非謂語動(dòng)詞

中考命題規(guī)律及趨勢(shì)

中考單項(xiàng)選擇題和詞匯應(yīng)用對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查中，考動(dòng)詞不定式，如：不定式作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、目的狀語等。也涉及到了不定式固定句型和用法的考查，如：固定搭配forget to do sth.，decide to do sth.，would like sb.to do sth.(想讓某人做某事)；疑問詞＋不定式when to start(何時(shí)開始)。也考查分詞和動(dòng)名詞形式，設(shè)題形式以單句為主。

中考重難點(diǎn)突破

非謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞不定式作主語

作表語

作賓語

作賓補(bǔ)

作定語

作狀語

分詞現(xiàn)在分詞

過去分詞

動(dòng)名詞

【注意】

非謂語動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。

1．動(dòng)詞不定式

(1) 作主語：

To do sports is healthy.

作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。

(2) 作表語

His dream is to be an artist.

(3) 作賓語

I'd like to help homeless people.

常見的這類動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語：want，like，would like，love，prefer，hope，wish，try，ask，start，begin，learn，agree，forget，remember，need，decide，choose，afford，help，mean，order，plan，wish，expect，forget，hope，try，agree，promise，manage，volunteer，pretend，choose等。

【注意】

①begin和start后可以接to do，也可接doing，意思基本相同。

②forget to do 忘記還沒有做的事情

forget doing 忘記已經(jīng)做過的事情

③ remember to do 記得將要做某事

remember doing 記得做過的事情

④ like，love，prefer 接to do 表示短暫性動(dòng)作，接doing時(shí)表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

⑤ stop to do 表示停下來去做另一件事

stop doing 表示停止正在做的事

⑥need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動(dòng)含義)

need doing sth. 需要做某事(被動(dòng)含義)

(4)作賓補(bǔ)

You could ask hospitals to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.

不定式做賓補(bǔ)，不定式的動(dòng)作是賓語發(fā)出的，而不是主語發(fā)出的。常見的跟不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有以下：

want sb.to do sth. ask sb.to do sth.

need sb.to do sth. teach sb.to do sth.

tell sb.to do sth. invite sb.to do sth.

order sb.to do sth. allow sb.to do sth.

force sb.to do sth. advise sb.to do sth.

persuade sb.to do sth. would like sb.to do sth.

【注意】

①感官動(dòng)詞后接不帶to的不定式或現(xiàn)在分詞

感官動(dòng)詞后既可接不帶to的不定式，也可接現(xiàn)在分詞；接不定式時(shí)指“(看到、聽到、見到)全過程”，接現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí)指“瞬間動(dòng)作”。這種用法常見的感官動(dòng)詞：see，hear，watch，notice，feel等。如：

I heard the girl singing in the next room.我聽到那個(gè)女孩正在隔壁房間里唱歌。

I always hear the girl sing in the next room.我經(jīng)常聽到那個(gè)女孩在隔壁房間里唱歌。

②在使役動(dòng)詞make，let，have后跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)。如：

My mom often lets me help her clean the house.

(5) 作定語

The park is a great place to have fun.

He has no place to live in.

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí)，被修飾的名詞為它的邏輯賓語。如果動(dòng)詞不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要帶上必要的介詞。

(6) 作狀語

主要作目的狀語，也可作結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是主語發(fā)出的。如：

She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.(目的狀語)

Paul is too excited to say anything.(結(jié)果狀語)

I am sorry to hear that your mother was ill in hospital.(原因狀語)

(7)動(dòng)詞不定式的特殊句型

①too…to…表示“太……而不能……”。如：

The boy is too young to look after himself.那個(gè)男孩太小不能照顧自己。

②…enough to…表示“……足夠……”。如：

He is old enough to go to school.他到了上學(xué)的年齡了。

③Why don't you ＋不帶to的不定式？＝Why not＋不帶to的不定式？如：

Why don't you get her a photo album？＝Why not get her a photo album？為什么不給她買個(gè)相冊(cè)呢？

④had better＋(not)＋不帶to的不定式。如：

You'd better not stay there today.你今天最好別待在那兒。

⑤prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.“寧愿做某事而不愿做某事”。如：

She prefers to receive a small gift that has some thought behind it rather than receive a lot of money.她寧愿收到一份有意義的小禮物也不愿收到一大筆錢。

2．分詞

分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。

(1)現(xiàn)在分詞

①現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，可放在被修飾的名詞前或之后。如：

Baking dogs seldom bites.

②現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，如：

The girl came in the room，carrying a bun of flowers.

(2) 過去分詞

①做定語

I know the girl called Mary.

②作表語

His car is broken.

③作賓補(bǔ)：have sth.＋done：使某事被做

Mr.Smith had his hair cut.

中考題例及解析

一、單項(xiàng)選擇

根據(jù)語境或句意，選擇可填入句子的最佳選項(xiàng)。

( 　 )1.____ up early is important for your health.

A．To get　　　B．Gets　 　 　C．Got

【解析】答案為A　動(dòng)詞不定式作主語。

( 　 )2.He is too fat.He has decided ____ some exercise to keep healthy.

A．to take B．taking C．take

【解析】答案為A　decide to do sth.決定做某事，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。

( 　 )3.I'm sleepy.I prefer ____ at home to going out for a walk.

A．sleeping B．to sleep C．slept

【解析】答案為A　prefer doing sth.to doing sth.寧愿做某事而不愿做某事。

( 　 )4.Many young people took part in ____ trees on Tree Planting Day.

A．planting B．plants C．to plant

【解析】答案為A　動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語。

二、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)與運(yùn)用

根據(jù)語境或句意，用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

1．(2016貴陽中考)Our teacher often asks us ____(discuss)questions in groups.

【解析】答案為to discuss　ask sb.to do sth.，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

2．(2017貴陽中考)To protect elephants，we must save the trees and not buy things ____(make) of ivory.

【解析】答案為made　made 是過去分詞作定語，修飾名稱things，由……制成的。