jQuery除了包含原生JS中的內(nèi)置數(shù)據(jù)類型(built-in datatype),還包括一些擴(kuò)展的數(shù)據(jù)類型(virtual types),如Selectors、Events等。
1. String
String最常見,幾乎任何一門高級(jí)編程語言和腳本語言中都支持,比如"Hello world!"即字符串。字符串的類型為string。比如
var typeOfStr = typeof "hello world";//typeOfStr為“string"
1.1 String內(nèi)置方法
"hello".charAt(0) // "h"
"hello".toUpperCase() // "HELLO"
"Hello".toLowerCase() // "hello"
"hello".replace(/e|o/g, "x") // "hxllx"
"1,2,3".split(",") // ["1", "2", "3"]
1.2 length屬性:返回字符長度,比如"hello".length返回5
1.3 字符串轉(zhuǎn)換為Boolean:
一個(gè)空字符串("")默認(rèn)為false,而一個(gè)非空字符串為true(比如"hello")。
2. Number
數(shù)字類型,比如3.1415926或者1、2、3...
typeof 3.1415926 返回的是"number"
2.1 Number轉(zhuǎn)換為Boolean:
如果一個(gè)Number值為0,則默認(rèn)為false,否則為true。
2.2 由于Number是采用雙精度浮點(diǎn)數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,所以下面這種情況是合理的:
0.1 + 0.2 // 0.30000000000000004
3. Math
下面的方法與Java中的Math類的靜態(tài)方法類似。
Math.PI // 3.141592653589793
Math.cos(Math.PI) // -1
3.1 將字符串化為數(shù)字:parseInt和parseFloat方法:
parseInt("123") = 123 (采用十進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換)
parseInt("010") = 8 (采用八進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換)
parseInt("0xCAFE") = 51966 (采用十六進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換)
parseInt("010", 10) = 10 (指定用10進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換)
parseInt("11", 2) = 3 (指定用二進(jìn)制轉(zhuǎn)換)
parseFloat("10.10") = 10.1
3.2 數(shù)字到字符串
當(dāng)將Number粘到(append)字符串后的時(shí)候,將得到字符串。
"" + 1 + 2; // "12"
"" + (1 + 2); // "3"
"" + 0.0000001; // "1e-7"
或者用強(qiáng)制類型轉(zhuǎn)換:
String(1) + String(2); //"12"
String(1 + 2); //"3"
4. NaN 和 Infinity
如果對(duì)一個(gè)非數(shù)字字符串調(diào)用parseInt方法,將返回NaN(Not a Number),NaN常用來檢測一個(gè)變量是否數(shù)字類型,如下:
isNaN(parseInt("hello", 10)) // true
Infinity表示數(shù)值無窮大或無窮小,比如1 / 0 // Infinity。
對(duì)NaN和Infinity調(diào)用typeof運(yùn)算符都返回"numuber"。
另外 NaN==NaN 返回false,但是 Infinity==Infinity 返回true。
5. Integer 和 Float
分為表示整型和浮點(diǎn)型。
6. BOOLEAN
布爾類型,true或者false。
7. OBJECT
JavaScript中的一切皆對(duì)象。對(duì)一個(gè)對(duì)象進(jìn)行typeof運(yùn)算返回 "object"。
var x = {};
var y = { name: "Pete", age: 15 };
對(duì)于上面的y對(duì)象,可以采用圓點(diǎn)獲取屬性值,比如y.name返回"Pete",y.age返回15
7.1 Array Notation(數(shù)組訪問方式訪問對(duì)象)
var operations = { increase: "++", decrease: "--" }
var operation = "increase";
operations[operation] // "++";
operations["multiply"] = "*"; // "*"
上面operations["multiply"]="*"; 往operations對(duì)象中添加了一個(gè)key-value對(duì)。
7.2 對(duì)象循環(huán)訪問:for-in
var obj = { name: "Pete", age: 15};
for(key in obj) {
alert("key is "+[key]+", value is "+obj[key]);
}
7.3 任何對(duì)象不管有無屬性和值,都默認(rèn)為true
7.4 對(duì)象的Prototype屬性
jQuery中用fn(Prototype的別名)動(dòng)態(tài)為jQuery Instances添加對(duì)象(函數(shù))
var form = $("#myform");
form.clearForm; // undefined
form.fn.clearForm = function() {
return this.find(":input").each(function() { this.value = ""; }).end();
};
form.clearForm() // works for all instances of jQuery objects, because the new method was added
8. OPTIONS
幾乎所有的jQuery插件都提供了一個(gè)基于OPTIONS的API,OPTIONS是JS對(duì)象,意味著該對(duì)象以及它的屬性都是optional(可選的)。允許customization。
比如采用Ajax方式提交表單,
$("#myform").ajaxForm();//默認(rèn)采用Form的Action屬性值作為Ajax-URL,Method值作為提交類型(GET/POST)
$("#myform").ajaxForm({ url: "mypage.php", type: "POST" });//則覆蓋了提交到的URL和提交類型
9. ARRAY
var arr = [1, 2, 3];
ARRAY是可變的lists。ARRAY也是對(duì)象。
讀取或設(shè)置ARRAY中元素的值,采用這種方式:
var val = arr[0];//val為1
arr[2] = 4;//現(xiàn)在arr第三個(gè)元素為4
9.1 數(shù)組循環(huán)(遍歷)
for (var i = 0; i < a.length; i++) { // Do something with a[i] }
但是當(dāng)考慮性能時(shí),則最好只讀一次length屬性,如下:
for (var i = 0, j = a.length; i < j; i++) { // Do something with a[i] }
jQuery提供了each方法遍歷數(shù)組:
var x = [1, 2, 3];
$.each(x,
function(index, value) {
console.log("index", index, "value", value);
});
9.2 對(duì)數(shù)組調(diào)用push方法意味著將一個(gè)元素添加到數(shù)組末尾,比如 x.push(5); 和 x.[x.length] = 5; 等價(jià)
9.3 數(shù)組其他內(nèi)置方法:
var x = [0, 3, 1, 2];
x.reverse() // [2, 1, 3, 0]
x.join(" – ") // "2 - 1 - 3 - 0"
x.pop() // [2, 1, 3]
x.unshift(-1) // [-1, 2, 1, 3]
x.shift() // [2, 1, 3]
x.sort() // [1, 2, 3]
x.splice(1, 2) // 用于插入、刪除或替換數(shù)組元素,這里為刪除從index=1開始的2個(gè)元素
9.4 數(shù)組為對(duì)象,所以始終為true
10. MAP
The map type is used by the AJAX function to hold the data of a request. This type could be a string, an array<form elements>, a jQuery object with form elements or an object with key/value pairs. In the last case, it is possible to assign multiple values to one key by assigning an array. As below:
{'key[]':['valuea','valueb']}
11. FUNCTION:匿名和有名兩種
11.1 Context、Call和Apply
In JavaScript, the variable "this" always refers to the current context.
$(document).ready(function() {
// this refers to window.document});
$("a").click(function() { // this refers to an anchor DOM element
});
12. SELECTOR
There are lot of plugins that leverage jQuery's selectors in other ways. The validation plugin accepts a selector to specify a dependency, whether an input is required or not:
emailrules: { required: "#email:filled" }
This would make a checkbox with name "emailrules" required only if the user entered an email address in the email field, selected via its id, filtered via a custom selector ":filled" that the validation plugin provides.
13. EVENT
DOM標(biāo)準(zhǔn)事件包括:blur, focus, load, resize, scroll, unload, beforeunload, click, dblclick, mousedown, mouseup, mousemove, mouseover, mouseout, mouseenter, mouseleave, change, select, submit, keydown, keypress, andkeyup
14. JQUERY
JQUERY對(duì)象包含DOM元素的集合。比如$('p')即返回所有<p>...</p>
JQUERY對(duì)象行為類似數(shù)組,也有l(wèi)ength屬性,也可以通過index訪問DOM元素集合中的某個(gè)。但是不是數(shù)組,不具備數(shù)組的某些方法,比如join()。
許多jQuery方法返回jQuery對(duì)象本身,所以可以采用鏈?zhǔn)秸{(diào)用:
$("p").css("color", "red").find(".special").css("color", "green");
但是如果你調(diào)用的方法會(huì)破壞jQuery對(duì)象,比如find()和filter(),則返回的不是原對(duì)象。要返回到原對(duì)象只需要再調(diào)用end()方法即可。
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