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挪威(一)奧斯陸 維格蘭雕塑公園
 

挪威(一)奧斯陸 維格蘭雕塑公園 

國外——北歐四國 2010-08-29 10:20:45

        到挪威首都奧斯陸第一個(gè)就去看維格蘭雕塑公園。從家出來的時(shí)候,好友藝術(shù)家再三說到奧斯陸一定要去雕塑公園,一定要把那些精美的雕塑多多地拍些回來。他們也來過,就是趕上了大雨,未能在這里仔細(xì)的欣賞,所以一定要我們補(bǔ)上他們的缺憾。

     維格蘭雕塑公園在挪威首都奧斯陸的西北角,有一座占地 50 公頃的公園,園內(nèi)繁花綠茵,小溪淙淙。公園有 192 座雕塑,總計(jì)有 650個(gè)人物雕像。從公園的大門開始,沿著850 米的中軸線,依次是石橋、噴泉、圓臺(tái)階、生死柱。

        石橋兩側(cè)各有 29 座彼此對(duì)稱的銅雕。石橋兩邊的護(hù)欄上,安放著反映日常生活的 58 座青銅雕像,塑造了許多青年男女和兒童。體格雄健的男子、綽約多姿的少女和純真無邪的兒童組成了大組群雕。它們有的在盡情地跳舞,有的在談情說愛,也有丈夫打罵妻子兒女的……維格蘭在這組雕像群中,穿插了一個(gè)新的主題思想——父親與孩子們?cè)谝黄稹O鄠?20 世紀(jì)初期,在西方男人們的心目中,料理家務(wù)、養(yǎng)兒育女和經(jīng)營“后方”乃是妻子們的事。他們一方面向往成家立業(yè),另一方面卻又不甘心陷入家庭生活的網(wǎng)套。他們厭煩婚后的生活,企圖掙脫妻子兒女們的糾纏。但現(xiàn)實(shí)生活像一團(tuán)團(tuán)亂麻,剪不斷,理還亂,將他們和家人盤繞在一起。最引人注目的是一尊嚎啕大哭的小男孩雕像,只見他跺著雙腳,揮動(dòng)著胳膊,仿佛尋求父母之愛。這個(gè)孩子問世后得到世界各國到這里的游客關(guān)愛,個(gè)個(gè)都要和他合影,個(gè)個(gè)都要對(duì)他撫愛,讓你很難找到他一個(gè)人發(fā)脾氣的時(shí)候。說是人們愛他過分,這個(gè)男孩被不知名的關(guān)愛人偷偷地帶回家不給送回來,現(xiàn)在看的這個(gè)不知道是第幾個(gè)復(fù)制品啦。

       那 噴泉四角,各有5 幅樹叢雕,四壁為浮雕,中央是托盤群雕。六個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的男人奮力托起石盆,石盆泉水四溢。這水象征財(cái)富,這石盆象征著生活的艱辛,男人只有撐得起生活的重?fù)?dān)才能享受人生的歡樂。噴泉下面的四壁是浮雕,從嬰兒出世開始,經(jīng)過童年、少年、青年、壯年、老年,直到死亡,反映人生的全過程。而四 角的樹叢雕,一角是天真活潑的兒童,一角是情思奔放的青年,一角是勞累艱苦的壯年,一角是垂暮臨終的老年,組成人生的四幅畫面。

        圓臺(tái)階周圍是勻稱的 36 座花崗巖石雕,中央高聳著生死柱。全部雕像,形成幾幅美麗的幾何圖案,勻稱和諧,渾然一體。圓臺(tái)階的 36 座石雕,也是從嬰兒出生開始的,依次環(huán)行,漸漸看到人生各個(gè)時(shí)期的形象:孩子們?cè)谧矫圆兀倌陚冊(cè)谂ご蛲嫠?,情人在竊竊私語,老人們熬度暮年,環(huán)繞一周,到第 36 座死亡球塔為止。圓臺(tái)階中心的生死柱,無論在藝術(shù)技巧上,或是思想內(nèi)容上,都算得上維格蘭最具代表性的杰作。它是維格蘭花費(fèi) 14 年心血雕成的。石柱高達(dá) 17 米,周圍上下刻滿了 121 個(gè)裸體男女浮雕。柱上死者慘相目不忍睹,有夭折的嬰兒,不幸的青年,披頭散發(fā)的婦女,骨瘦如柴的老人。這根“生死柱”描繪了世人不滿于人間生活而向“天堂”攀登時(shí),相互傾軋和相互扶掖的情景。人們有的沉迷,有的警醒,有的掙扎,有的絕望,組成了一個(gè)陡峭上升的旋律。

        公園的盡頭是生命輪,四個(gè)大人和三個(gè)小孩手腳相連成為一環(huán)。象征人類生生不息,也代表著奧斯陸打頭那個(gè)字母O。

        這公園的杰作全部出于挪威的雕塑家古斯塔夫.維格蘭之手。維格蘭1869年生于挪威的農(nóng)民家庭,25歲就舉辦個(gè)人雕塑展覽,1907年創(chuàng)作了這個(gè)公園的噴泉雕塑,1924年,奧斯陸政府在公園給他修建了一個(gè)塔樓作住宅兼工作室,劃出公園的大片土地讓他安排他的作品。交換的條件是這些作品要全部獻(xiàn)給奧斯陸。維格蘭從此在在此一干就是二十多年,創(chuàng)造了現(xiàn)在雕塑園這些舉世無雙的人生旅途之作。1943年維格蘭死后,骨灰就留在這公園塔樓,現(xiàn)在這里是維格蘭的博物館。可惜旅游團(tuán)沒有安排去參觀。

1    公園大門                                                                                                                                                 -

2   古斯塔夫.維格蘭像                                                                                                                                             -

3   婦女和蜥蜴                                                                                                                                                          - 

4    石橋                                                                                                                                                           -

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26    生氣的小男孩,手都被人摸的錚亮                                                                                                                   -

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32    噴泉                                                                                                                                                        -

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37    圓臺(tái)階和生死柱                                                                                                                                               -

38    生死柱                                                                                                                                                                -

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40    圓臺(tái)階雕塑                                                                                                                                                        -

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50    生命環(huán)                                                                                                                                                    -

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