不少單項填空題干是由學生并不那么熟悉的句式構成的，這無形中增加了試題的難度。要答好這類試題，就必須設法將復雜的、不常見的句式還原成簡單的、常見的句式，以便快速地把握句子結構，理解題目意思。還原的方法歸納起來主要有以下幾種：
1. 將疑問句還原成陳述句；
2. 將感嘆句還原成陳述句；
3. 將倒裝語序還原成正常語序；
4. 將省略句還原成完整的句子；
5. 將強調句式還原成一般句式；
6. 將被動語態(tài)還原成主動語態(tài)；
7. 將復合句還原成簡單句。
試做下列各題： 1. Is this factory _______you visited the other day? A. the one B. that C. where D. when 2. Who did the teacher _______ the article? A. have written B. have write C. had written D. has writing 3. Is ______you want to say? A. that all B. all that C. all what D. what 4. Was it ___she heard with her ears __ really made her frightened? A. what; that B. because; that C. that; which D. what; / 5. How pleased the Emperor was ______ what the cheats said! A. hearing B. heard C. hear D. to hear 6. _______what the six blind men said sounded! A. How foolishly B. How foolish C. What foolishly D. What foolish 7. To all of you _______honour for the success. A. belongs to B. belong to C. belongs D. belong 8. Here is a notebook, in which _______the names of the visitors. A. write B. written C. were written D. was written 9. Never _________ she praised ______ what she did. A. did; for B. did; of C. was; for D. was; of 10. John plays football _______, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as 11. Could you give us the reason why you didn't do as ______? A. were told B. to be told C. told to D. told 12. It was _____the old clock that the old man spent the whole morning at home. A. repaired B. repairing C. to repair D. in repair 13. It was during the Liberation War ______ he died. A. that B. which C. in which D. when 14. Was it _______yesterday evening _______you met him? A. on; that B. on; when C. until; that D. not until; that 15. The students are ______ to hand in the exercises before class. A. wished B. hoped C. agreed D. promised 16. Charles Babbage is generally considered______ the first computer. A. to invent B. to have invented C. inventing D. having invented 17. His lost eyesight was_____ by his ever sharpening sense of hearing. A. made up for B. made up of C. made use of D. made of 18. The blackboard was wiped______. A. clean B. cleaned C. cleanly D. to be cleaned 19.The car________ she was traveling was late. A. which B. by which C. on which D. in which 20. Is this the watch you wish to_______? A. repair it B. have repaired it C. have it repaired D. have repaired 21.Would you please point out the mistakes in my composition, if________ ? A. any B. none C. some D. anything 22. Is _______ he said it worth believing? A. all what B. what C. it D. that 23. Whom would you rather have_________ with you this time? A. to go B. go C. gone D. going 24. --- __________ you did? --- No, as a matter of fact, I didn't need to. A. That is what B. What is that C. Is that what D. Is what that 25. ________ everything he had taken away from him? A. Was B. Should C. Did D. Had 26. Has everything________ can be done__________? A. what; done B. that; been done C. that; already done D. what; already been done 27. Is this the school_______ you visited some foreigners a few months ago? A. that B. which C. the one D. where 28. Where was________ the traffic accident happened last night? A. it that B. it C. the place that D. the place 29. Whose eyes________ it that he saw in the darkness? A. was B. were C. is D. are 30. It was______ the neighbours saw catch the thief. A. him that B. he that C. said that D. where 31. Along the paths stood some signs,________ was written / ! Keep Off The Grass! /" A. on which B. in which C. which D. that 32. Rather than________ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding 33. They want to see how civilized(馴化) the animal can______. A. experience B. change C. develop D. become 34. ________ it snow, the crops would grow better. A. were B. Were to C. Should D. Would 35. The boy I considered________ cheated in the exam. A. being honest B. to be honest C. was honest D. that is honest 36. Did_________ on time make her teacher angry? A. not to come B. her not to come C. her not coming D. not her coming [附] 強調 1. 英語中表示強調的有強調句型It is..., that...; It was...that.... 強調句型只有兩個時態(tài)，即 It is 和It was, 后跟被強調部分，然后用 that.... 被強調的是句子的主語，賓語和狀語。狀語可以是副詞，介詞短語或從句。如果被強調的是人，可以用who. 例句： A．It was in the morning that he often went to see his friend. B. It is I who am your close comrade-in-arms. C. What is it that you want me to do? 2. 強調用法，只用于肯定句中，用do, does 或did加動詞原形。 A． Do be here on time. (千萬要準時來呀。) B． The family did send him to school. C. He does know all about it. 3. 在否定句中，如果表示強調，多在句尾加at all. 例如： A． I know nothing about it at all. B. He didn't do his homework at all. 4. 當遇到not ...until...這一句型變成強調句型時，一定要用：It is(was)not until...that.... 例句： A． It ws not until yesterday that I knew he ws coming. (I didn't know he was coming until yesterday.) B. It was not until I grew up that he told me all about it. (He didn't tell me anything about it until I grew up.) C. It is not until six o'clock that he will go to school. (He wont' go to school until six o'clock.)
答案及簡析： 1. A。乍看題干，很可能會有學生將this factory當作先行詞而誤選B或C，但若將題干還原成陳述句，便會清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)句中缺少表語，四個選項中唯有A項可以當表語。 2. 選B。 因助動詞did后須接動詞原形，首先可將C、D排除；再將題干還原成陳述句，這時可發(fā)現(xiàn)句中有 "have+復合賓語"這一結構，而the teacher 與write之間系主謂關系，故A也應排除。 3. 選A。 將題干還原成陳述句后可知，that充當主語，先行詞all以及后面的定語從句作表語。 4. 選A。 只要將題干還原成陳述句，便可發(fā)現(xiàn)這是一個強調結構，即答案應在A、B之間，根據句子結構和意義較易排除B。 5. 選D。答題時，肯定會有學生因動詞was而選A或B，但若將題干還原成：The Emperor was pleased ______ what the cheats had said. 這一陳述句，便會發(fā)現(xiàn)句中有be pleased to do這樣一個句型，動詞不定式在此充當原因狀語。 6. 選B。將題干還原成陳述句后即可清楚地發(fā)現(xiàn)空格處充當的是表語。 7. 選C。答題時，有的學生會誤將all of you當作主語而選B或D，但若將題干由倒裝語序還原成正常語序：The honour for the success _______to all of you. 就會發(fā)現(xiàn)主語實為抽象名詞the honour,故謂語應用單數。 8. 選C。 從句系倒裝語序，主語實際上是the names...。 9. 選C。 正常語序是She was never praised for what she did。 10. 選B。題干中的插入語部分明顯有省略現(xiàn)象，這無形中增加了學生答題的困難，困難之一是搞不清David是主語還是呼語。但若將省略的部分補回，使題干成為這樣一個完整的句子：John plays football_____ David does if John does not play better that David does. 便不難看出David 系主語，即答案在B、D之間，而D項通常用于否定句，應予排除。 11. 選C。 as從句系一省略結構，補全后為: as you were told to do, 題干中省略了從句的主語和系動詞（不可只省一者），還省略了不定式（省略不定式時，符號to應予保留）。 12. 選B。 只要將該強調句式還原成一般句式，即可看出句中有spend some time doing sth. 這樣一個句型。 13. 選A。判斷是強調結構，還是含有定語從句的復合句的方法是，將表語代入從句，若句子完整即為強調結構，反之為含有定語從句的復合句。本句是強調結構。 14. 選D。 還原后的陳述句為： Not until yesterday evening did you meet him. (= You didn't meet him until yesterday evening.) 15. 選A。 看到該題，有的學生會認為四個選項似乎都可選用，因為這四個動詞均能接動詞不定式，但只要我們將原句改為主動語態(tài)便會發(fā)現(xiàn)空格后接的是sb to do這樣一個復合結構，四個動詞中唯有wished 能接這樣的結構。 16. 選B。 還原成主動句后可知，句中有consider(認為)sb to do 這樣一個句型。而選項A 根據動作的先后關系不難排除。 17. 選A。 將原句還原成主動句后可以更準確地把握主、賓語之間的邏輯關系。本題只有選make up for(彌補)，句子才合乎邏輯。 18. 選A。 還原成主動句可以更清楚地看出空格處是補語，應選用形容詞clean來充當。 19. 選D。答題時，學生一般都能很快排除A，因為travel 與the car 之間并不存在動賓關系；亦能排除C，因為in、on 兩個介詞中，car 通常只與前者搭配；而在剩下的兩個選項中，卻極容易誤選B，為什么B 是錯誤的呢？為便于理解，我們不妨將題干先轉換為這樣兩個簡單句：She was traveling _____the car.（car前的冠詞不可丟，因為題干中的關系代詞which d 意義上等同于先行詞the car。）The car was late. 由于by car系習語，car前不能加入冠詞，故空格處只能填in. 20. 選D。先將復合句還原成兩個簡單句：Is this the watch? You wish to have it repaired. 不難發(fā)現(xiàn)it 指代的是the watch，而在定語從句中，it 的句法作用已被關系代詞（盡管已經省略）所替代，故應將it 舍去，以免重復。 同學們，通過以上典型試題的分析與講練，請同學們再分析剩下的練習。 21---36：ADBCA BDAAA ACDCB C
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