1. Introduction
Logbook (航海日志) is used to record (記錄) the full, daily events occurring during the ship's stay in a harbour (港口), at anchorage (錨地), or underway.
It is a legal record required by law. It may be requested to produce evidences (證據(jù)) in case of official inquiries about accidents. Therefore everything recorded in it must be true and accurate (精確的).
In case a mis-entry (填寫錯誤) has been made in the log, a red line should be drawn on the parts and the correct entry with signature(簽名) should be made near or above them. No erasures or cuts are to be allowed.
Contents to be entered in the logbook include:
the information and evidences relating to accidents, disputes or the execution of regulations or contracts, etc., to owners, marine authorities, insurance companies, courts and consignees or shippers, etc.
the records about the navigation, the cargo work, the various states of running vessels for obtaining ship's speed, leeway under various wind force and directions, kind of cargo, loading and unloading rates at various ports and summarization of weather and current trends in certain districts in various seasons. But this purpose is getting less important nowadays.
2. Special language in logbook
1) Past tense (記載航海日志一般都用過去時)
Dropped anchor.
2) Ellipsis (記載航海日志，常使用省略句)
(Stevedores) Resumed cargo work．
Steering gear (was) unable.
3) Abbreviation (單詞的縮寫)
a. 采用符號
“．”表示省略了其后的字母，如arr．= arrival，temp．= temperature；
“／”代表of，and，or等，如B／H = bill of health，H／A = half ahead；
“ ’ ”代表其中間字母的省略，如 p’d = passed，var‘ly = variously；
“ф”表示anchor，如фage = anchorage，фed = anchored。
b. 利用首字母
E．R．= engine room, F．W．E．= finished with engine
c. 取用首字節(jié)
nav = navigational, capt =captain
d. 選用主要輔音字母, 省略元音
brg=bearing, plt= pilot
3. Useful Abbreviations Used in the Logbook
ab'm= abeam 正橫
ab't=about 大約
a/c=altered course 改向，轉(zhuǎn)向
AF=astronomical fix 天文船位
ah'd=ahead 在前，向前
anche=anchorage 錨地
AP= anchor position 錨位
A.P.T.=after peak tank 尾尖艙
B=bearing 方位
brg.=bearing 方位
B.W.E.=breakwater entrance 防波堤入口
C=course 航向
CA=course of advance 前進航向
CB=compass bearing 羅經(jīng)方位
CC=compass course 羅航向
C.E.=compass error 羅經(jīng)差
CF=combined fix 聯(lián)合船位
com'ced=commenced 開始
Co's=company's 公司的
Dev.=deviation 自差
dist.=distance 距離
D.O.P.=drop off pilot 下引航員
D. R. =dead reckoning 推算
E.R.=Engine room 機艙
F=fore 船頭，在船頭
F.O.=Fuel oil 燃油
F.W.=Fresh water 淡水
F/W eng.=Finished with engine 完車
GC=Gyro-compass course 陀螺航向
GB=Gyro-compass bearing 陀螺方位
G.E.=Gyro-compass error 陀螺差
Hdg.=heading 船首向
I./ Is./Id=island 島嶼
kn.=knot 節(jié)
L=log reading 計程儀讀數(shù)
Lat.=latitude 緯度
L.H.=Light-house 燈塔
LMT=local mean time 地方時
Long.=longitude 經(jīng)度
Lt=light 燈標(biāo)
L/T=long ton 長噸
L.V.=light vessel 燈船
Mt.=mount 山頭
obs'd=observed 觀測
pcs.=pieces 件、個、塊
p'd=passed 通過
posn.=position 船位
pt.=point 小岬，海角
Q'tine=quarantine 檢疫
RF=radar fix 雷達船位
vis.=visibility 能見度，能見距離
W/T= Water-tight 水密的
R/O eng.=rang off engine 主機定速
S/B eng. =stood by engine 備車
s/c=set course 定向
SF=satellite fix 衛(wèi)導(dǎo)船位
SP=sounding position 測深船位
str.=strait 海峽
t=ton 噸
TB=true bearing 真方位
TC=true course 真航向
T.D.=tween-deck 二層甲板
TF=terrestrial fix 陸測船位
Var.=variation 磁差
var.=variable 不定的，易變的
vents.= ventilators 通風(fēng)筒
△C =compass error 羅經(jīng)差
△G =gyro-compass error 陀螺差
△ L %=log error 計程儀改正率
4. Example 例子
0030 Notified(通知) E.R. to change oil, R/O eng.
0045 Obs'd A L.H. on 065°(G), B L.H. 343°(G), △G-0°.2, a/c to 156°(T), 156°.2 (G), 161°.5 (M), △C-5°.5, set log (放計程儀). L0'.0, △L+1%.
0230 Radar caught (測得) Y id. on 066°(T), 12'.6 off, L18'.2.
0400 Loran fix (羅蘭船位): Lat. 38°21'.2N, Long. 122°05'.7E, L33'.5. Fine, moderate breeze (和風(fēng)), slight sea (輕浪)(signed by 2/O)
0540 AF: Lat. 38°06'.3N, Long. 122° 16'.2E, L50'.5.
0552 Sunrise (日出), obs'd sunrise azimuth (方位) 088°(G), consulted table (查表) & found 087°.8 (T), . △ G-0°.2, switched off navigation lights.
0640 A vessel crossed ah'd of me, ab't 6'.0 off.
0800 Loran fix: Lat. 37°45'.8N, Long. 122°30'.5E, L74'.0. Clear, moderate breeze, slight sea. (signed 簽名 by C/O)
0850 Obs'd Z Mt. on 185°(G), J is. on 211°(G), M Mt. on 257°(G), △G-0°.2, L81'.8.
0900 Ventilators (通風(fēng)筒) trimmed (調(diào)整) windward (上風(fēng)) on & leeward (下風(fēng)) back. Hands engaged in putting store room in order (整理).
1038 TF: Z Mt. on 275°(G), H is. on 303°(G), M Mt. on 252°(G), △G-0°.2, a/c to 182°(T), 182°.2(G), 187°.3(M), △ C-5°.3, L100'.1.
1200 RF: Z cape (海角; 岬) dist 13'.8, M is. dist. 12'.8, L114'.0. Clear, gentle breeze (微風(fēng)), sea slight (signed by 3/O)
1300 Overtook M.V. 'XX' on my port side ab't 3'.
1400 TF: M L.H. on 276°(G), Z is. On 319°(G) △G-0°.2, L133'.2.
1600 Loran fix: Lat. 36°31'.0 N, Long. 122°44'.0 E, L154'.0. Fair, gentle breeze, sea smooth(小浪), (signed by 2/O)
1750 Sunset (日落), obs'd sunset azimuth 281°(M), found 275°.6(T), △C-5°.4. Switched on navigation lights.
1800 Loran fix: Lat. 36°10'.1N, Long. 122°43'.0 E, L175'.2.
1930 At Lat. 35°55'.5N, Long. 122°43'.0E, fog set in (下霧, 起霧), informed (通知) E.R. to make eng. ready .
1932 Reduced speed to slow ah'd, sounded as per regulations (按章鳴放霧號), switched on radar and VHF, called master and assigned (指派) lookout.
1935 Captain came on bridge, sailor (水手)x x assigned on head for lookout.
2000 Loran fix: lat. 35°52'.2N, Long. 122°42'.4E, L193',3. Continuously (不斷地) adopted measures (采取措施)to navigate in fog. Foggy(有霧的), gentle breeze, smooth sea. (signed by C/O)
2030 Change of lookout, sailor x x carried on.
2130 Change of lookout, sailor x x took over.
2215 Vis. took a favourable turn (好轉(zhuǎn)), half ah'd.
2230 Fog cleared up (霧消散), full ah'd, R/O eng., canceled (取消)lookout and switched off radar and VHF. Loran fix: Lat. 35°34'.8N, Long. 122°41'. 1E, L211 '.0.
2400 Loran fix: Lat. 35°19'.8N, Long. 122°40'.5E, L226'.3. Cloudy, gentle breeze, smooth sea. (signed by 3/O)
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