考研英語長難句精析(四)
19.Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in everyrelevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lieoutside the area of moral choice.
[句子主干]Arguing from the view that humans are…, extremists of this…
[語法難點]
有套和從句。逗號前面是一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語,作狀語,里面又有一個that從句作the view的同位語,逗號后面的that從句是一個賓語從句。
[句子翻譯]
這類人持極端看法,認為人與動物在各相關(guān)方面都不相同,對待動物無須考慮道德問題。
[翻譯技巧]
in every relevant respect譯成“各相關(guān)方面”,不要把respect 譯成“尊重”;extremists為極端主義者;let outside the area of moral choice譯成“不在道德范圍內(nèi),不關(guān)乎道德”。
20.When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct formoral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged ratherthan laughed at.
[句子主干]When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is ….instinct…, an instinct that should be…
[語法難點]
以冒號為界,將全句分成兩個復合句。前面的復合句里,時間狀語從句when that happens敘述的是前一句tosee…的情形的出現(xiàn)。That修飾這種行為,主句表明這種行為并不錯。冒號后面的復合句解釋為什么。這里有一個that從句,作instinct的定語。
[句子翻譯]
這種反應并不錯,這是人類用道德觀念進行推理的本能在起作用,這種本能應得到鼓勵而不應遭到嘲弄。
[翻譯技巧]
將that,it等代詞具體化,使譯文表達明確;reasoning不能譯成“原因”,而應譯為“推理,推論”;inaction不能譯成“在行動中”,而譯成“在起作用”,action在此是“作用,性能”的意思;翻譯被動語態(tài)時,使用“得到”,“遭到”等,使譯文流暢自然。
21.The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprivedEgypt of the fertile silt that floods left - all in return for a giantreservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barelygenerates electricity.
[句子主干]
The Aswan Dam, … stopped the Nile flooding…but…
[語法難點]
有插入語。for example是個插入結(jié)構(gòu),不是句子的主要成分。but后面省略了the Aswan Dam。注意so…that…結(jié)構(gòu),是“如此……以至于”的意思。
[句子翻譯]
以阿斯旺大壩為例,它擋住了尼羅河的洪水,但也使埃及失去了洪水沖積的肥沃土壤,換回來的卻是一個病態(tài)的大水庫。現(xiàn)在水庫積滿泥沙,幾乎不能用于發(fā)電了。
[翻譯技巧]the Nile是尼羅河。All in return意思是“換回來的全部則是”。
22.The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to theusual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so isnot conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend.
[句子主干]The trouble is that…is due to …, and so is not …
[語法難點]
有套和從句。the trouble is that…是表語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。后一個that引導的是修飾rebound的定語從句。
[句子翻譯]
問題在于,近期的增長一定程度上是因為商業(yè)運作周期漲落的結(jié)果,因此還不能得出經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)復蘇態(tài)勢這一結(jié)論。
[翻譯技巧]
part of the recent acceleration不可譯為“一部分的最近的加速”,而是“最近加速部分是由于”。business cycle是指“商業(yè)周期”。
23.New ways of organizing the workplace all that reengineering anddownsizing - are only one contribution to the overall productivity of aneconomy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investmentin equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in educationand training.
[句子主干]
New ways of … workplace…are only one contribution to…, which is…, and…
[語法難點]
有插入語。兩個破折號中間的成分為插入結(jié)構(gòu),可以視為括號里面的內(nèi)容。Such as后面的內(nèi)容是對many other factors的列舉。在閱讀的時候基本可以跳過不看,除非后面有細節(jié)題考查這里的內(nèi)容。
[句子翻譯]
組織工作場所的新方法——包括機構(gòu)重組和縮小規(guī)?!皇谴龠M某個經(jīng)濟實體的綜合生產(chǎn)率提高的一項措施,還有其他許多因素促進生產(chǎn)率的提高,比如對機械設備的聯(lián)合投資、采用新技術(shù)、對教育培訓投資等。
[翻譯技巧]
all that譯為“這一切包括”。overall productivity譯為“綜合生產(chǎn)力水平”。Joint investment譯為“聯(lián)合投資”。Drive譯為“驅(qū)動”。
24.His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies haveapplied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costswithout giving sufficient thought to long term profitability.
[句子主干] His colleague,…, says that… ,chopping out costs without giving…
[語法難點]
有省略。chopping out costs without giving sufficient …分句是非限定性定語從句。修飾的是前一分句的整體意思。without后面要跟現(xiàn)在分詞giving。
[句子翻譯]
他的同時邁克爾•比爾說,為數(shù)眾多的公司以簡單機械的方式進行機構(gòu)重組,降低了成本,但卻未能充分考慮長期贏利。
[翻譯技巧]
far too many譯為“太多的(比實際需要)”。re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion應譯為“以簡單機械的方式”。chop out譯為“削減”。
25. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked“antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by PaulR.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt, amathematician at Rutgers University; and The DemonHaunted World, by CarSagan of Cornell University
[句子主干] As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked…, notably…
[語法難點]
有省略。as引導的是表原因的狀語成分。as表“因為”時只能放在句首。by后面的成分是舉例列舉的成分,和句子主題沒有什么聯(lián)系。閱讀的時候不妨跳過去,后面如果問到的話再回頭看不遲。
[句子翻譯]
由于科研經(jīng)費減少,科學家推出幾本書來抨擊“反科學”傾向。其中值得注意的有弗吉尼亞大學生物學家保羅•R•格羅斯與拉特格斯大學數(shù)學家諾曼•萊維特合寫的《高級迷信》以及康奈爾大學的卡爾•薩根寫的《鬼怪世界》
[翻譯技巧]
antiscience意思是“反科學”。Higher Superstition譯為“高級迷信”。attack是“攻擊”的意思。