一、when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),從句用于表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的特定時(shí)間。如:
The days get longer when spring comes. =When spring comes, the days get longer.
春天到來(lái)時(shí),白天變得更長(zhǎng)了。
二、before“在……之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句動(dòng)作之前。如:
Close the door before you leave the room.
離開(kāi)房間前關(guān)上門。
三、after“在……之后”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。如:
I went to school after I finished mybreakfast.
吃完早飯后我就去上學(xué)了。
四、assoon as“一……就……”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),表示主句動(dòng)作緊接著從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。如:
I’ll call you as soon as I get home.
我一到家就給你打電話。
五、until,till“直到”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句常用肯定形式;當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),主句要用否定形式,即“not…until/till…”意為“直到……才……”。如:
I’ll wait here until/till the rain stops.
我將在這里等著,直到雨停。
You can’t go home until/till you finishyour work.
直到你完成你的工作,你才能回家。
下面再向大家透露點(diǎn)兒內(nèi)幕消息,狀語(yǔ)從句的兩手絕活——時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)和從句的位置。請(qǐng)看:
一、時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)
一般來(lái)講,復(fù)合句都要遵循主、從句時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)規(guī)律,狀語(yǔ)從句也不例外。即主句用現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句也用現(xiàn)在時(shí);主句用過(guò)去時(shí),從句也用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如:
Be careful when you cross the road.
過(guò)馬路時(shí)要小心。
You must see the doctor if you are ill.
如果你生病了,你必須去看醫(yī)生。
主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如:
When he was seven years old, he could swim.
當(dāng)他七歲時(shí)就會(huì)游泳。
She turned off the light before she leftthe office.
她離開(kāi)辦公室前就關(guān)了燈。
二、主從句的位置。
大多數(shù)情況下,從句可以位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。不過(guò)從句在前時(shí),主從句之間必須用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如:
Please tell me when he comes back. = Whenhe comes back, please tell me.
說(shuō)到when引導(dǎo)的從句"data-id="link-to-so">時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,不得不提起as和while
一、when可以和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用,也可以和短暫性動(dòng)詞連用;而while和as只能和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。
① Whydo you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?(get為短暫性動(dòng)詞)你已經(jīng)找到如此好的工作,為何還想再找新的?
②Sorry,I was out when you called me.(call為短暫性動(dòng)詞)對(duì)不起,你打電話時(shí)我剛好外出了。
③Strikewhile the iron is hot.(is為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,表示一種持續(xù)的狀態(tài))趁熱打鐵。
④ Thestudents took notes as they listened.(listen為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)學(xué)生們邊聽(tīng)課邊做筆記。
二、when從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前、之后或同時(shí)發(fā)生;while和as從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作必須是和主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。
1.從句動(dòng)作在主句動(dòng)作前發(fā)生,只用 when。
①Whenhe had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先發(fā)生)當(dāng)他完成作業(yè)后,他休息了一會(huì)兒。
②When Igot to the airport,theguests had left.(gotto后發(fā)生)當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí),客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
2.從句動(dòng)作和主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,且從句動(dòng)作為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),when,while,as都可使用。
①When /While /As we were dancing,a stranger came in.(dance為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)我們跳舞時(shí),一位陌生人走了進(jìn)來(lái)。
②When /While /As she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.(make為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞)當(dāng)她在打電話時(shí),我正在寫信。
3.當(dāng)主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行,從句動(dòng)作的時(shí)間概念淡化,而主要表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或條件時(shí),只能用 as。這時(shí),as常表示“隨著……”;“一邊……,一邊……”之意。
① Asthe time went on,theweather got worse.(as表示“隨著……”之意)
② Theatmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.隨著高度的增加,大氣越來(lái)越稀薄。
③Asyears go by,Chinais getting stronger and richer.隨著時(shí)間一年一年過(guò)去,中國(guó)變得越來(lái)越富強(qiáng)了。
④Thelittle girls sang as they went.小姑娘們一邊走,一邊唱。
⑤Thesad mother sat on the roadside,shouting as she was crying.傷心的媽媽坐在路邊,邊哭邊叫。
4.在將來(lái)時(shí)從句中,常用when,且從句須用一般時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。
①Youshall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.在我讀完這本書后,你可以借閱。
②Whenthe manager comes here for a visit next week,Ill talk with him about this.下周,經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí),我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/span>
三、when用于表示“一……就……”的句型中(指過(guò)去的事情)。
sb.had hardly(=scarcely) done sth.when...=Hardly/ Scarcely had sb.done sth.when...
①I hadhardly /scarcelyclosed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.=Hardly / Scarcely had I closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.我剛一閉上眼,就有人在敲門了。
②I hadhardly /scarcelyentered my room when the telephone rang.=Hardly /Scarcelyhad I entered my room when the telephone rang.我剛一走進(jìn)房門,電話就響了
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