主謂一致。動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Ⅴ. 語(yǔ)篇填空
No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a ①__widely__(wide) accepted theory, the universe began ②__with__ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.
For several billion years after ③__the__ “Big Bang”， the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What ④__it__ was to become was ⑤__uncertain__(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ⑥__when__ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent ⑦_(dá)_that__ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It ⑧__exploded__(explode) loudly with fire and rock.They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ⑨__which__ were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear ⑩__on__ its surface.
Ⅵ. 話(huà)題寫(xiě)作
用本單元所學(xué)知識(shí)完成下列句子，并按照邏輯連成短文。
1．火星上有生命嗎？不知道。我們能成功登上火星嗎？那完全取決于科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all__depends_on__the development of science and technology.
2．到目前為止，我們雖然對(duì)火星有點(diǎn)了解，但根本不夠?；鹦巧蠋缀鯖](méi)有氧氣，中午的溫度可能在50度左右，而晚上則在零下100度左右。這阻止我們?cè)谀抢锷睢?/span>
Until now we__have_known_a_little_about__Mars，but that's not enough.__There_exists__almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night and it__prevents_us_from_living_there__.
3．既然火星與地球完全不同，如果我們計(jì)劃有朝一日去火星，我們就要帶上氧氣、食物、衣服和住所。
__Now_that__Mars is quite__different_from__our earth，if we are to go to Mars__in_time__， we should take along our own oxygen, food, clothing__as_well_as__shelter.
組篇公式：將句2改為定語(yǔ)從句。
答案：
Is there life on Mars? We don't know.Can we land on Mars successfully? That all depends on the development of science and technology. Until now we have known a little about Mars, but that's not enough. There exists almost no oxygen on Mars.It might be about 50 degrees above zero at noon and 100 degrees below zero at night, which prevents us from living there. Now that Mars is quite different from our earth, if we are to go to Mars in time, we should take along our own oxygen，food，clothing as well as shelter.
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