| 一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí) A:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)通常表示目前階段經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 結(jié)構(gòu): 1）be動(dòng)詞的第一人稱單數(shù)為，第三人稱單數(shù)為，其他人稱為。 有一順口溜體現(xiàn)了它的用法： 我用am ，你用 are ，is 用于他，她，它, 單數(shù)is，復(fù)數(shù)are. 肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他 否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他 疑問式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他? 簡(jiǎn)略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are (否) No,主語 + am /is/are not 縮寫形式: I‘m == I am That‘s ==That is We‘re ==We are What‘s== What is You‘re == You are Who‘s == Who is They‘re ==They are Where‘s ==Where is He‘s ==He is She‘s ==She is It‘s == It is isn‘t==is not aren‘t==are not 2）行為動(dòng)詞（實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）除主語是第三人稱單數(shù)外，都用動(dòng)詞原形，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，在動(dòng)詞 詞尾加-s或-es 。 “動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)”的加法 即 “如何從動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)榈谌朔Q單數(shù)” 1、一般情況加s. 2、以o, s, x, ch, sh 結(jié)尾加es. 3、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾 改y為i +es 寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)： study play go come help teach lie listen begin open sit throw wash guess cut run relax beat eat 肯定式:主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) 否定式:主語+助動(dòng)詞 don‘t/doesn‘t +動(dòng)詞原形+其他 疑問式:Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫形式: don‘t == do not doesn‘t ==does not 注意：have的第三人稱單數(shù)為has 用法： 1.表示事實(shí),現(xiàn)狀,性質(zhì)或經(jīng)常的,習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作,常與often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等時(shí)間狀語連用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun. 3.表示在現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里所發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作 . eg. Here comes the train. 4.在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中代表一般將來時(shí) . eg.I‘ll go with you if you are free tomorrow. 一般過去時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)棗表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般過去時(shí)通常由動(dòng)詞的過去式表示。 結(jié)構(gòu)： 1.動(dòng)詞的第一、三有稱單數(shù)用,其他人稱用,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式和簡(jiǎn)略回答形式與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相似。 2.行為動(dòng)詞的過去式分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種, 規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式是在動(dòng)詞后加或,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞參照不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表,需要專門記憶。 肯定式:主語+動(dòng)詞的過去式 + 其他 eg. I got up at six this morning. 否定式:主語 + did not + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg. John didn‘t live here last year. 疑問式:Did + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形 + 其他 eg. Did you see him a moment ago? 簡(jiǎn)略回答.(肯)Yes, 主語 +did (否)No , 主語 + didn‘t. 用法 ：1.主要用于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài). eg. My father was at work yesterday. 2.表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,常與often,always 等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用. eg. He always went to work by bus last summer. 3.和when等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句連用. eg. When she reached home, she had a short rest. 4.常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語, 如… ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等連用. eg.They began the work two months ago. Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was. 不規(guī)則中尋"規(guī)則" 英語中很多動(dòng)詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，有些同學(xué)死記硬背，卻效果不佳。我們不妨共同尋找一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞中的“規(guī)則”，這樣記憶起來就會(huì)事半功倍了。 I． 過去式與動(dòng)詞原形同形。例如： let—let, put—put, hit—hit, read—read[red]等。 II．動(dòng)詞原形以ow／aw結(jié)尾，過去式常變?yōu)?/span>ew。例如： know—knew, grow—grew, throw—threw, draw—drew等。但是也有一些例外，例如：show—showed。 III．許多動(dòng)詞只要將動(dòng)詞原形中的元音字母i改為a，就可變?yōu)檫^去式。例如： begin—began, give—gave, sing—sang, swim—swam, sit—sat, drink—drank, ring—rang等。 但是win—won例外。 IV．有些動(dòng)詞的過去式以o(a)ught結(jié)尾。例如： bring—brought, buy—bought, think—thought, catch—caught, teach—taught等。 [注意]上述動(dòng)詞過去式究竟是以ought[:t]還是aught[:t]結(jié)尾，只要記住“有a則a，無a則o”即可。 即:原形中有a的， 過去式變?yōu)?/span>aught，否則為ought。 V． 以eep結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，常將eep改為ept構(gòu)成過去式。例如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, sweep—swept等。 一 般 將 來 時(shí) 一般將來時(shí)棗表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài) 結(jié)構(gòu)： 助動(dòng)詞shall/will { be (is ,am ,are ) going to }+ 動(dòng)詞原形（當(dāng)主語第一人稱時(shí)，一般用shall，當(dāng)主語為第三人稱時(shí)，用will，但主語為第一人稱時(shí)，也用will） 肯定式:主語+shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 否定式:主語+shall/will+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他. 疑問式:Shall/Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 簡(jiǎn)略回答:(肯)Yes,主語+shall/will . (否)No,主語+shall/will+not … 縮寫形式: ‘ll ==shall/will shan‘t== shall not won‘t == will not 用法: 1.表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng) 作或情況,常用時(shí)間狀語有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year. Maybe China‘s population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005. 2.表示某種必然的趨勢(shì) eg. Fish will die without water. 解析： 1.在以第一人稱為主語的問句中,常用 shall 表示提議和詢問情況,在以第二人稱作主語的問句中,用will 表示請(qǐng)求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting? Will you please lend me your pen? 2.當(dāng)主語是第一人稱時(shí),用will 表示意愿.決心.允諾.命令等. eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday. 3.在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,一般用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí). eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there. 4.be going to +動(dòng)詞原形也可表示將來時(shí). (1).表示主觀意愿.打算等. eg. He‘s going to learn English next term. (2).根據(jù)已有跡象,可能要發(fā)生的情況 eg. Look at the black clouds! ----It is going to rain. 現(xiàn) 在 進(jìn) 行 時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)棗表示目前或目前階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。( 表示“……正在（在）干……”) 結(jié)構(gòu)： is/am/are + 動(dòng)詞的-ing形式 ( 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 ) 用法： 1.表示目前發(fā)生(進(jìn)行)的動(dòng)作(不指狀態(tài)),常用時(shí)間狀語有:now, at the moment 等,并常出現(xiàn)在祈使句的句子中,與 look, listen連用. eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room. 2.表示目前階段正在進(jìn)行,而此刻不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作. eg. They are planting trees these days. 3.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,表示這種動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常與表示將來時(shí)間的狀語連用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon. 注意: 某些表示感覺或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞,如 love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). eg. Lucy prefers art to science. 練習(xí)題：（選擇填空） 一. 般現(xiàn)在時(shí). （ ）1.My English teacher about thirty years old, but he younger than he really is. A. is, look B .is, looks C. am, look （ ）2.Jim very hard, but he till a little weak in Chinese. A. studies, is B. study, is C. doesn’t study, is （ ）3.We all know that the sun round the earth. A. goes B. don’t go C. doesn’t go （ ）4.There twelve months in a year and January first. A. is, comes B. are, come C. are, comes （ ）5.Who the kite best of all, Jim. Lucy or Lily? A .flies B. fly C .are flying （ ）6. the Great Wall one of the places of great interests in China? A.Was B. Do C. Is （ ）7. you usually to school with classmates? A. Do, comes B. does, come C. Do, come （ ）8. she home at six o’clock every mornig? A. Do, comes B. Does. Come C. Do, come （ ）9. My mother like watcing TV,so she to bed very early every evening. A． doesn’t ,go B. don’t go C. doesn’t goes （ ）10.Mr Green usually newspapers after supper every day. A. read B. reading C. reads 二. 一般過去式. （ ）1.The two in the same class last year. A. are B. was C. were （ ）2.---Where you ? ----I went to buy some food for supper. （ ）3.The students in Li Lei’s class on a farm last week. A. work B. works C. worked （ ）4. that worker in a shoe factory a year ago? A. Do, work B.Did, worked C. Did, work （ ）5.---Did you find your pen ? ----Yes, I it two hours ago. A. found B. find C. finded （ ）6. your mother to work last Saturday? A. Did, go B. Do, go C. Does, go （ ）7.They not late the day before yesterday. A. did B. were C. are （ ）8. they away from school last October? A. Did B. Were C. Do （ ）9. you to school last Sunday? A. Did, come B. Do, come C. Were, come （ ）10.What they for breakfast last week? A. were, have B. did, have C. will, have （ ）11.My friend his homework fifteen minutes ago. A. finish B. finishes C. finished （ ）12.The boys only subjects last term, but this term they five. A. have, have B. had, had C. had, have （ ）13.Why Ann TV last night ? A. didn’t, watch B. don’t watch C. doesn’t watch （ ）14.They stopped here because they the way to the station. A. didn’t know B. don’t know C. will know （ ）15---Where you find your ticket? ----I it on the ground. A. did, found B. do, found C. were, find 三. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí). （ ）1.Can’t you see Uncle Wang and his friends some machines? A. is makig B. are making C.make （ ）2.My father TV with my mother now. A. watch B. watching C. is watching （ ）3.I’s six o’clock in the evening, My family supper at the table. A. eats B. is eating C. are eating （ ）4. Lucy and Lily to speak Chinese with Miss Gao. A. Is, try B. Is trying C. Are, trying （ ）5.The dog itself outside the door. A. is washing B. wash C. washes （ ）6.The students in Class One carefully to their English teacher. A. is listening B. is looking C. are listening （ ）7.Listen! The children in the open air. A. singing B. is singing C. are singing （ ）8.What’s the matter, Li Lei? I for my pen. A. am look B. am looking C. look （ ）9.Let’s go into the classroom. The bell . A. ringing B. is ringing C. is ring （ ）10.The man is badly hurt and he on the road sadly. A. is lying B. are lying C. lieing 四. 一般將來時(shí). （ ）1.The students back in two hours. A. come B. is coming C. came （ ）2.What you with your classmates this Sunday afternoon? A. are, do B.do, do C. will do （ ）3.There an English party in our class this evening. A. will have B. are going to have .C. is going to be （ ）4. Wei Hua visit the Great Wall during this summer holiday? A.Do, going to B. Is, going to C. Will, going to （ ）5.When they leave for Beijing? A. will, going .B. will, / C. do, going to （ ）6.---Where are you going ? ---I the shops for some fruit. A. am going to B. go to C. shall going to go to （ ）7.Which oranges they to buy? A. are, going B. will, going C.do, going （ ）8.My mother says that she buy me a schoolbag better than this one. A. is B. shall C. will （ ）9.Mr Green is afraid that Jim behind the other students after he comes back. A. will fall B. will fell C.is going to fell （ ）10.The students in my class harder than before this term. A. is going to study B. will going to study C. will study 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語 + “have(has) + 過去分詞” （1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示對(duì)目前狀況仍有影響的，剛剛完成的動(dòng)作（常與yet，already，just連用），或者過去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生的，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況（常與for，since連用）。例如： 1）I have just finished my homework. 2）Mary has been ill for three days. 注意：與for ,since 連用的動(dòng)詞必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而不能用短暫性動(dòng)詞如：come —be here go ——be there join—— be a member borrow ——keep leave ——be away 等等 （2）常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：since, for, during, over等引導(dǎo)出的短語；副詞already, yet, just, ever, now, before, often, lately, recently等；狀語詞組this week (morning, month, year), so far, up to now, many times, up to the present等。例如： 1）I haven’t been there for five years. 2）So far, she hasn’t enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978. ◆◇一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比較與轉(zhuǎn)換 一般過去時(shí): 與之搭配的時(shí)間副詞常用的有:Yesterday, last week, last year, at 5:30 , last weekend, last month. 有時(shí)用on weekend, this morning 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): 常用的時(shí)間副詞有:ever, never, yet, still, already ， in the past ten years; in my life; today Examples: Linda still hasn’t finished her homework. Stanley has already gotten bored with the life here in Toronto. Have you ever gone to Paris? I have gone to the post office twice today. 2、 過去完成時(shí) （1）表示過去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，這個(gè)過去的時(shí)間可以用by，before等介詞短語或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句來表示；或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。{ 表示“過去的過去 ”} 例如： 1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （3）過去完成時(shí)常用于以下固定句型： 1）by (the end of ) +過去時(shí)間，主句中謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon. 八種時(shí)態(tài)的比較 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) a.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：重復(fù)發(fā)生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作和真理。 標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間副詞： always often frequently usually sometimes every day every week every month occasionally once a month once a month once a year seldom rarely never Examples： She goes shopping every week. He reads Business News every morning. He seldom goes dancing. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Susan loves chocolate. b.表示一種狀態(tài)或性質(zhì) Examples: This tastes very good. I don’t believe my eyes. I need a car. I hate this music. c.在講述一個(gè)過去發(fā)生的故事時(shí)，有時(shí)可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的一系列事情。-This use is called the “historical present”.如在看圖說話一類題時(shí)經(jīng)常用到這一點(diǎn)。 b> Examples: h 一個(gè)美國人描述他到中國旅游的經(jīng)歷 My friend and I arrive at the capital air port in Beijing on the morning of May 25 th , 1993. Robert comes to meet with us in a taxi, and we drive to what is to be our apartment for nearly three. week. The drive is culture shock number one. We see people everywhere. Also, Beijing seems to be more modern than its has been written in all the books on China I have read. My friend and I are extremely astonished by the number of bicycles on the road, truly the kingdom of bicycles. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： a.正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 常用的時(shí)間狀語：（right）now at the（this）moment at present ;,?|Lm Examples： Robert is teaching at this moment。 Mendel is working on the first draft of his essay。 I’m looking for my umbrella right now. He’s enjoying a holiday right now. b.表達(dá)在現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，但是動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行。 常用的時(shí)間副詞：these days Nowadays today this semester/quarter this week/month/year Examples: He’s relaxing this week. He’s working as a librarian this semester. c.對(duì)一類經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情所表達(dá)的強(qiáng)烈情感 常用的時(shí)間副詞：Always Forever constantly Examples: He’s always complaining.（他怎么總是抱怨。） You’re always dancing.（你怎么總是跳舞，是不是太多了吧。） ◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 表達(dá)的動(dòng)作不表明動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始或已進(jìn)行了多長時(shí)間。 Examples: Helen and Tom are happily married. Bruce listens to the news every morning. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí): a.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表達(dá)的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,但句子總是表明動(dòng)作是什么時(shí)候開始的。 Examples: Helen and Tom have been happily married since their wedding day 60 years ago. Bruce has listened to the news all his life without missing a day. b.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用的兩個(gè)詞: For and Since For:表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的一段時(shí)間。如:for two minutes/weeks/years；for several days/a long time/the past month 而在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)不能與之連用。 Since: 表示動(dòng)作從何時(shí)開始時(shí)間點(diǎn). 如:since 6:00/Apr. 23/last week /the accident ◆◇現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但不表明動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)候開始的。 Examples: He is waiting over there. Matthew is studying Chinese in Beijing. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：可表明發(fā)生動(dòng)作的具體數(shù)字和次數(shù)。 Examples: He has tried to pass the exam twice. ◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí) a.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 Examples: My brother was sleeping at 2:00 yesterday afternoon. My neighbor’s dog was barking at 3:00 this morning. b.二者的區(qū)別在于一般過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去同一時(shí)間兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 與之常用的時(shí)間副詞: while, as Examples; Robert was moving the lawn while Susan was fixing the car. As Michael was visiting Paris, Robert was teaching English classes in Beijing. ◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去將來時(shí) 二者的區(qū)別在于過去將來時(shí)表示在過去打算做,但是沒有做的動(dòng)作.而一般過去時(shí)表示為什么沒有做的原因。 Examples: I was going to become a rock star but I didn’t know the right people in the music business. ◆◇一般過去時(shí)和過去完成時(shí) 二者的區(qū)別在于過去完成時(shí)表示在過去的過去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Examples: Mary was hungry because she hadn’t eaten breakfast. Charlie lost his way to the hotel although he had been there a few days earlier. I realized that I hadn’t eaten a single French Fry since I started my diet. ◆◇一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí) - 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)在時(shí)間和條件從句當(dāng)中表示將來時(shí)的動(dòng)作。 Examples: As soon as I save enough money I’ll buy a big house. When he gets back home he will phone a friend in New York. If it rains tomorrow we will cancel the camping trip. ◆◇過去進(jìn)行時(shí) { be (was,were)+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 } 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài) 試題與解析 （ ）1.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it （ ）2.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far. A. haven’t heard B. didn’t hear C. hadn’t heard D. won’t hear （ ）3.When I got to the cinema, the film ____for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was （ ）4.I’ll go with you as soon as I____ my homework. A. will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished （ ）5.If it _____tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains C. is raining D. rained （ ）6.She is going to be a nurse when she up. A. is going to grow B. grows C. growing D. grew （ ）7. 下列四句是“這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個(gè)月了。”的英譯文，哪一種不對(duì)？ A. I have had this book for three months. B. I have bought this book for three months. C. I bought this book three months ago. D. It is three months since I bought this book. （ ）8.——Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. ——Oh, how nice of you! I_____ you _____ to bring me a gift. A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. had’t thought; were going （ ）9.When I was at college I_____ three foreign languages, but I_____ all except for a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten （ ）10.The police found that the house_____and a lot of things____. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into;stolen D. had been broken into; stolen （ ）11.The volleyball macth will be put off if it____. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining （ ）12.Mary_____a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes （ ）13.The students_____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she_____ in the office. A. had writen; left B.were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left （ ）14.——Have you moved into the new house? ——No yet, the rooms_____, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting （ ）15.——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. ——What do you suppose____to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened （ ）16.——Do you know our town at all? ——No, this is the first time I _____here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming （ ）17.——We could have walked ot the station.It was so near. ——Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be （ ）18.If city noises_____ from increasing, people____ _shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept;will have to B.are not kept; have to C. do not keep;will have to D.do not keep; have to （ ）19.Tom_____into the house when no one_____. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked （ ）20.The last time I_____ Jane she____ cotton in the fields. A.had seen; was picking B. saw; picking C.had seen; picked D. saw; was picking （ ）21.We were all surprised when he made it clear that he_____ office soon. A. leaves B .woulds leave C. left D. had left （ ）22.In some parts of the world, tea with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D.served （ ）23.The pen I____I ____is on my desk, right under my nose. A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost （ ）24.——How long ____ each other before they____ married? ——For about a year. A. have they known; get B. did they know; were going to get C. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got （ ）25.My dictionary _____. I have looked for it everywhere but still ____it. A. has lost; don’t find B. is missing; don’t find C. has lost; haven’t found D. is missing; haven’t found （ ）26.——Can I join the club, Dad ? ——You can when you ____ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got （ ）27.—— I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —— Oh, not at all . I____ here only a few minutes. A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be （ ）28.——Do you like the material（材料）? ——Yes, it_____ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt （ ）29.I don’t really work here. I____ until the new secretary arrives. A. just help out B. have just helped out C. am just helping out D. is completed （ ）30.I need one more stamp before my collection_____. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed （ ）31.——Your phone number again? I____ quite catch it. ——It’s 9568442. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t （ ）32 .—— _____the sports meet might be put off. —— Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told （ ）33.As she ____the newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell （ ）34.You don’t need to describe her, I____ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet （ ）35.I don’t think Jim saw me; He ____ into space. A. just stared B. was just staring C. has just stared D. had just stared （ ）36. ——____my glasses? ——____ Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago. A. Do you see B. Had you seen C. Would you see D. have you seen （ ）37. Helen ____ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ____ home. A. has left ;comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come （ ）38. I first met Lisa three years ago. She ____at a radio shop at the time. A. has worked B. was working C. has been working D. has worked （ ）39. ——Who is Jerry Cooper? ——_____? I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting. A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Hadn’t you meet him yet C. Didn‘t’ you meet him yet D. Haven’t you met him yet （ ）40.—— Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ——I____ , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did （ ）41.The Chinese Communist Party _____ in Shanghai in 1921. A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded （ ）42.Great changes______ in my home town since liberation. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place （ ）43.The water will be further polluted unless some measures_____. A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken （ ）44. He’ll be an astronaut by the time he _____ thirty. A. is B. had been C. will be D. is going to be （ ）45.The____look on his face suggested that he____ that. A. surprising; hadn’t expected B. surprised; hadn’t expected C.surprising; would expect D. surprised; shouldn’t expect 【試題解析】 選C。該句的含義是“他走進(jìn)辦公室，坐下來然后開始填表”。根據(jù)前面的stepped into the office后面的began to fill in the forms這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作能夠推斷出，sat與他們是一個(gè)主語發(fā)出的三個(gè)并列動(dòng)作，故形式應(yīng)一致，也用一般過去式。 選A。 選C。在這個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句中，主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句謂語動(dòng)作之前，即“電影開演了十分鐘”在“到達(dá)電影院”之前，故主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)，又因?yàn)?/span>begin這個(gè)動(dòng)作無法延續(xù)，所以用be動(dòng)詞加上副詞on來表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)。 選B。當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，條件狀語從句和時(shí)間狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。 選B。 選B。 選B?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句和段時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)必須用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。本題A、B兩句都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)肯定句，而且都有時(shí)間狀語。have是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而buy是瞬時(shí)性動(dòng)詞，所以A對(duì)，B不對(duì)。C、D兩種譯法采用一般過去式，其兩種說說法也都是正確的，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們注意這種表達(dá)方法。 選B。句意是“我過去從來沒想到你會(huì)給我?guī)ЪY物。”現(xiàn)在收到了禮物，用How nice of you!這一感嘆句來表達(dá)內(nèi)心的喜悅心情。 選B。第一分句中時(shí)間狀語從句是一般過去時(shí)，所以主句也應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)，而but連續(xù)的第二分句表示的卻是一個(gè)延續(xù)到目前的狀態(tài)，與第一分句有對(duì)比之意，即過去與現(xiàn)在對(duì)比。第二個(gè)分句可以視為省略了now,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意是：“我在大學(xué)時(shí)能說三門外國語，但現(xiàn)在除了幾個(gè)單詞之外幾乎全忘光了。” 10.選D。賓語從句中的動(dòng)作break into與steal發(fā)生在found這一過去時(shí)之前，因此用過去完成時(shí)。且house與break into,things與steal有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 11.選B。主句用一般將來時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 12、選C。全句意思表示第一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，這時(shí)突然發(fā)生了另一個(gè)動(dòng)作。When是并列連詞，相當(dāng)于and at that time(moment). 13、選D。 14、選A。答話中的not yet，說明沒搬入新房的原因是“房間正在被粉刷。”用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。 15、選C。從原題中的We could have walked to the station,it was so near，是一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣，言外之意是“如果我們知道車站這樣近，就會(huì)步行去了，而出租車毫無必要”。但實(shí)際上并不知道，所以乘了出租車。根據(jù)這一情景，考生便可得知A為正確答案。 16、選B。It/This is+序數(shù)詞+time+that的句型中，that從句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 17、選A。 18、選A。在真實(shí)條的狀語從句中，主句應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且city noises和keep是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 19、選A。slip into這個(gè)“點(diǎn)”動(dòng)作發(fā)生在look這個(gè)動(dòng)詞之中，所以第一空用一般過去，第二空用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。意思是：“當(dāng)沒有人看見的時(shí)候，湯姆溜進(jìn)了屋內(nèi)。” 20、選D。表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。the last time相當(dāng)于從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。 21、選B。soon這一信息詞告訴考生應(yīng)選擇將來時(shí)。且主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是made,故用過去將來時(shí)。全句意思是：“當(dāng)他表明不久將離任時(shí)，我們都覺得吃驚。” 22、選B。 23、答案選B。right under my nose這一信息句可暗示考生，該句是說：“我原以為已經(jīng)丟失了的鋼筆，現(xiàn)在在我的書桌上，就在我的眼前。” 原以為用thought,且“丟”發(fā)生在thought之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。 24、選D。問句中How long可以提示考生應(yīng)該同完成時(shí)連用，而before所接的時(shí)間狀語表進(jìn)時(shí)。其主語應(yīng)該用過去完成時(shí)。因?yàn)榇鹁淇梢宰C明，他們是先相識(shí)一年多后才結(jié)婚。 25、選D。該題的考試目標(biāo)為同義詞用法上的區(qū)別和時(shí)態(tài)。miss和lose均為“丟失”的意思，但前者用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，而后者常用過去分詞形式，被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)這一規(guī)則，可排除A和C。I have looked for it everywhere一句和but still…可以暗示，第二個(gè)空格應(yīng)填入現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的選項(xiàng)。 26、選A。 27、選A。“道歉”用的是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。答案中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 28、選C。當(dāng)feel用做系動(dòng)詞時(shí)，表示在說話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。答案中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。 29、選C。 30、選D。before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，collection與complete之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以答案為D。全句意思是：“我所集的郵票還差一張才能成整套。” 31、選A。原題中的Your phone number again?可理解為Could/Would you tell me your phone nunber again?Ididn’t catch it(just now).表示我剛才沒有聽清楚。在電話用語中，如沒聽清對(duì)方，用一般過去時(shí)表示。 32、選A。原題中的it all depends on the weather這一信息句可告訴考生，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 33、選B。 34、選B。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作“見過她”對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響“不必再描述她了”，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 35、選B。這句話可理解為I don’t think Jim saw me at that time,because at that time,he was just staring into space.stare既可作及物動(dòng)詞，也可作不及物動(dòng)詞，意思“凝視，盯著看”。 36、選D。根據(jù)問句和答句中時(shí)態(tài)的提示?？梢灾绬柧湟矛F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)來表示“你是否看到我的眼鏡一事”與答句對(duì)應(yīng)。 37、選D。第一空應(yīng)填過去完成時(shí)，因?yàn)檫z落鑰匙的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。在過去時(shí)間里，等丈夫?qū)⒁丶?，?yīng)用過去將來時(shí)。 38、選B。從“我第一次遇見lisa是在三年前”可知，且后文有“at the time”該句應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，故排除A項(xiàng)。at the time不能與完成時(shí)連用，故排除C、D項(xiàng)。 39、選D。從“Who is Jerry Cooper?”可知，填D項(xiàng)。因?yàn)椋F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，指發(fā)生在過去的事（下文已告之）與上文一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)有聯(lián)系。 40、選C。表示正打算做某事或某事正在進(jìn)行之中所發(fā)生的另外一件事。此句可以這樣來理解：Iwas going when an unexpected visitor arrived.選項(xiàng)C之后省略一個(gè)地點(diǎn)名詞。 41、選C。found（創(chuàng)建）這個(gè)詞在漢語里好像沒有語態(tài)，如受漢語影響，在用英語表達(dá)時(shí)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)就錯(cuò)了。found的過去分詞是founded. 42、選C。take place不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。類似take place的還有break out,belong to,happen,disappear,last(持續(xù))，suffer（遭受）等。 43、選B。主句中為一般將來時(shí)，unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來，而“措施”應(yīng)該是“被采取”，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如果不采取措施，這水就會(huì)進(jìn)一步受到污染。 44、選A。主句中用的是一般將來時(shí)，by the time引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。表示將來。句意為：“到他三十歲時(shí)，他就會(huì)成為一句宇航員。” 45、選B。該句的含義是“他臉上驚奇的神情表明了那件事使他出乎意料”。有人以為surprise的變化形式修飾了look,look為物而誤選了A。實(shí)際上surprising的含義是“（某物，某事）令人吃驚”，而該句表示的意思不是他的表情令人吃驚，而是他本身吃驚。 | 
