一.否定句 1.句中有系動詞be或情態(tài)動詞can ,may ,must或助動詞will, have, had等詞的,應在其后加not. *句中有some , already的,將其變?yōu)閍ny, yet 舉例: There are some people in the park. There are not(或aren't) any people in the park. We have already learned English for five years. We have not (或haven't) learned English for five years yet. *already變否定用yet,同時一般放句后。 注意have詞性,看have是助動詞,還是實義動詞。如果是實義動詞,要用助動詞do的否定式。 舉例: He has breakfast at six in the morning. He does not have breakfast at six in the morning. 2.句子中的謂語動詞為實義動詞時,則在動詞前加don’t(doesn’t, didn’t), 原來的動詞恢復原形。這類句子經(jīng)??嫉闹^語動詞是have和do。 需掌握以下技巧: 舉例: He does (did) her homework everyday(yesterday). He doesn’t( didn't) do her homework everyday (yesterday). 注意:在上句中,原謂語動詞(即,實意動詞does)前加否定助動詞doesn't, 原謂語動詞does 變?yōu)樵?do(注意do的詞性)。 舉例: She has (had) a meeting today (yesterday). She doesn’t (didn't) have a meeting today (yesterday). 注意:這里的has或 had 要變?yōu)樵蝖ave 3.had better句型是考試的重點內(nèi)容之一。 它常與主語縮寫,如you'd ,這種縮寫只要看后面有沒有better, 即為had, 切忌誤認為would。 had better句型意思為“最好-----, 還是----好”,常有告誡、勸告、催促之意,其后接不帶to 的不定式,即動詞原形。它的否定形式, 一定要把not放在better后面。 had better +動詞原形------(肯定式) had better not +動詞原形-----(否定式) 舉例: You'd better catch a bus.你最好趕得上車子(趕快?。。?/span> You'd better not take these seats.你還是不要做這些位置(座位) 此句型的反義疑問句是:You’d better do it now,hadn’t you?
二.祈使句改否定句
在前面直接加Don't,而不要管祈使句是以什么動詞開始。
舉例:
Look out of the window.
Don’t look out of the window.
考試中常出現(xiàn)以do, have, be開頭的祈使句變?yōu)榉穸ň?。改寫這樣的句子,應在do (或have和 be) 前加助動詞don't, 切忌在do (have, be) 后面直接加not
舉例:
Do it after class.
Don't do it after class.
三.復合句改否定句
1.復合句改否定句應掌握think、believe和 feel這三個主句謂語動詞后接賓語從句時整個句子的否定形式。這類句子改為否定句時,要對上述主句謂語動詞進行否定,但否定意思轉(zhuǎn)移到后面的賓語從句。
舉例:
I think he will go there tomorrow.
I don't think he will go there tomorrow.
漢語的意思是“我想他明天不會去那里”,千萬不要譯“我不想他明天去那里”。更不要把英語句子改成 I think he won’t(嚴重錯誤)go there tomorrow.大錯特錯。
2.含有both詞語的句子改否定句
陳述句含有both+名詞或者both of +名詞或代詞賓格作主語時,改寫否定句要用neither 替代both,注意把謂語動詞復數(shù)形式改寫為單數(shù)形式。
舉例:
Both of them learn English in that school.
Neither of them learns English in that school.
句中含有 both A and B改否定句時,要將其改為 neither A nor B, 其謂語動詞根據(jù)nor后面的名詞的數(shù)做相應變化。
both A and B——變否定—— neither A nor B
舉例:
Both Mary and Jim are students.
Neither Mary nor Jim is a student.
四.陳述句改寫成一般疑問句
除遵循be、will、情態(tài)動詞(can、may、must)提前以及實義動詞前加do(does, did)以外,還要注意以下技巧:
1.陳述句有some, something的,應改為any, anything。
但是,some與其它詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配不要變化。
舉例:
do some shopping/ cooking/ listening/ washing/ reading等。
舉例:
There is some oil on the plate.
Is there any oil on the plate?
Alice does some reading every night.
Does Alice do some reading every night?
2.陳述句主語為第三人稱單數(shù) 時,且謂語動詞是has 或had(不表示“有”的含義,而屬其它含義時),或者謂語動詞是does或did (表示“做,干”的含義),則句前需要加助動詞does (did) 構(gòu)成一般疑問句,并且實義動詞應變?yōu)樵?have、do 或者其他動詞原形 。
舉例:
He usually has lunch at 11:30.
Does he usually have lunch at 11:30 ?
Mary sang a beautiful song in the last party.
Did Mary sing the beautiful song in the last party?
五.改寫成特殊疑問句。
特殊疑問句由“疑問句 + 一般疑問句”構(gòu)成,改寫這種句子應把握兩個關鍵,一是選準疑問詞;二是將疑問詞后的句子變成一般疑問句。注意以下技巧:
1.對于時間劃線用
what time ——(具體時間,如at 9:00)
how long ——(一段時間,如since 2000, for two days)
how often——( 頻率時間,如once a year)
how soon——( 將來時間,如in a month)。
如:We have lived here since 1986.
-----How long have you lived here?
2.對于職業(yè)劃線用what.
舉例:
Henry is an English teacher.
What is Henry?
3.對距離劃線用how far,對長度劃線用how long,注意二者不能互換。
舉例:
He travelled nearly ten thousand kilometers.
How far did he travel ?
The Yellow River is 5464 kilometres long.
How long is the Yellow River?
4. 對數(shù)量劃線用how many (后面跟可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)),how much(后面可跟不可數(shù)名詞,也可單獨作句子成份)
舉例:
There are four persons in our office.
How many persons are there in your office?
This book is six dollars.
How much is this book?
5.對其它部分劃線的見以下的例子:
對日期提問:It’s December 31 today.
What’s the date today?
對顏色提問:The tree is green.
What colour is the tree?
對年齡提問:My nephew is about four.
How old is your nephew?
對姓名提問:My name is Helen.
What’s your name?
對事物、事情提問:
They are going to visit the Great wall next week.
What are they going to do next week?
對班級提問:We’re in Class One, Grade Three.
What class(grade) are you in?
或Which class(或grade) are you in ?
對重量提問:I want a kilo of meat.
----How much meat do you want?
對地點提問:He works in a school.
Where does he work?
對星期提問:It’s Wednesday today.
What day is it today?
對方式提問:I usually come to school on foot.
----How do you usually come to school?
對原因提問:My face turned red because I told my teacher a lie.
Why did your face turn red?
六.改寫成反意疑問句。
反意疑問句由“陳述句 + 簡略問句”構(gòu)成,當陳述句為肯定句時,簡略問句為否定形式,反之亦然。
關鍵抓住三點:
1)是簡略問句的動詞應與陳述句的動詞相對應,并采用一般疑問句的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的形式
2)是簡略問句的主語一般用代詞,不再重復陳述句的名詞
3)是陳述句中如存在某些具有否定意義的詞( hardly, few、little、seldom…等),簡略問句應為肯定形式。這是改寫反意疑問句的一般技巧。另外除需熟悉一般情況外,更應掌握特殊情況。
特殊情況 :
簡單句的附加簡略問句
1)陳述句部分為there be結(jié)構(gòu),附加的簡略問句為be (not) there?
例:There are not any people living here , is there?
絕不能因為any people為主語而用are they等。
2)陳述句為I am ,附加的簡略問句為aren’t I .
例:I’ mtaller than you, aren’t I.
不能用am not I .這是特殊用法。
3)陳述句主語為everybody , everyone , somebody ,someone , nobody , no one , none等時,附加簡略問句的主語用be和they
例:Nobody was looking for me, were they .
如果陳述句中有nobody, no one, none時,附加簡略問句要用肯定形式。
4)陳述中的主語為everything ,something ,anything ,nothing時,附加的簡略問句主語用be和it .
例:Everything is ready for the party, isn’t it?
七.改寫成感嘆句
1陳述句改感嘆句
感嘆句的基本句型結(jié)構(gòu)有兩種,即:
How + 形容詞或副詞 + (主語 + 謂語) !
What + a(或an) + 形容詞 + 單、復數(shù)名詞 + (主語 + 謂語) !
注:a(或an) + 形容詞,這部分可省。
感嘆句中的主語和謂語可省略,但不可以顛倒順序。
關鍵就在于看句中詞性之間的關系。
總的原則是:what(后接名詞)
how(后接形容詞或副詞)
改寫感嘆句時首先對被改寫的陳述句進行分析
若是副詞修飾謂語動詞(則用how 改寫)。
舉例:
He works hard .(副詞hard修飾謂語動詞works,故用how改寫)
How hard he works!
若句中有形容詞,要看形容詞是作表語(就用how改寫),還是作定語修飾名詞(就用what改寫)。
如:The Chinese tea tastes nice .(nice是表語,故該用how改寫)
How nice the Chinese tea tastes!
Jenny is a beautiful girl . (名詞短語a beautiful girl,故用what改寫)
What a beautiful girl Jenny is .
記住,選用what a (an) 時后接的名詞應為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),若后接不可數(shù)名詞只能用what改寫。還要觀察形容詞是否修飾名詞,也可以觀察名詞后有無謂語,如果沒有謂語,則應選用what或what a (an), 如果有謂語則選用how
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