英語構詞法在高考中的應用
語法要點：1.各類詞性的正確使用及轉化 2.運用構詞法知識猜測語境中詞的語義3.通過理解和掌握構詞法擴大詞匯量
考情分析：
1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07高考)
2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature)course.( 08 高考)
3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考)
4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thankedhis student very much for the sweet water.(10高考)
考點精講：
Friendships change as our needs and lifestyleschange.
Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troublesyou.
They watched the train until it disappeared in thedistance.
英語構詞法主要有三種方法：
1.合成(Compounding):由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞
eg. house( 房子)+ wife(妻子)----housewife(家庭主婦)
2.轉化(Conversion):由一個詞類轉化為另一個詞類:
eg. water ( n.)水 --- water ( v.)澆水
3.派生(Derivation):通過加前綴或后綴構成另外一個詞:
eg. happy---- unhappy 加前綴一般不改變原詞的 ，只改變其 。
happy---- happiness加后綴改變了原詞的
一、合成法：
…Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal withproblems, such as shoplifters, who always take away thingsfrom the shop without paying for them. …
What does the word “shoplifter” mean?
A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推銷員
C.商店里的老客戶 D.商店里的搬運工
注意：___________________________________________________________
請你猜一猜下列劃線的詞的詞義。
1.For them, playing well and winning are oftenlife-and-death affairs.
2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity. Sharp words from ateacher can usually bring a day-dreaming studentdown-to-earth.
3.For a time we wrote, and her letters were the highlight ofthose terrible endless years.
二、轉化法：
He is a man with broad shoulders.
We will shoulder the responsibilities at anytime.
Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of hismoney to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）
觸類旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free
三、派生法（重點）：
（一）前綴
1. 否定前綴：il- im- in- ir- dis- mis- un-non-
請為下列單詞找出適當的否定前綴：
balance concern active patient possible understand legal lucky polite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair
2. 請找出下列單詞的前綴，并討論前綴所含意義：
retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducationsubway subtitle international interview enlarge transport
歸納:_____________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
鞏固練習：
1…It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on linebecause you can’t see him. Thus someone who says that “she is a12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.
What does the word “mispresent ” mean?
A.Making a wrong judgment about
B.Understanding somebody wrongly
C.Giving a wrong description of
D.Forming a wrong opinion about
2….The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phonewhen the box is full. And a special piece of equipment breaks upthe nonrecyclables.
3…. Another myth about eyes is that they can betransplanted. It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball toa new brain…
(二）后綴
1. 常見的名詞后綴
A: 表示人的后綴：____________________________________
B: 其它常見的后綴：__________________________________
技巧點撥： 動詞、介詞、冠詞、物主代詞等詞后一般接 或動名詞,如果所給單詞是其它詞類,就要將其改為 ,并注意名詞數的變化。動詞，名詞，形容詞時都有可能會考否定形式，一定要根據語境來判斷。
(1)His (careful)resulted in the terrible accident
(2)He was one of the (visit)who thought highly of Tom, their guide.
2.常見的形容詞后綴
- al ; – an ; – ern; -ble ; –ish ; –ive; – y; -ful ; - less–ly;-ous表示具有…的性質, 或與…有關
e.g. practical , American, southern , possible,foolish, native, rainy,careless，careful
3.常見的副詞后綴:
- ly 表示方式,程度 : freely ，happily -ward (s) 表示方向 :westwards
技巧點撥： 動詞前后、形容詞前后可有 ，這時，如果所給詞為形容詞，則需將其變?yōu)楦痹~。如果所給詞為名詞或動詞，可先將其變?yōu)樾稳菰~，再加后綴-ly。另外，在答題時還要考慮副詞級的變化。名詞前面一般可有形容詞修飾語,連系動詞后接形容詞作表語。如果所需詞為形容詞時,還要考慮形容詞級的變化。如：
(1)The little girl is (extreme）eagerto know the result of the exam.
(2)What，s the (length)riverin the world?
(3)The (strength)webecome, the more modest we should be.
4.動詞后綴: -fy (使…化) ; -ize (使…成為); –en(使…）
寫出下列單詞的動詞形式:beauty modern deep rich real quick
技巧點撥： 動詞是句子的靈魂，在確定語法填空的答案時，要考慮句子中是否有謂語動詞，如果 謂語動詞，需將所給詞通過加前綴或后綴變成動詞。
兩個en含有使動用法: en -（enrich) -en (widen)
易錯點
1.Nowadays most aircraft fly highly.
2. They can watch lively broadcast ball games athome.
3."We really did very well,"cried the fairy, in a pleasingvoice,"for I found little unhappiness among the children thismorning."
強化訓練
1.Ina word, to save time is _________(long) life. tolengthen
2.Before the trip Ithought we were rich but today I learnt who is _____ (true) rich.3.The race gave a great deal of________(please).(惠一調)
4.It was his ninth year of school and his academic career seemed tobe in ruins, so I was full of _____ (angry).(惠二調)
5..and viruses, soI’m very careful not to give out my _________ (person)information.(惠三調)
6.With this the boygot up and walked away, leaving his father sitting ontheir comfortable sofa, totally_________ (speech).(廣一模)
7.Mr Chen has taught me English since Junior 1, and to showmy (appreciate) I decided to get her a present. (廣州二模)
8..… (fortunate),I then noticed that I had just10 minutes to complete the rest. (09廣州二模)
9..Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grewabit_________ (patience). （深一模）
10..“Thirty-five cents,” shesaid (rude). （09深一模）
11..I must know how to care for others and try not to (understand)them. 12. …you have done well and made great achievement inthe (entertain) field.(惠一模)
13.These people have made great __________ (contribute) to China with their work.（茂名二模）
14.．The stormdamaged several_________ (new)built buildings,…(梅州二模)
15.．Numerousstudies have shown that free play is very (benefit).It can help children become creative…(四校聯考)
16.…. they can seeplays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention thelatest _______ (excite) football match.（東莞一模）
解題心得小結：介詞，冠詞，所有格后接_____；形容詞修飾_____；副詞修飾____________________
熟悉四會單詞的意義、拼寫和詞性
注意
1.在做語法填空時，一定要善于根據上下文分析句子結構，句子成分，平時要多積累相關的單詞，熟悉其詞性，并利用好構詞法等技巧。
2.最后，要檢查一遍，大小寫問題，單復數問題，字母是否缺漏，單詞是否要雙寫（e.g.runner）不斷地通過分析句子來檢驗自己的答案。
3.平時注重培養(yǎng)：閱讀、理解語篇的能力； 分析句子結構的能力； 熟練運用語法的能力。
實戰(zhàn)演習
(1)
I hated(1)__________(wait) for her for hours without(2)______(know) when on earth she would come. Onher(3)__________(arrive),she would always hugged me, promisingnever to be late again. I used to stare at herin(4)__________(angry),telling her frankly that her(5) __________(arrive)late made me angry and that I wanted to endour(6)__________ (relate).However, she never seemed tobe(7)__________ (angrily).She told me that she always thought of meas one of her best(8)__________ (friendly)and if I left her, thatwould be a severe(9)_________(punish)to her. Finally we reachedan(10)_________(agree)that we would still be good friends, but shemustn，t be late again.
(2)
Ann walked out of the chemical factory,annoyed ather 1 (pleasant)interview with Jack,the vice general manager of thefactory.Ann was told the factory had been pouring waste waterdirectly into the river,making the water 2 (suit)to drink.Ann thought it was her dutyto 3 (close)the matterand had it reported in the newspaper.She also thought itwas 4 (responsible) forthe factory to do so.Jack thought it was 5 (proper)and 6 (legal)for Ann to report the whole thing inpublic without telling them in advance.
However,Ann regarded it most important to ensure the residents nearthe factory to drink 7 (pollution)water.She told Jack if his factory kept on polluting theriver,he was sure to answer for what he had done oneday.
(3)
It was a(1)_________(snow)winter Sunday. Jane sat in her (2)_________ (gloom) room, staring at the telephone (3)________ (sad), waiting(4)_______ (eager)for a phonecall heruncle pomised her if he could manage to find her a job. It wasalmost 11 o，clock, but the phone stillremained(5)__________(silence).She once told herself that her unclecould do nothing to help her and she thought she hadsome(6)__________(predict)power about such kind of things. However,she still felt it(7)__________(bear)when she assumed her predictioncame true, so she couldn，t help weeping. Just then, thetelephone rang. It was her uncle, telling her the manager of hiscompany agreed to give her a chance because he thought Jane wasa(8)__________(compete)girl to do the work well. Imagine how happyJane was at the good news.
（4）
After the engineer waited for two hours to have the plan(1)_______(approve),he walked out of the mayor，s office into thenarrow street, thinking that the administrativeformalities must(2)_______ (simple)to make things easier, the narrowstreets of the city should(3)__________(wide)and another theatre should be built (4)_______ (rich)people，slife after work. More money should bespend(5)__________(industry)the city. Besides it wasimportant(6)_________(deep)and(7)________(wide) the river so thatthere would be less flood. Just then, he smelt a delicious smellout of a restaurant and he realized he hadn，t hadanything for ten hours. He then said to himself,“Why should I thinkof all this？Am I the mayor？The most important thing I should do nowis to eat something.” He(8)__________(quick)his steps towards therestaurant.
（5）
Each of us fails from time to time. If we are wise, we acceptthese(1)__________(fail)as a necessary part of the learningprocess. But all too often(2)__________ parents and teachers we donot allow our children to have the same right. We convey either bywords(3)__________ by actions that failure is something to beashamed of, and that nothing but top performance meets withour(4)__________(approve).
When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think ofDonnie. He was a shy, nervous perfectionist. His fear offailure(5)__________(keep)him from classroom games that otherchildren played with joyous abandon. He seldom answered questionsfor fear that he would be wrong. He seldom finished his workbecause he repeatedly checked with me to be surehe hadn，t madea(6)__________(mistaken).I tried my best to build up hisself-confidence. And I repeatedly asked Godfor(7)__________(direct).But nothing changed untilmidterm,(8)__________ Mary Anne, a young student teacher, wasappointed to our classroom. She was young and pretty, and she lovedchildren. Many students, Donnie(9)__________(include),adored her.With her(10)__________(encourage),Donnie becameconfident.
（6）
A father sat at his desk looking at and carefully studyinghis 1 (month)bill whenhis young son rushed in and announced,“Dad,because this is yourbirthday and you are 55 years old,Im going to give you 55kisses,one for each year!” But the father exclaimed,“Oh,Peter,dontdo it now.Im too busy!”
The boy immediately fell 2 (silence)as tears rolled down from his bigblue eyes. 3 (apologize)the father said,“You can finish later.”
The boy said nothing but 4 (quiet)walked away, 5 (disappoint)written over his face.Thatevening the father said,“Come and finish the kisses now,Peter!” Butthe boy didnt respond. 6 (fortunate),the boy had an accident and wasdrowned.His heartbroken father wrote,“If only I could tell him howmuch I regret my 7 (thought)words and could be assured that he knows how much my heartis aching.”
Love is a two-way street.Any loving act mustbe 8 (warm)accepted orit will be taken as 9 (reject)and can leave a scar.Nothing is more 10 (importance)than responding with love tothe cry for love from those who are near and precious tous.
參考答案：
考情分析1. merrily 2.natural 3.choice 4.warmly
考點精講：合成法 轉化法 派生法 詞性 詞義 詞性
一.A 1. 生死悠關的； 2.實事求是的 做白日夢的 現實的 3.最精彩的部分
二.名詞 動詞 遺愿
三. imbalanceunconcern inactive impatient impossible misunderstand illegalunlucky impolite irregulardisagree misuse dishonest disadvantage nonsmoker nonstopunfair
re-再， anti- 反對，反抗 over-太多的，在.....之上， super- 超級，過度 co- 共同Sub-下，低位，在....下面 inter-相互的， en-使， trans- 變
C 不可循環(huán)使用的東西 移植
1.表示人的后綴：-er-or -ian -ist -ese
其他常見的后綴：-ism -ion -sion -tion -ment -ance -ence
3.(1)carelessness (2) visitors
副詞（1）extremely (2) longest (3) stronger
4.beautify modernize deepen enrich realizequicken 沒有
易錯點
1.highly改為high 2.lively改為live 3.pleasing 改為pleased
強化訓練
3. tolengthen 2.truly 3.pleasure 4.anger 5.personal 6.speechless7.appreciation 8.Fortunately 9. impatient10.rudely 11.misunderstand 12. entertainment 13.contributions14.newly 15.beneficial 16.exciting
解題心得：名詞，名詞，動詞副詞形容詞或句子
實戰(zhàn)演習：
一： (1)waiting (2)knowing (3)arrival (4)anger (5)arriving (6)relation (7)angry (8)friends (9)punishment (10)agreement
二:1.unpleasant2.unsuitable3.disclose4.irresponsible
5.improper6.illegal7.pollutionfree
三: (1)snowy (2)gloomy (3)sadly (4)eagerly (5)silent
(6)predictive (7)unbearable (8)competitive
四: (1)approved (2)be simplified (3)bewidened (4)toenrich (5)industrializing (6)todeepen (7)widen (8)quickened
五： (1)failures (2)as (3)or (4)approval (5)kept (6)mistake (7)direction (8)when (9)included (10)encouragement
六:1.monthly2.silent3.Apologetically4.quietly5.disappointment6.Unfortunately7.thoughtless8.warmly9.rejection 10.important
