展開余文老師走了進(jìn)來(lái)，后面跟著一群學(xué)生。
7)目的狀語(yǔ)
In order to catch up with the others，I must work harder．
為了趕上其他人，我必須更努力學(xué)習(xí)。
I went there to see a friend of mine．我去那里看我的一個(gè)朋友。
8)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately．他累極了，立刻就睡著了。
We arrived there only to find an empty room.
我們到了那兒只發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)空房間。
9)讓步狀語(yǔ)
She works very hard though she is old．
雖然她年紀(jì)大了，但她仍然十分努力工作。
No matter when you come，you are warmly welcomed．
不管你什么時(shí)候來(lái)，都?xì)g迎。
10)程度狀語(yǔ)
They were greatly moved to hear the hero’s story．
聽了英語(yǔ)的故事，他們深受感動(dòng)。
I quite agree with you．我完全同意你的意見。
11)比較狀語(yǔ)
I am taller than he is．我比他高。
The more I speak English，the better I’ll be．我越多講英語(yǔ)，就講得越好。
句子成分練習(xí)
指出下列句中畫線部分的詞性及在句中的作用
1. Tonight we have something special for dinner．
2. a. Thank you for years of your valuable service
b. She keeps her jewels, money and other valuables in the bank
3. He is a very fine musician．
4. a. The farmer enjoys the beauty of the long stretch of his land.
b. My wool sweater stretched when I washed．
5. a. I had a sharp pain in my back．
b. The meeting starts at 3 o’clock sharp.
6. a. Sound travels at 1,000 feet per second．
b. Your idea sounds a good one.
c. Old as Mary is，she still enjoys sound health
7. a. Father booked three seats on a plane．
b. Tom bought the tickets at the booking office outside the cinema．
8. a. On his way home he bought some apples at fruit stand．
b. The injured driver can hardly stand the pain any longer
c .This book stands high in my opinion．
9. To construct a reservoir is an important government project
10. a. Lovely Christmas presents are placed on the floor around a tree．
b. When George left office, the director presented him with a silver teapot．
c. We learn from the past, experience the present, and hope for success in the future.
第二章 句子
第一節(jié) 簡(jiǎn)單句
簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型
英語(yǔ)句子的主要特征是：是句子就必須含有主、謂。英語(yǔ)簡(jiǎn)單句有以下五種基本句型。
1．主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(簡(jiǎn)稱，主系表)
系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)構(gòu)成名詞性合成謂語(yǔ)；可作表語(yǔ)的有名詞、名詞所有格、代詞主格或賓格、名詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式和從句等。
She is a student．(名詞)她是個(gè)學(xué)生。
He seems a clever boy．他似乎是個(gè)聰明的男孩。
She looks like her mother．(介詞短語(yǔ))她樣子象她母親。
The film is moving．(現(xiàn)在分詞)這影片令人感動(dòng)。
This shirt is not yours，but hers．(名詞性物主代詞)
這件襯衫不是你的，是她的。
2．主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（簡(jiǎn)稱，主謂）
The sun rises．太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)了。
He has just come．他剛來(lái)。
3．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)稱，主謂賓）
We love our motherland．我們熱愛祖國(guó)。
she reads newspapers after supper．她晚飯后讀報(bào)。
I like swimming．我喜歡游泳。
Li Ping wants to be a doctor．李平想當(dāng)醫(yī)生。
4．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)（簡(jiǎn)稱，主謂雙賓）
直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)又叫雙賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)指物，間接賓語(yǔ)指人。二者沒有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系。要求跟雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞可分為兩類：
(1）give，show，send，pass，hand，lend，post，serve，read，take，write，tell，teach．return，wish，allow，offer，promise，throw等。(sth. to sb.)
I lent her a novel．= I lent a novel to her. 我借給她一本小說(shuō)。
Please show her your photos．= Please show your photos to her.
請(qǐng)把你的照片給她看看。
(2)buy，do, make，find，build, choose，cut，draw, earn，gather，paint，pick, prepare get，order，sing，spare等。(sth. for sb.)
Her mother bought her a red skirt．
= Her mother bought a red skirt for her．
她母親給她買了一條紅裙子。
Please do me a favor．= Please do a favor for me． 請(qǐng)幫個(gè)忙。
5．主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)(簡(jiǎn)稱，主謂復(fù)合賓)
有些動(dòng)詞帶一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)意思不完整，還需要一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明，意思才完整。賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系。雙賓語(yǔ)之間則沒有邏輯的主謂關(guān)系。
可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞類有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞和介詞短語(yǔ)。
常見的要求帶賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：make，elect，choose，call，name，leave，find, keep, think, set, let，see，show，ask，tell，invite，want，wish，advise，get，force，oblige，allow，permit，like，encourage，order，expect，prefer，hate，persuade等。
Her parents named her Mary．(名詞)父母給她取名瑪麗。
Do you find life hard here?(形容詞)你感覺這兒的生活艱苦嗎?
I’m so glad I found you in．(副詞)我很高興你在家。
I strongly advised him not to do so．(不定式)我竭力勸他不要這樣做。
Suddenly I felt the atmosphere grow tense．
(不帶to 的不定式)我突然感到氣氛緊張起來(lái)。
I noticed him leaving the house．（-ing形式）我注意到他離開房子。
I was glad to see them so well treated．
（-ed形式）看到他們受到這樣好的待遇，我很高興。
另外，有些動(dòng)詞要求用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，名詞或形容詞作賓補(bǔ)，如：make，find，feel，think．
I feel it necessary to speak about my opinion．
(形容詞)我覺得有必要談?wù)勎业囊庖姟?br>思考題
1、什么叫雙賓語(yǔ)？
2、什么叫復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)？
3、雙賓語(yǔ)和復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)有什么區(qū)別？舉例說(shuō)明。
練習(xí)題：說(shuō)出系列各句分別是哪種句型；如果含有賓補(bǔ)，請(qǐng)劃出作賓補(bǔ)的詞語(yǔ)。
1、The old man stopped to watch the children playing．
2、She is deeply moved．
3、What I want is this．
4、She is out．
5、Her job is looking after the children．
6、I hope that you can often write me letters．
7、Allow me a few minutes to read the magazine．
8、She offered an old man her seat．
9、She wrote a letter to me．（她寫了封信給我。）
10、She wrote a letter for me．（她替我寫了封信。）
11、How do you find the dish?
12、Please ask them upstairs．
13、Will you allow me to take this magazine home?
14、I’ve never seen you look so well before．
15、He kept you wait a long time．
16、They invited me to attend the party．
17、They made Smith the president of the University．
18、Doctors recognize Johnson as a leading authority．
19、His teacher advised him to take up the piano．
20、He gave me the facts in brief
第二節(jié) 并列句
并列句包括兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又相互獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為“簡(jiǎn)單句+連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”或中間由“；”連接。
1、表示延續(xù)、并列關(guān)系的連詞有and(同，和)，so(所以，因此)，for, therefore(因?yàn)椋?，not only…but(also)(不僅……而且)，neither…nor(既不……也不)等。如：
We help them and they help us．
我們幫助他們，他們幫助我們。
He has been working hard, so he has made much progress recently.
他一直努力工作，所以他近來(lái)取得了很大進(jìn)步。
I think，therefore I exist．
我思故我在。
She not only writes her own plays, but she also acts in them．
她不僅自己編劇本，還飾演其中的角色。
He neither speaks English, nor understands it．
他既不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)，也聽不懂英語(yǔ)。
2、表示兩者之間選擇其一常用的有or(或者，否則)，otherwise(否則)，or else(否則)，either…or(不是……就是)。如：
Either he is to blame or I am．
不是他該受責(zé)，就是我該受責(zé)。
You must go to work or／or else／otherwise you’ll lose your job．
你得去上班了，要不然就要失去這份工作了。
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的并列連詞有but(但是)，yet(然而)，still(仍然)，however(然而)，while(而，可是另一方面)，whereas(而，反過(guò)來(lái))等。
He is well over seventy, but he doesn’t look at all old．
他七十多歲，但看上去一點(diǎn)兒也不老。
She trained hard all year, yet she still failed to reach her best form.
她全年艱苦訓(xùn)練，然而仍未達(dá)到自己的最佳狀態(tài)。
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream
我愛喝清咖啡而他喜歡加奶油的。
第三節(jié) 復(fù)合句
復(fù)合句由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成。從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句，賓語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句）、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。 如：
What he said is true. 他所說(shuō)的是真的。（主語(yǔ)從句）
I didn’t hear what he had said. 我沒聽見他說(shuō)的什么。（賓語(yǔ)從句）
The question is who will go there. 問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)愿意去那里。（表語(yǔ)從句）
I was about to leave，when the telephone rang．
我正準(zhǔn)備離開，電話響了。（狀語(yǔ)從句）
This is the book that I bought yesterday. 這是我昨天買的書。（定語(yǔ)從句）
名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句三大從句的具體用法下面我們要分別具體解釋。
練習(xí)：判斷下列句子是并列句還是復(fù)合句。
1. The wind blew hard; the snow fell heavily.
2. Use your head，and you’11 find the answer．
3. Do what you’ve been told，otherwise you will be punished．
4. Would you like a cup of coffee or shall we get down to business right away?
展開余文
5. He is strong，while his brother is weak．
6. He got up early，(and)yet he failed to catch the early bus．
7. He knew what he wanted，however，he didn’t know how to get it．
8. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear．
9. When we’ll have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet．
10. She is weak, while his son is strong．
11. Though he is old，(yet)he works very hard．
12. I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth．
13. I am sure that we can get there on time．
14. Do you know the man who is talking to Mr. Jack?
15. Where there is a will, there is a way.
16. Spring comes and trees turn green．
17. He doesn’t smoke，neither／nor does his brother．
18. I spoke so slowly that I could make myself understood.
第四節(jié) 名詞性從句
一、 定義
首先，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們說(shuō)出下列句各中劃線詞的詞性及語(yǔ)法作用。
Mary is a teacher.
I like English.
結(jié)論：它們都是名詞，在句中分別做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。即在英語(yǔ)中名詞的主要作用是做主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。
然后，我們一起分析下列各句中劃線部分的語(yǔ)法作用。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
結(jié)論：它們分別做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。均起到了一個(gè)名詞的作用。再者，劃線部分本身就是一個(gè)句子，故在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句統(tǒng)稱名詞性從句。
二、分類
請(qǐng)重讀上述例句并依據(jù)它們?cè)谌渲械淖饔?，說(shuō)出它們具體的從句名稱。
That Mary is a teacher is known to us all.
I know that Mary is a teacher.
The fact is that Mary is a teacher.
結(jié)論：在復(fù)合句中起主語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為主語(yǔ)從句；
起____作用的從句稱為賓語(yǔ)從句；
起表語(yǔ)作用的從句稱為____從句；
名詞性從句分三類：主語(yǔ)從句；賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句。
三、連詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三類：
1. that
2. whether/if(主要用于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句)；as if(主要用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)
3. who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why, how.
主語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
That she became monitor made us happy.
英文中有一種習(xí)慣，把that 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句用it來(lái)代替它，即it做形式主語(yǔ)，把做真正主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句放在主句之后。如：
That he will come tomorrow is certain.
=It is certain that he will come tomorrow. 再例：
It is necessary that we learn English well.
It is a pity that we can’t go shopping.
It is said that he has been to England.
whether引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句
Whether she will be our teacher is not clear.
=It is not clear whether she will be our teacher.
Whether he will succeed or not doesn’t interest me.
=It doesn’t interest me whether he will succeed or not.
wh-詞和how 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句
（who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, why均以wh開頭，故統(tǒng)稱wh-詞）
Who will be our English teacher has not been decided.
What you have said sounds reasonable.
注意：1. that在主語(yǔ)從句中不起任何語(yǔ)法作用，但不能省略。
2. if 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。
賓語(yǔ)從句
它可以作動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)，也可作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、某些介詞和某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。
that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I really believe(that)Tom was telling the truth．
I am sure that we can get there on time．
由that引起的賓語(yǔ)從句在意思上相當(dāng)于陳述句，此時(shí)that常可省去，但在以下幾種情況下，that不可省。
1)that從句被短語(yǔ)，詞組等與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分隔開時(shí)，that不可省。
They told us once again that this should never happen．
(此句中that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句被詞組once again與主句隔開，因此that不可省。)
Everyone could see，I believe, that Mike was terrified．
(句中I believe為插入語(yǔ)，故that不可省)
2)當(dāng)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)從句及以后的連接詞that不可省。
She said(that)her mother had gone abroad and that she would come back in a week.
whether，if 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I don，t know if／whether he has ever been to New York．
I wonder whether he can speak German or not．
以上例句中的whether和if(是否)都是引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的，一般情況下whether，和if可互換。但在下列情況下whether和if不可換用。
1)whether之后可緊跟or not或構(gòu)成whether．. .or not結(jié)構(gòu)，if后一般不能緊跟or not,但可構(gòu)成if．..or not結(jié)構(gòu)．
I wonder whether／if Mr．Smith has arrived or not．
I wonder whether or not Mr．Smith has arrived．(不可用if代替)
2)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只可用if而不可用whether。
I don’t care if she doesn’t smile．
3)當(dāng)該賓語(yǔ)從句為介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只可用whether而不可用if.
I’m not interested in whether you are against the proposal or not．
4)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句中出現(xiàn)了并列連詞or構(gòu)成的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只可用whether而不可用if．
He asked me whether I was a student or a teacher．
wh-詞和how 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句
I can’t imagine why he did that thing.
Please tell me where you went yesterday.
注意：1. 整個(gè)復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，其中的賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序。
2. 當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過(guò)去相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。(表示真理的和客觀事實(shí)的除外)
表語(yǔ)從句
that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
The reason was that he fell ill.
My idea is that we should spend our holiday in Qingdao.
as if 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
The question is whether it is worth doing.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
wh-詞和how 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句
Is this where he was born?
The important thing is what on earth has happened to him.
The question is who will go there.
思考題
1.主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句為什么統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句？
2.that 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句有什么異同？
3.whether 和if 在引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的區(qū)別是什么？
4.在賓語(yǔ)從句中，哪幾種情況that不能省略？在語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)方面應(yīng)注意什么？
練習(xí):
一、找出下列各復(fù)合句中的從句并說(shuō)明是什么從句，且口譯全句。
1. It is a wonder that he should know so much about this matter.
2. I’m sure that you are the tallest man in the world.
3. We are afraid that the trip will be too much for an old man．
4. It doesn’t make much difference whether they come or not.
5. Whether or not he is your friend doesn’t too much.
6. Where she has gone is not known yet．
7. You may take whatever you like．
8. He told me where he had been．
9. I know when we will take off for London．
10. How he became a three-good student is known to us a11．
11. Why he didn’t come wasn’t quite clear．
12. It happened that they went out when I called.
13. When we’11 have the sports meet hasn’t been decided yet．
14. Whom the teacher will praise in class is an important question．
15. I’m sorry that I didn’t recognize you just now.
16. We are glad that none of you failed in this exam.
17. He said that he would call on his old teacher．
18. I heard that some of the old teachers in our school had retired．
19. I want to know what has happened to her．
20. Whose answer is correct will be discussed at the meeting．
21. Which composition is the best will be decided tomorrow．
22. I was surprised at what you said．
23. Did he say anything about how the work was to be done?
24. The question is whether it worth doing.
25. The reason is that he fell ill.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．Can you tell me_____?
A. who is that gentleman B．that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D．whom is that gentleman
2．Can you tell me _____ the railway station?
A, how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D．where can I get to
3．Ask her _____ come with me．
A. if she will B．if will she
C．whether will she D．will she
4. I have no idea _____ far the airport is from here．
A．what B. how C．it’s D．that
5．They have no idea at all ______ ．
A. where he has gone B．where did he go
C. which place has he gone D．where has he gone
6．_____ he said is true．
A. What B．That C．Which D．Whether
7．_____ you have done might do harm to other people．
A．That B. What C．Which D．This
8．They want to know _____ do to help us.
A. what can they B. what they can
C. how they can D．how can they
9. These photographs will show you ______．
A．what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
C．how does our village look like D．how our village looks like
10. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights．
A. Anyone B．The person C. Whoever D．Who
11. _____ we need more practice is quite clear．
A．When B．What C. That D．／
l2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business
A．If B. Whether C. Even if D．No matter when
13．_____ he is doing seems quite difficult．
A．How B．That C．Which D. What
14． ______ that there is another good harvest this year．
A．It says B. It is said C．I was said D．He was said
15. It is suggested that a new building_____．
A. be built at once B. should build next year
C．would be built at once D. could be built next year
16．It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature．
A．makes B．is making C. should be made D．will be made
17．_____ was quite helpful．
A. What they advised me to do B．That they advised me to do
C. What did they advise me to do D．All what they advised me to do
18．_____ still needs to be discussed．
A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out
C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan is carried out
19．The question is _____ we’11 overcome all the difficulties．
A．what B. how C．that D．which
20．Shanghai is no longer the same city _____ ．
A. as it used to be B．what it used to be
C. as it is used to being D．that it used to be
21．Is it possible _____ he misunderstood _____ I said?
A．that, that B. what, what
C．what, that D. that, what
22．He thought _____ he might fail in the exam worried him．
A．which B. that C．when D．so that
23．The fact is ____ he is an advanced worker．
A．what B．which C. that D．why
24．I have no idea _____．
A. what does the word“infinity”mean
B. what the word“infinity”means
C. what the meaning of word the“infinity”
D. what the word“infinity”mean
25．I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public．
A．how B．what C．that D. why
26．Are you sure _____?
A. whether she is honest B．that she is honesty
C. she is honest D．is she honest
27．He _____ you are not going abroad．
A．surprised that B. is surprised that
C．surprised at D. is surprised whether
28. What I said was wrong in the last letter for you．I wish I ______ it back.
A. could take B. would take C．will take D．take
29．I wish I _____ yesterday’s lecture．
A．were able to attend B. had been able to attend
C．a(chǎn)ttend D. could be attending
30．Do you know what time _____ ?
A. does the football match begin B．begins the football match
C. the football match begins D．will the football match begin
31．___ will take part in the physics contest will be announced at tomorrow’s meeting．
A. Whoever B. Who C．Which D．That
32．_____ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production．
A．That’s B．This is C. It’s D．What’s
33．It seems to me _____not all the government officials are honest.
A. that B．why
C．even if D．how
34．_____ that he has written several books in the last few years．
A．It says B. It is said C．It was said D．He was said
35．_____ I was free that evening．
A．It happened to B. It happened that
C．That happened D. It is happened that
36．It is strange ______ .
A. that no one should like this book B．that no one liked this book
C. that why no one likes this book D．why no one likes this book
37．That was _____ the Party called on us to do．
A. what B．that C．how D．why
38．The trouble is ______ we are short of hands．
A．what B. that C．how D．why
39．Qingdao is no longer ______ ．
A. what it used to be B．what it used to like
C. which it used to be D．what it is used to
40. _____I can’t understand is _____ he wants to change his mind．
A．What，that B. what, why C．Which，how D．What，what
41. The reason why I have to go is ______if I don’t．
A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed
C. that she will be disappointing D. on account of her being disappointed
42. The fact _____ in the past few years proves that the reform and open policy is correct.
A. that great achievement was made
B. which great achievements were made
C. what have been made
D. that great achievements have been made
43．His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us．
A. that we go B．which we should go
C. that would go D．when we should go
44．I will give this dictionary to ____ wants to have it．
A．whomever B .whoever C．who D．whatever
45. He kept looking at the girl，wondering ______ ．
A. where he has seen her before B. where has he seen her before
C. where he had seen her before D. where had he seen her before
46. He was interested in ______ he had seen at the exhibition．
A. which B．that C. all that D. all what
47．I don’t think _____ .
A. he came to the concert yesterday true．
B. true that he came to the concert yesterday．
C. it that he came to the concert yesterday true．
D. it true that he came to the concert yesterday．
48．I did ______ I could ______ the orphan．
A. that, take care of B．how，take care of
C. what, to take care of D．what，take care of
49. In the room he wrote down _____ ．
A．that had happened B．that had happened to him
C．what had been happened D．what had happened to him
50．My English teacher asked _____ ．
A. what was wrong with me B. what was wrong with you
C. what is wrong with me D. what is wrong with you
51．Can you make sure _____ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put B．where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D．where has Alice put
52. No one can be sure _____ in a million years．
A. what man will look like B．what will man look like
C．man will look like what D．what look will man like
53. It worried her a bit ______ her hair was turning grey．
A. while B . that C．if D．for
54．_____ the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing again is not known yet. A．Whenever B．If C．Whether D．That
55．_____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．
A. What B. That C．How D．Why
56．一Do you remember ______ he came?
—Yes，I do．He came by car．
A. how B．when C．that D．if
57．It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____ he or she wants．
A．however B. whatever C．whichever D．whenever
58．—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show 1ast week．
—Is that ______ you had a few days off．
A. why B．when C．what D．where
59．The ability to do the job matters not ______ you come from or what you are．
A．when B. where C．what D．how
60．A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do．
A．how B．a(chǎn)fter C. what D．when
三、漢譯英
1．我想知道的就是她明天是否來(lái)。
2．下周我們考英語(yǔ)是確定無(wú)疑的。
3．他怎樣被選為班長(zhǎng)是眾所周知的。
4．我們什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去上海還沒定下來(lái)。
5．誰(shuí)在會(huì)上作報(bào)告還不清楚。
6．不論誰(shuí)第一次失敗還可以再給一次機(jī)會(huì)。
7．所有文章中哪一篇最好要在明天定下來(lái)。
8．她說(shuō)她第二天要去拜訪她的英語(yǔ)啟蒙老師。
9．請(qǐng)問(wèn)到中山公園怎么走?
10．我很想知道誰(shuí)將取得第一名。
11．我相信他將在家里等我。
12．我納悶為什么你這么久沒給我回信。
13．這次考試你沒有得高分我感到奇怪。
14．不知你能否給我指出到郵電局的路。
15．他似乎很高興。
第五節(jié) 定語(yǔ)從句
一、 定義：定語(yǔ)從句是一種形容詞性從句。相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞、代詞或者句子。
1．先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語(yǔ)從句須放在先行詞之后。
2．引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，不但起連接主從復(fù)合句的作用，而且在句子中必須擔(dān)任句子成份。
關(guān)系代詞有：who，whom，whose，that，which等。
關(guān)系副詞有：when，where，why等。
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.
句中person是先行詞，劃線部分是定語(yǔ)從句，who是關(guān)系代詞 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。
3．定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和先行詞在人稱上和數(shù)上一致。
1) This is the girl who usually is the first to come to school. （is 和girl 保持一致。）
These are the girls who usually are the first to come to school.
(are 和girls 保持一致。）
2)one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
He is one of the boys who have been to Beijing.
但the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語(yǔ)從句+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)
He is the only one of the boys who has been to Beijing.
二、關(guān)系代詞的用法：
關(guān)系詞
代替功能
在從句中
的作用 例句
who 代替人 主語(yǔ) The girl who plays the piano very well is his daughter．那位鋼琴?gòu)椀煤芎玫男」媚锸撬呐畠骸?br> 表語(yǔ) He is no longer the man who he used to be．他不再是以前那樣的人了。
whom 代替人 動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ) Where is the student whom Professor Su praised at the meeting? 蘇教授在會(huì)上表?yè)P(yáng)的那個(gè)學(xué)牛在哪里?
介詞賓語(yǔ) The man with whom she was traveling is her
boyfriend．跟她一道旅行的那個(gè)男人是他的男朋友。
Whose(=of whom\which) 代替人 從句中作名詞的定語(yǔ) She is looking after the little child whose parents have gone to London．她在照看其父母去了倫敦的那個(gè)小孩。
代替物 He lives in the room whose windows face south．他住在窗戶朝南的那個(gè)房間。
that
代替人
主語(yǔ) The man that is speaking at the meeting is a famous scientist．
在會(huì)上講話的那個(gè)人是一位著名的科學(xué)家。
賓語(yǔ) Is this the teacher that you talked about yesterday．
這就是你們昨天淡到的那位老師嗎?
表語(yǔ) She is no longer the girl that she was in her childhood．她不再是她童年時(shí)代的那個(gè)女孩了。
代替物代替 代替物 主語(yǔ) The train that has just left is for Shanghai．剛剛離開的那列火車是開往上海的。
賓語(yǔ) Is this the photo that you took last summer? 這是你去年夏天照的相片嗎?
表語(yǔ) My home town is not a polluted place that you think it to be．我的家鄉(xiāng)不是像你認(rèn)為的一個(gè)污染的地方。
which 代替物 主語(yǔ) The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket．
位于火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。
賓語(yǔ) The computer which I wanted to buy was sold out．我想買的那種計(jì)算機(jī)賣完了。
表語(yǔ) She was fond of dancing，which her brother never was．她喜愛跳舞，她弟弟從不喜愛。
1．用who代替whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，主要用于口語(yǔ)。
2．在口語(yǔ)中 who, whom, that, which在從句中作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常省去。如：
The boy (whom)I mentioned is his son．我剛才提到的那個(gè)男孩是他的兒子。
3．兩種不能用that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況：
一是當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)，且介詞在關(guān)系代詞前面時(shí)，不可用that，只能用who, whom或which。
This is the house in which we lived last year.
This is the house that we lived in last year.
二是非限定性定語(yǔ)從句不能用that 引導(dǎo)，只能用whom或which。
The book here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by Mary.
4．幾種只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情況：
1）先行詞是不定代詞all，few，little，much，everything，nothing，anything，none等。如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?
你在商店里有什么東西要買嗎？
2）先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)。如：
This is the best movie that I’ve ever seen．這是我看到過(guò)的最好一部電影。
3) 先行詞被all，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修飾時(shí)。如：
I have read all the books(that)you gave me．我讀了你給我的所有的書。
4）先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時(shí)。如：
He is the only person that I want to talk to．他就是我要談話的那個(gè)人。
5）當(dāng)并列的兩個(gè)先行詞分別表示人和物時(shí)。 如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.
他們?cè)谡務(wù)撍麄兯芑貞浧饋?lái)的人和事。
6)在以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)。如：
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個(gè)女孩是誰(shuí)?
Which of the books that were borrowed from the library is yours?
從圖書館借的哪一本是你的？
7) 如果有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系詞已用which，則另一個(gè)用that。如：
The country built up a factory which produced things that have never been seen before. 這個(gè)國(guó)家建了一個(gè)生產(chǎn)以前未曾見到過(guò)的東西的工廠。
8）主句以there be開頭。如：
There is a seat in the corner that is still free．在那個(gè)角落還有個(gè)座位空著。
三、關(guān)系副詞的用法：
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞代替與其相應(yīng)的先行詞，并且在從句中分別起時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)作用。關(guān)系副詞在意義上常常相當(dāng)于一個(gè)“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如下表：
關(guān)系詞
代替功能
在從句中
的作用 例 句
when (= at，on，in，during which) 時(shí)間名詞
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
I shall never forget the day when(on which)we moved into our new house．
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們搬進(jìn)新居的那一天。
where (=in, at which)
地點(diǎn)名詞
地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
This is the place where(at which)Jack parks his car．
這是杰克放車的地方。
why(for which)
指代原因
原因狀語(yǔ)
He didn't know the reason why(for which)he was dismissed．
他不知道他為什么被解職。
1．雖然先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的名詞，但關(guān)系詞在從句中不是充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)，而是充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，就不能用when，where和why。也就是說(shuō)選擇關(guān)系詞與先行詞在主句中的語(yǔ)法地位無(wú)關(guān)，主要看代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中擔(dān)任什么成分；其次再看先行詞表示的是人、物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是原因。如：
I still remember the days when I stayed in Beijing．
我仍然記得在北京待的那些日子
I still remember the days which we spent together．
我仍然記得我們?cè)谝黄鸲冗^(guò)的那些日子。
He showed me the place where he lived．他帶我看了他住的地方。
This is the place which we visited last year．這是我們?nèi)ツ陞⒂^過(guò)的地方。
This is the reason why we must go earlier now．
這就是我們必須早點(diǎn)去的原因。
The reason which you gave us was unacceptable．
你提出的理由是不能接受的。
2．在口語(yǔ)和非正式場(chǎng)合，when，where和why或相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Do you know anywhere where (=at which) I can get a drink?
你知道在那兒我能喝杯酒？
The last day when (= on which)I saw her was a fine morning in July．
我見到她的最后那天是七月份的一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的早晨。
Spring is the best season when (during which) we can go outing.
This is the reason why (=for which)he was absent yesterday．
這就是他昨天缺席的理由。
This is the dictionary with which I can translate the book.
總結(jié)以上例句，“介詞+which”中的介詞的的選定主要跟據(jù)如下三中情況而定：1）先行詞2）定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞3）全句的意思。
再欣賞下面兩個(gè)句子：
They reached a big mountain，at the foot of which there was a farmhouse．
他們到了一座大山，山腳下有一家農(nóng)舍。
The beautiful building，in front of which there is a flower bed，is our teaching
building．
那座漂亮的大樓是我們的教學(xué)樓，前面有個(gè)花壇。
此類結(jié)構(gòu)還有：at the foot of，at the hack of，in front of，on the top of等。
四、限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：
限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系密切，省去定語(yǔ)從句意思不完整，主句和定語(yǔ)從句之間不能用逗號(hào)隔開，常譯為先行詞的定語(yǔ)。
非限制性定語(yǔ)從句和主句關(guān)系不密切，只是對(duì)先行詞作附帶說(shuō)明，省去定語(yǔ)從句，主句的意思還很完整，定語(yǔ)從句和主句之問(wèn)用逗號(hào)隔開，常譯為另一個(gè)句子。
The project，which lasted four years，cost$1 billion.
這個(gè)工程耗資十億，它用了四年時(shí)間。
Bob’s father，who worked on the project，spent four years in Egypt．
鮑勃的爸爸在埃及度過(guò)了四年的時(shí)間，他就為這個(gè)工程工作。
試比較下列句子：
All the magazines here，which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by Tom．
這兒所有的雜志都是Tom寫的，里面都有圖畫。
(附帶說(shuō)明，這兒所有的雜志里面都有圖畫。)
All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by Tom．
這兒里面有圖畫的所有雜志都是Tom寫的。
(其含義是里面沒有圖畫的雜志不是他寫的)
His young sister，who is eighteen years old, is a college student．
他妹妹是個(gè)大學(xué)生，今年十八歲。(含義是他只有一個(gè)妹妹)
His young sister who is eighteen years old is a college student．
他那個(gè)十八歲的妹妹是個(gè)大學(xué)生。(含義是他可能有不只一個(gè)妹妹)
五、注意事項(xiàng)：
許多同學(xué)在翻譯定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)容易犯如下兩種錯(cuò)誤，
1、少主語(yǔ)
There are ten girls come from the south in our class. (定語(yǔ)從句中少了come 的主語(yǔ)）
我們班有十個(gè)來(lái)自南方的女生。
2、多賓語(yǔ)
This is the book I bought it yesterday. (定語(yǔ)從句中bought多了個(gè)賓語(yǔ)it)
這是我昨天買的書。
六、“as”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句（此部分只做了解即可）
as用作關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成the same … as，such…as，so…as等結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
Here are such questions as are often asked by the students．
這是些學(xué)生們常常問(wèn)的那類問(wèn)題。(as作主語(yǔ))
This is the same computer as I have bought．
這臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)和我買的那臺(tái)一樣。(as作賓語(yǔ))
I have never seen such kind of girl as she is．
我從未見過(guò)像她這樣的女孩。(as作表語(yǔ))
I’ll do the experiment the same way as he does
我將采用和他同樣的方法做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。(as作方式狀語(yǔ))
I came the same day as she left．
我在她離開的同一天來(lái)的。 (as作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))
He studies in the same college as I do．
他和我在同一所大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。(as作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ))
He didn’t believe such reason as she did so．
他不相信她那樣做的理由。 (as作原因狀語(yǔ))
Here is so easy a question／such an easy question as everybody can answer．
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很容易，誰(shuí)都能答得上來(lái)。(as作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))
引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的so／such…as 與表示結(jié)果的so／such…that結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別：
當(dāng)從句中不缺成分時(shí)用so／such…that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，
當(dāng)從句中缺少成分時(shí)用so／such…as引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句。如：
As a teacher, I seldom give students so difficult a problem as they can’t work out．
As a teacher, I seldom give students so difficult a problem that they can’t work it out．
They are such beautiful pictures as drew（吸引）many people’s attention．
They are such beautiful pictures that they drew many people’s attention．
as引出非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，代替整個(gè)主句，對(duì)其進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。但一般用于像as we all know，as is known to all，as it is，as is said above，as is often the case等句式中。as在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，且引出的從句位置比較靈活，可位于句首或句末，也可插入主句中間。通常均由逗號(hào)將其與主句分開。as有“正如……”，“就像……”之意。
He forgot to bring his pen with him，as was often the case．
他忘了帶筆，這是常事。(as在從句中作主語(yǔ))
He is absorbed in work, as he often was．
他正在全神貫注地工作，他過(guò)去經(jīng)常這樣。(as在從句中作表語(yǔ))
As we all know，the earth is round．
眾所周知，地球是圓的。 (as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))
七、小結(jié)：
1、
關(guān)系詞 作用 先行詞
that，who，whom 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 人
that, which 主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 人，物，時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)
whose 定語(yǔ) 人、物
when 狀語(yǔ) 時(shí)間
where 狀語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)
why 狀語(yǔ) 原因
2、做定語(yǔ)從句題時(shí)應(yīng)按如下兩個(gè)步驟分析：
第一，分析定語(yǔ)從句中缺少什么成分。如果少主、賓、表、定語(yǔ)，就去選擇關(guān)系代詞；如果少狀語(yǔ)，就去選關(guān)系副詞。
第二，分析先行詞是表示什么的詞語(yǔ)。如果先行詞是表示人的就去選who, whom, that, 或者whose；如果先行詞是表示物的就去選 that, which, whose,；如果先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的詞就分別去選when, where, why。其中對(duì)地點(diǎn)的理解應(yīng)拓展到空間，如position, book 等均可以理解為表示空間的詞語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)注意下面的典型例句(2)。
注意：這兩個(gè)步驟不能顛倒。有許多同學(xué)在做定語(yǔ)從句題時(shí)的分析步驟和上述是相反的，所以常出錯(cuò)誤。
典型例句：
(1) This is the house where we lived last year.
（定語(yǔ)從句中l(wèi)ive 少狀語(yǔ)，故用where 引導(dǎo)定從。）
This is the house that we visited last year.
（定語(yǔ)從句中visit 少賓語(yǔ)，故用that 引導(dǎo)定從。）
(2) This is the book where you can find the answer to the question.
（book不是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，但定從中少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where）
3、定語(yǔ)從句與表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換（一種意思多種表達(dá)方式）
（1） I don’t know the things that he wants. = I don’t know what he wants.
定語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句
（2）I don’t know the place where he lives. = I don’t know where he lives.
定語(yǔ)從句 賓語(yǔ)從句
（3）This is the place where he lived last year.= This is where he lived last year.
定語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)從句
八、同位語(yǔ)從句
在有些名詞如idea，thought，news，fact，report，promise，hope，plan，belief，doubt, feeling, dream, wish等后面，可以用that等連接詞語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，來(lái)解釋、說(shuō)明前面這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容，叫同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別在于：定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾、限定先行詞(名詞或代詞)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；而同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞的關(guān)系是等同的。
引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞有，that，whether, how，when，where，why等。
that只起連接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略，這也是和that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。
The news that we’11 hold the sports meet next week is known to a11．
我們下周開運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)的消息大家都知道。
I expressed the hope that he would come to visit our school again．
我表示希望他再來(lái)參觀我們學(xué)校。
The fact that he didn’t attend the meeting surprised me．
他沒有參加會(huì)議的事實(shí)使我很驚奇。
I have no idea when she will be back．我不知道她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。
He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not．
他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
定語(yǔ)從句練習(xí)
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons _____ they could remember in schoo1．
A．who B．whom C. that D．which
2．This is the modern hotel _____ the guests can enjoy the most comfortable things．
A. where B．which C．that D．in that
3．July 27，1989 is the day _____ I will never forget，when both of us had a wonderful time．
A．on which B．when C．whom D. that
4．Both of them will remember the months and the years ___ they spent in the army.
A. which B．when C．in which D．what
5．It is the factory _____produces all kinds of TV sets．
A．in which B. which C．what D．where
6．Do you know the little boy_____ broke the glasses yesterday afternoon?
A．which B．how C．whom D. who
7．The sun is bigger than the earth，_____ even a child knows．
A．that B．who C. as D．what
8．Miss Zhang devoted herself to the development of education，_____ led to her final success．
A．that B．which C．so that D．so
9．Is that the laboratory _____ the foreigners visited yesterday?
A．that B．where C．in which D．the one
10．Is that laboratory _____ we did physics experiments in during our middle school days?
A．that B．where C. which D. the one
11. I have the same dictionary _____ you bought just now.
A．which B．that C. as D．whose
12．I _____ one of the sports-lovers，often spend some time on training in the stadium.
A. who am B．who is C. am D．that is
13．Let’s discuss _____ questions _____ are about the future of the youth．
A．so；as B．so；that C．such；that D. such; as
14．Those _____ not only from books but also through practices will succeed．
A．which learns B．who learning C．what learns D. who learns
15. A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football．
A．who B. a person who C．a(chǎn) thing that D．something that
16．Didn’t you see the girl _____ ?
A. I nodded to a moment ago B. I nodded to her a moment ago
C. whom I nodded a moment ago D. I nodded a moment ago
17．Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A．that you talked B. you talked about
C．you talked about it D．which you talked with
18．Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black．
A．who B．who’s C. whose D．which
19．Ping Ping is not _____ girl _____ she was．
A．such，as B. the same，as C．that，as D．the same, who
20．Who is the man _____ talked to you just now?
A．who B．whom C. that D．which
21．It’s the third time _____ late this month．
A. that you arrived B．when you arrived
C. that you have arrived D．when you have arrived
22．Qingdao is the most satisfactory city ______ we’re going to visit．
A. that B．which C．where D．in which
23．Xiao Yan is the only one of the students in our class who ____ a three-good student．
A．a(chǎn)re B．is C．were D．was
24．Qingdao is one of the most beautiful cities ______ in China．
A．that have seen B．that has seen
C．that have been seen D．that has been seen
25．The beautiful seaside， _____ we both spend our summer holidays every year，lies in the north of Laizhou City．
A. where B．that C．which D．what
26．The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside．
A. we stayed at B．where we stayed at
C. we stayed D．in that we stayed
27．He is a man of great experience， ______ much can be learned．
A．that B．who C．from which D. from whom
28. Wang Hong has made great progress in her studies and has won a prize，_____ has made us surprised．
A．that B. which C．who D．what
29．Finally，the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the people．
A．which B．what C．whatever D．that
30．His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor．
A. of whom B．whom C．of whose D．whose
31．Robert is good at languages，_____ we all know．
A．that B．a(chǎn)s C．when D．what
32．All ______ is needed is a supply of oil．
A．the thing B．that C．what D．which
33．He paid the boy$10 for washing ten windows，most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year．
A．these B．those C．that D．which
34. The girl _____ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.
A. who B. that C. which D. whose
35．She heard a terrible noise，_____ brought her heart into her mouth．
A．it B．which C．this D. that
36. In the dark street，there wasn’t a single person to______ she could turn for help．
A．that B．who C．which D. whom
37．The weather turned out to be very good，_____ was more than we could expect．
A．it B．what C．that D．which
38．After living in Paris for fifty years，he returned to the small town _____ he grew up as a child．
A．which B．where C．that D．when
39．Carol said the work would be done by October，_____ personally I doubt very much．
A．it B．that C．when D．which
40．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _____ , of course，made the others unhappy．
A．who B．which C．this D．what
41.I have many friends, _____ are businessmen．
A. they B. which C. that D. and they
42. If a shop has chairs _____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop．
A. that B. which C. when D. where
43. Last month，part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods，from _____ effects the people are still suffering．
A. that B. whose C. those D. what
44. Jim passed the driving test，_____ surprised everybody in the office．
A. which B. that C. this D. it
45. Peter, _____ you met yesterday, is now a good student．
A. where B. which C. who D. that
46. ---Is that the small town you often refer to?
--- Right，just the one _____ you know I used to work for years．
A. that B. which C. where D. what
47. The boy, ______ father is an engineer, works hard．
A. that B. whose C. his D. as
48. Her sister has become a lawyer，____ she wanted to be．
A. who B. that C. what D. which
49. I came the same day ______ she left．
A. when B. that C. as D. on which
50. He was educated at a local grammar school，_____ he went on to Cambridge．
A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this
51. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs ______ they are being trained．
A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which
52. The place ______ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _____ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest．
A. which, where B. at which, which
C. at which, where D. which, in which
53. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _____ people were eaten by the tiger．
A. in which B. by which C. which D. that
54. I walked in our garden，_____ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees．
A. which B. when C. where D. that
55. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf，_____ five are mine．
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
56. There are two buildings，_____ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
57. He didn’t believe such reason ______ she did so．
A. as B. why C. how D. when
58. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year，80％_____are sold abroad．
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
59. Anyway，that evening，______ I’ll tell yon more about later，I ended up staying at Rachel’s place．
A. when B. where C. what D. which
60. Professor Wang, _____ is over sixty, still works hard day and night ．
A. which B. he C. whoever D. who
二、漢譯英
1．我不認(rèn)識(shí)剛才同李玲談話的那個(gè)人。
2．他父親是個(gè)農(nóng)民的那個(gè)男孩在班里學(xué)習(xí)最努力。
3．剛才同你打招呼的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?
4．你還有別的事情讓我?guī)湍阕鰡?
5．本學(xué)期她取得很大進(jìn)步，這使我們很高興。
6．我將永遠(yuǎn)記住1989年7月27日那個(gè)日子，在那一天我們倆去海上游泳，玩得很痛快。
7．這是我兩年前游覽過(guò)的名勝。
8．我不知道瑪麗今天上午上課遲到的原因。
9．里面有圖畫的書是他寫的。
10．這些書是他寫的，里面有圖畫。
11．我們的國(guó)家和過(guò)去不同了。
12．下周舉行英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽的消息大家都知道。
13．到場(chǎng)的先生們和女士們都是我在鄉(xiāng)下工作時(shí)交的朋友。
14．你認(rèn)識(shí)今天下午給我們做報(bào)告的那個(gè)先生嗎?
15．你必須做我做的一切。
16．那個(gè)紅頭發(fā)的男孩子很聰明。
第六節(jié) 狀語(yǔ)從句
狀語(yǔ)從句的作用相當(dāng)于副詞，用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、副詞和形容詞，因此又稱為副詞性從句。
狀語(yǔ)從句用陳述句語(yǔ)序，一般位于復(fù)合句的句首或句末。當(dāng)從句在句首時(shí)，從句
后常用逗號(hào)。狀語(yǔ)從句按其含義可分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、比較(方式)、讓步、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句。
一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞有when…(當(dāng)……時(shí)候)．whenever(每當(dāng))，as(當(dāng)……時(shí)候，一邊……一邊……)，while(當(dāng)……時(shí)候，在……期間)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，until（till）(直到)，since(自從)，once(一旦)，as soon as(一……就)hardly…when(剛…就)，no sooner…than(剛……就)，every time(each time)(每當(dāng))等。
1、when，while和as三個(gè)從屬連詞用法很相近，其區(qū)別是：
（1）while引導(dǎo)的從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主從復(fù)合句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，而when, as引導(dǎo)的從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，又可用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
When(As)she finished playing，she turned to look at Liszt．
當(dāng)她演奏結(jié)束后，轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身去看了看李斯特。
(finish是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只能用when或as)。
While I was in Beijing，I saw her only once．我在北京期間，只見過(guò)她一次。
(was表示所處的狀態(tài)，可以延續(xù)，表示一段時(shí)間，用while或when)
（2）when從句的動(dòng)作可以早于主句謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，而while, as 不能。
When I receive the letter, I’ll tell you.
我接到信后會(huì)告訴你的。(receive 早于tell)。
（3）as特別強(qiáng)調(diào)主從句中的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，常譯成“一面……一面……， 隨著”；主、從句的主語(yǔ)往往是一者。它也用來(lái)說(shuō)明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況。
As we walked, we talked. 我們邊走邊談。
As I get older，I get happier．我越活越幸福。(說(shuō)明兩種正發(fā)展或變化的情況)
As spring comes，it gets warmer and warmer．隨著春天的到來(lái)，天氣越來(lái)越暖和了。
（4）注意when和while的另種用法，意思和從屬連詞就不一樣了。
An Arab was walking alone through the desert when he met two men．
有個(gè)阿拉伯人正獨(dú)自在沙漠里走著，這時(shí)他碰到兩個(gè)人。(when =at that time. 此時(shí)主句的謂語(yǔ)通常是進(jìn)行時(shí)或是即將要開始的動(dòng)作，所以通常譯為“就在此時(shí)”)
再如：I was watching TV when somebody knocked at the door.
我正在看電視，這是有人敲門。
Edison asked his father why he was not able to hatch chicken while hen could．
愛迪生問(wèn)他父親，為什么他不能孵小雞，而母雞卻能。
2、試看before的三中的翻譯法：
We passed through several villages before we got to the station．
我們走過(guò)好幾個(gè)村莊，
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