五種基本句型之
主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ) +賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
這個(gè)句型在有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)上又叫做主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),這里的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)=賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這里又新增加一個(gè)“東東”:賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
說(shuō)起賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)來(lái),我們先從初中你熟悉的三個(gè)句型說(shuō)起 :ask somebody to do something
(邀請(qǐng)某人做某事)
tell somebody to do something
(告訴某人做某事)
want somebody to do something
(要求某人做某事)
你不會(huì)告訴我,這三個(gè)句型那里熟悉呀,根本沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò),那我只能說(shuō),你的英語(yǔ)不是一般的“菜”,上過(guò)三年初中,不知道這三位“赫赫有名”的短語(yǔ),你該是惡補(bǔ)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候了,閑話(huà)少說(shuō),我們?cè)倏从蛇@三個(gè)句型構(gòu)成的例句:
1、 I asked him to have dinner.
謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
2、 He told me to clean the room.
謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
3、 Tom wanted me to meet him .
謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
我們看第一個(gè)句子,我邀請(qǐng)他吃飯,他(him)是作邀請(qǐng)(asked)的賓語(yǔ),如果后面沒(méi)有to have dinner ,句子意思就不完整,我邀請(qǐng)他,干什么呢?沒(méi)說(shuō)清楚,于是就有 to have dinner 來(lái)幫助說(shuō)清楚,是吃飯的,在這里的to have dinner 就是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),這是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)。(你又在疑惑什么是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)呢?大家知道,to do 是動(dòng)詞不定式,但是如果動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞帶有賓語(yǔ)或者動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞有副詞來(lái)修飾,這時(shí)的動(dòng)詞不定式就成為不定式短語(yǔ)了。比如 to do something 就是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),換句話(huà)說(shuō):這里 to have(動(dòng)詞不定式) to have dinner(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))。又比如:to run是 動(dòng)詞不定式to run fast 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ))。
上面的三個(gè)句子都是不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)不足語(yǔ)來(lái)幫助賓語(yǔ)來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,那么除了動(dòng)詞不定式(短語(yǔ))作賓補(bǔ)之外,還有什么可以作賓補(bǔ)呢 ?
實(shí)際上,能夠作賓補(bǔ)的有很多,我們這里只學(xué)習(xí)幾種常見(jiàn)的: doing \不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式\介詞短語(yǔ)\形容詞等等。請(qǐng)看下面的例句,注意觀察劃線(xiàn)的部分是有什么作的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。:
1、I saw a thief stealing something.
(我看到一個(gè)賊正在偷東西)
2、He made me go home (他讓我回家)
3、Her mother kept her in the room .
(她的媽媽讓她待在房間里)
此句型的關(guān)鍵是記住那些動(dòng)詞后面是跟什么樣的賓補(bǔ)。比如:我們可以說(shuō) ask somebody to do something (to do something 作賓補(bǔ))我們就不能說(shuō) ask somebody doing something 換句話(huà)說(shuō),到底是跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)還是doing 作賓補(bǔ)是某些動(dòng)詞的“專(zhuān)利權(quán)”,不可侵犯。
下面我給你們想辦法記住動(dòng)詞后面是跟什么樣的賓補(bǔ):
首先,哪些動(dòng)詞后面是跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式(動(dòng)詞不定式可以分為帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式和不帶to的不定式兩種,不帶to的不定式實(shí)際上就是動(dòng)詞原形)作賓補(bǔ)的。
主要有:order somebody to do something
want somebody to do something
tell somebody to do something
invite somebody to do something
ask somebody to do something
beg somebody to do something
(注意上面的有六個(gè)單詞可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ),我們可以按照語(yǔ)氣的強(qiáng)弱來(lái)記憶這幾個(gè)單詞:命令>要求>告訴>邀請(qǐng)>請(qǐng)求>乞求)
此外,還有 advise somebody to do something
allow somebody to do something
warn somebody to do something
teach somebody to do something
其次,哪些動(dòng)詞后面可以跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的,我們可以用下面一句話(huà)來(lái)幫助你記憶:
一感二聽(tīng)三讓五看半幫助
這里:一感(feel)二聽(tīng)(hear\listen to )三讓?zhuān)╨et \make\have)五看(see\watch\notice\observe\look at)半幫助(help).
即: feel
hear
listen to
let
make
leave somebody do sth
see
watch
notice
observe
look at
help
上面這些詞都是用于動(dòng)詞后面可以跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式,應(yīng)熟記之。
最后,哪些動(dòng)詞后面是跟doing作賓補(bǔ)的,我們?nèi)匀豢梢越柚厦娴木渥觼?lái)記憶,上面的單詞中除了三讓?zhuān)╤ave\let\make)半幫助(help)不能跟dong作賓補(bǔ)之外, 其它都是可以的。(即:一感二聽(tīng)五看,實(shí)際上它們都屬于感官動(dòng)詞)
練習(xí)四
一 判斷下列句子是主謂+雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),如果是主謂+復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),請(qǐng)指出復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)摹?
1. I watch the boy playing foot ball.
2. My good friend told me a story
3. Tom lent me a pencil.
4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight .
5. I looked at her flying a kite .
6. Please hand me the paper .
7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.
8. He wanted you to go with him.
9. Lu Yang told the little boy to go home.
10. She asks me to help her .
11. My parents leave me some money .
12. Lucy leads me a pencil .
13. Mother got me some tea .
14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
15. He showed me her photos .
16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star.
17. Mom let me in.
18. The rich man bought his son an MP4.
19. The teacher observes the boy sleep.
20. The teacher made her monitor.
21. I saw the baby cry.
22. I paid him three yuan .
23. He passed me an eraser.
24. Lucy heard her neighbor singing
25. Tom teaches us English.
26. They asked the teacher to explain it again .
27. Let me read you his letter .
28. Would you sing us an English song ?
29. I will lend you something.
30. Did you notice me leave the house
練習(xí)四答案
一 判斷下列句子是主謂+雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)還是主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ),如果是主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ),請(qǐng)指出賓補(bǔ)是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)摹?
1. I watch the boy playing foot ball.
我看到那個(gè)男孩在踢足球。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。
playing foot ball做賓補(bǔ)
2. My good friend told me a story
我的好朋友給我講了一個(gè)故事。主謂+雙賓
3. Tom lent me a pencil.
湯姆借給我一個(gè)鉛筆。主謂+雙賓
4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight.
李利注意到兩個(gè)狗在打架。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ),fight做賓補(bǔ)
5. I looked at her flying a kite.
我看到她在放風(fēng)箏。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。flying a kite做賓補(bǔ)
6. Please hand me the paper .
請(qǐng)遞給我一張紙。主謂+雙賓
7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.
那頭獅子命令那只母雞給他一些雞蛋。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。
to give him some eggs做賓補(bǔ)
8. He wanted you to go with him.
他要你一起跟他去。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。to go with him做賓補(bǔ)
9. Li Yang told the little boy to go home.
李揚(yáng)叫那個(gè)小男孩回家。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。to go home做賓補(bǔ)
10. She asks me to help her .
她請(qǐng)我去幫助她。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。to help her做賓補(bǔ)
11. My parents leave me some money .
我的父母親留給我一些錢(qián)。主謂+雙賓
12. Tom leads me a pencil .
湯姆借給我一只鉛筆。主謂+雙賓
13. Mother got me some tea .
媽媽給我取了一些茶。主謂+雙賓
14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
李蕾發(fā)現(xiàn)有100元在房間里/李蕾在房間里發(fā)現(xiàn)了100元。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。in the room做賓補(bǔ)
15. He showed me her photos .
他讓我看了看她的照片。主謂+雙賓
16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star.
那些粉絲們讓林俊杰成為一個(gè)明星。主謂+雙賓
17. Mom let me in.
媽媽讓我進(jìn)去。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。in做賓補(bǔ)
18. The rich man bought his son an MP4.
那個(gè)有錢(qián)人給他的兒子買(mǎi)了一個(gè)MP4。主謂+雙賓
19. The teacher observes the boy sleep.
那個(gè)老師觀察到那個(gè)男孩睡覺(jué)了。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。sleep做賓補(bǔ)
20. The teacher made her monitor.
老師讓她做班長(zhǎng)。主謂+雙賓
21. I saw the baby cry.
我看到那個(gè)男孩哭了。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。cry做賓補(bǔ)
22. I paid him three yuan .
我付給他三元。主謂+雙賓
23. He passed me an eraser.
他遞給我一個(gè)橡皮。主謂+雙賓
24. She heard her neighbor singing
她聽(tīng)到她的鄰居在唱歌。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。singing做賓補(bǔ)
25. Tom teaches us English.
湯姆教我們英語(yǔ)。主謂+雙賓
26. They asked the teacher to explain it again .
他們請(qǐng)老師在解釋一遍。主謂+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)。to explain it again做賓補(bǔ)
27. Let me read you his letter .
讓我給你讀讀他的信。主謂+雙賓
28. Would you sing us an English song ?
你可以給我們唱支英文歌嗎?主謂+雙賓
29. I will lend you a book 。
我將借給你`一本書(shū)。主謂+雙賓
30. Did you notice me leave the house?
你注意到我離開(kāi)房子嗎?主謂+雙賓
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