1. 形式一致的原則
一般說(shuō)來(lái),當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)形式;當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就復(fù)數(shù)形式:
如:
(1) He likes skating in winter.
他喜歡冬天滑冰。
(2) Alice reads much.
艾利斯看了很多書。
(3) They don’t live here.
他們不住這里。
2. 意義一致的原則
英語(yǔ)中,有些名詞或代詞形式上是單數(shù),而意義上可能是復(fù)數(shù),這時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式就須依據(jù)名詞或代詞的意義決定。
如:
(1) People there were very glad to see our team win the match.
在那里的人們看到我們隊(duì)贏了比賽時(shí)都非常高興。
(2) His family were watching TV when I got to his home.
我到他家時(shí),他家的人在看電視。
(3) Our class are working hard to make ours a good class.
我們班的同學(xué)都在努力工作以便是我們班成為優(yōu)秀班。
3. 鄰近一致的原則
英語(yǔ)中,有時(shí)幾個(gè)名詞或代詞有某些此連接起來(lái)一起作句子的主語(yǔ),此時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式就須有與之最接近的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)決定。
如:
(1) There is a desk and five chairs in his room.
他房間里有一張辦公桌和五把椅子。
(2) There are five chairs and a desk in his room.
他房間里有五把椅子和一張辦公桌。
(3) Either you or Li Lei is going to be sent there.
要么是你要么是李蕾將被派到那里去。
(4) Are either you or Li Lei going to be sent there.
是你將被派到那里去還是李蕾將被派到那里去?
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