語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目
構(gòu) 成
用 法
象 征 詞
規(guī)則變化
不規(guī)則變化
例 句
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
動(dòng)詞用原形
三人稱單數(shù)-s / es
表示經(jīng)常性的
動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
Every often always on 天 in月、季、節(jié)、年。
一般-s –es 輔音＋y---ies
have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)
Be—was/ were
表過(guò)去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及狀態(tài)
ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等
一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－ied
go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等
He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原
在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間或
某段時(shí)要做的事
tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用進(jìn)行表將來(lái)
Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
be＋doing
表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
listen look now
all the time Don’t…
一般去e 雙寫(xiě)
+ing
tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing
Tom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行
have / has +PP
have/has been+doing
發(fā)生在過(guò)去影響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等
含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever
分詞規(guī)則的同過(guò)去式是一樣的
不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶
I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days.
.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
was / were +doing
多用于復(fù)合句中
表在過(guò)去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening
一般去e 雙寫(xiě)
+ing
tie die lie –
變ie為y加ing
He was reading at that time
last Friday
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
had+動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞
多用于復(fù)合句中
該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去
by the time＋過(guò)去時(shí)
when after before
規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過(guò)去時(shí)一樣的
需要逐個(gè)記憶
詳見(jiàn)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表
We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
would + V 原形
多用賓語(yǔ)從句中
過(guò)去看來(lái)將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)
He said that he… the next day .
He said that he would come here the next day .
比較級(jí)形式
形容副詞名詞
后--er 前加more
名詞比較用more
表示兩個(gè)人、物
之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)
than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等
一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－ier
good/well —better
much/many—more
She is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .
最高級(jí)形式
形容副詞名詞
后-est 前加most
名詞比較用most
大于等于三個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較
in the ＋比較范圍
of the 具體的數(shù)字
一般/去e 雙寫(xiě)/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iest
bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthest
She is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高級(jí)加the)
動(dòng)詞不定式
to do沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化
作主語(yǔ)
To read is helpful for anybody now .
作賓語(yǔ)
He wants to buy a dictionary.
作賓補(bǔ)
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.
作表語(yǔ)
His job is to take care of children .
作狀語(yǔ)
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .
作定語(yǔ)
He has much homework
to do every day .
主從復(fù)合句
狀語(yǔ)從句
句子作狀語(yǔ) （時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較）
He was writing a letter when I came in。
賓語(yǔ)從句
句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí)）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.
定語(yǔ)從句
句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday
主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
與
被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+ 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)作承受者
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+be PP + by賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)作承受者 + be PP + by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒(méi)有可以省to 的不定式
We speak English .
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
English is spoken by us
賓改主 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be PP 主by 賓
主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be pp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被
PP 是及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞加ed 或不規(guī)則詳見(jiàn)表
被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等 )
