少兒英語Phonics教學
———— Serena
English Pronunciation Teaching
Now we have two waysto teach English pronunciation.
1) Phonetic symbols
2) Phonics
What’sfor?
1) Students can have a beautifulpronunciation.
2) Students may read and remember wordseasily.
* What’s the difference between Phonics and I.P.A (InternationalPhonetic Alphabet) ？
國際音標是另外形成的一種輔助系統(tǒng)，是為母語不是英語的學習者所服務的，對非母語系學習者確實相當有幫助。學習者需要學習一套全新的符號及其發(fā)音規(guī)則。整個系統(tǒng)完整但規(guī)則相對抽象。
* What isPhonics？
It’s an approach of teaching children toread.
Phonics，即字母拼讀法，又被譯為自然拼音，是一種自然形成的發(fā)音規(guī)則。
* Why teachPhonics？
Phonics教學在美國，至少已經有百年以上的歷史了，是美國、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。適當的Phonics教學，一直被認為是最有效、最直接教授母語閱讀的方法。
English has 84% phonetically regularwords.
美國學者Adams（1990）在Phonics Instruction for the Nineties里指出，出現在初級閱讀材料中的詞匯，其語音和字母間的對應關系相當穩(wěn)定。孩子通常能從出現頻率最高的37個音組中，拼出大約500個最常使用的詞匯。
Read words kids knowand look up words they do not know.
一旦掌握了這種發(fā)音規(guī)則，孩子就不必去翻查字典而能夠順利地將單詞讀出。通過這種不用音標的發(fā)音規(guī)律可以很快學會拼讀不認識的單詞，提前進入閱讀領域，使英語學習變得簡單、快樂、有趣。
Phonics is a method of teaching beginning readers to read andpronounce words by learning the sound of letters, letter groups andsyllables. Children are taught the sounds of letters and how thoseletters combine to form words.
Phonics gives children the key to read words they know, and theskills to look up words they do notknow.
* Sounds of the 26letters:
Short vowels: a e i o u
Ais for apple. E is for egg. I is for ink. O is for octopus. U isfor umbrella.
Consonants: b c d f g h j
k l m n p q r
s t v w x y z
* Sounds of theletter clusters:
字母組合音 lettercombination
Forexample: ch sh wh th oo/u
bl pl cl fl sl gl
sc/sk (scr/squ) sm/sn
sp/st (spr/str) sw
dr tr fr cr gr pr
ph/gh tw qu
a_e i_e o_e u_e
*Plurals *pasttense
*Silent letters *Using a & an
1.Greeting
2.Roll call
3.Warming-up
( 形式豐富多樣，能有效的活躍課堂氣氛，內容最好與語音課程相關 )
* Chants and songs
T: If you’re happy and you know it give me an “A”! SS:?, ?, ?
* Games Numbers and letters （提前板書）
Together:A B C D E F G (clapyour hands)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (stampyour feet)
T: I say “one”!(stamp) SS: I say “A”! (clap)
4.Revision
快速再現已學知識，復習鞏固，并為新知識的學習做好鋪墊
內容：字母音、字母組合音或因素發(fā)音
形式：閃卡練音，以詞練音，以句練音
巧妙設計板書: a e i ou; a_e ai ay eigh; i_e igh;
o_e oa ow; u_e ew ue; e…e;u+…
5. Lead in &Presentation
引入新知識，快速簡潔
* 呈現標準發(fā)音（口形），建立字母與字母音間的關系
*呈現標準發(fā)音（口形），建立字母組合與字母組合音之間的關系
方法：
1. 形在前，音在后 (Show the letterfirst)
exp：Look, what letter is it? It’s the letter “A”!It
can make a sound like “?” / It’s not veryhappy.
Now it is crying. “?, ?, ?” …
2.音在前，形在后
( Listen to the sound and find out theletter)
exp：food, room, zoo, cool,pool
Where is the sound?
6.Drilling
通過塑造標準口型練習發(fā)音
通過多層次的操練使學生領會并能熟練應用發(fā)音規(guī)則輔助認讀.
* 發(fā)音練習(先）：以多層次重復基本音為核心，需要豐富多樣的活動
exp：1) 帶讀T: a, a, a, ?, ?,? 固定手勢
2) one by one
3) 導入詞匯：cat, cap,catch 板書
4) 帶讀: ?, ?, : cat; ?, ?, :cap …
5) T:TPR手勢及動作 SS：說字母音和詞
*發(fā)音規(guī)則練習（后）：用字母和字母音先組合、后拆分單詞 （從ABA結構開始學習辨別首音、尾音、由淺入深）（自制字母卡片）
exp：cat, bat, pat, hat（老師幫助拆分要求學生組合）
1) 教授字母a讀音
2) 先給出尾字母音 t(也可先給首字母音)
3) ?, ?, ?: ?t
4) 再復習首字母輔音 c, b, p,h
5) ?t, ?t, k, k: c?t ; b, b: b?t; p, p: p?t; h, h: h?t（加入操練活動：左手c，右手?t，越來越近，碰到一起就讀cat!）
6) 學生聽老師發(fā)音,選拼字母卡片（成詞）
7. Production
Materials for phonics class:
應該充分應用Chants,Songs或Tongue Twisters, 鞏固并體現教學成果。
*Rhymes:
Hickory, Dickory, Dock; Hickory, Dickory,Dock;
The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struckone.
The mouse ran down. Hickory, Dickory,Dock.
* Chant: Peter had a paper cup,
Paper cup, paper cup,
Peter had a paper cup,
Clap for Peter. / poor Peter!
* Songs: ABig Pig
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging,
A big pig dinging in mud.
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging in mud.
Ride My Bike
Ride my bike
Up the side of a hill,
Ride my bike
Up the side of a hill.
Ride my bike
All over the place.
Please ride with me.
Aa, alligator; b b,bird.
c c, cat; d d, dog.
e e, elephant and f f, fish;
g g, gorilla; h h, hamster.
Twolittle black birds sitting on thehill,
one name Jack, and one name Jill.*
Flyaway Jack, fly away Jill,
come back Jack, and come back Jill.
*Repeat
Teachingsteps
* Stories: Wheneverthe students are ready. We should introduce them tostorybooks.
A bat. A batsat. Arat. A ratsat.
A fat cat. A fat cat sat. Fatcat!
Today is a big day.We will go to a lake. The lake is far away. We will take a train tothe lake. We will play games on the train. We can swim in the lake.We can sail in the lake. Oh, I cannot wait. It is going to be agreat day!
Where is the white knight? Did he ride out ofsight?
Will he come out tonight? Where is the whiteknight?
Where is the white bride? Did she comeoutside?
Where did she hide? Where is the whitebride?
Where is the white rice? Did you serve it uptwice?
Did you eat it with spice? Where is the whiterice
Where us the white bike? Did it go on ahike?
Did you give it to Mike? Where is the whitebike?
* TongueTwister:
She sells seashells on theseashore.
The shells she sells are seashells.
Can you can a can as a canner can acan?
How many cans can a canner can if a canner can cancans?
*Tic-tac-toe: tic tac toe
1) b u g
2) f o x
3) y e s
4) b o x
5) s i x
6) a n t
7) l e g
* Somegames:
1）畫兩個房子，把易混的字母或字母組合音，如:p和b; ch, sh, wh;寫在里面，老師讀詞，學生拍相應的房子；
2）用學生自制字母卡片，分成兩或幾組，每組組員坐在一起，老師讀詞，學生舉首字母音相應的字母，只有隊員動作反應都快的加組分；
3）Call no. __an │ __an上來聽詞寫首字母；
4）Bingo,老師讀詞，大家一起寫自己的，如果和老師的詞在同一個格中位置，得分；
5）Call no. Listen and erase thewords.
6）j x y │ x j y
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
7）Within one breath! ( once,twice, three times)
sheep meet sleep deep bee free
8）Review some consonants: give the cards to the SS,pass the cards, T: stop SS: say the sound of the letter, from Ato …
9）Making words:
Can you give me a word with the sound“a”?
10）Passing: 傳一個口型
11）Read my lips: (as quickly / slowly asme)
I am going to just move my lips. Now you are my voice.
Three gray geese in green fieldsgrazing.
12）Who is the spy?三人同時讀，一個不出聲，猜是誰
13）Monster or Serena:
T: show cards SS: the sound of the letters
T: I’m the monster! SS: shoot
I’m Serena! kiss
14）找朋友：學生拿字母卡，根據老師的發(fā)音站隊組詞，之后全體認讀拼寫（組合）
15）Write it in turn: 分組列隊，根據聽到的聲音拼寫單詞，按順序一人寫一字母（拆分）
16）Big wind blows: 大家站成圈拿著字母卡片，邊走邊對話
T: Big wind blows, big wind blows.
SS: Blows what?
T: Blows the letter “A”.
(The student with Astands in the center and say “a, a, a, ?, ?, ?, apple, apple, ?, ?,?…” and the other students squat on their heels…)
(Passing, passing,passing the letters…)
8．Closure
總結所學知識，布置課后任務
* 筆頭作業(yè)：抄寫字母及相關單詞，制作字母卡片
* 聽讀作業(yè)：聽讀字母音及相關單詞、句子、故事(錄音作業(yè))
www.starfall.com “Ready Readers”
（來源于百度文庫http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b9c09c6427d3240c8447efb2.html）原文地址：英語自然拼讀法（四）——少兒英語Phonics教學作者：劉相前的博客
自然拼讀法（一）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4h.html
自然拼讀法（二）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4j.html
自然拼讀法（三）http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_5db099ac0100lj4k.html
少兒英語Phonics教學
———— Serena
English Pronunciation Teaching
Now we have two waysto teach English pronunciation.
1) Phonetic symbols
2) Phonics
What’sfor?
1) Students can have a beautifulpronunciation.
2) Students may read and remember wordseasily.
* What’s the difference between Phonics and I.P.A (InternationalPhonetic Alphabet) ？
國際音標是另外形成的一種輔助系統(tǒng)，是為母語不是英語的學習者所服務的，對非母語系學習者確實相當有幫助。學習者需要學習一套全新的符號及其發(fā)音規(guī)則。整個系統(tǒng)完整但規(guī)則相對抽象。
* What isPhonics？
It’s an approach of teaching children toread.
Phonics，即字母拼讀法，又被譯為自然拼音，是一種自然形成的發(fā)音規(guī)則。
* Why teachPhonics？
Phonics教學在美國，至少已經有百年以上的歷史了，是美國、加拿大本土孩子的必修課程。適當的Phonics教學，一直被認為是最有效、最直接教授母語閱讀的方法。
English has 84% phonetically regularwords.
美國學者Adams（1990）在Phonics Instruction for the Nineties里指出，出現在初級閱讀材料中的詞匯，其語音和字母間的對應關系相當穩(wěn)定。孩子通常能從出現頻率最高的37個音組中，拼出大約500個最常使用的詞匯。
Read words kids knowand look up words they do not know.
一旦掌握了這種發(fā)音規(guī)則，孩子就不必去翻查字典而能夠順利地將單詞讀出。通過這種不用音標的發(fā)音規(guī)律可以很快學會拼讀不認識的單詞，提前進入閱讀領域，使英語學習變得簡單、快樂、有趣。
Phonics is a method of teaching beginning readers to read andpronounce words by learning the sound of letters, letter groups andsyllables. Children are taught the sounds of letters and how thoseletters combine to form words.
Phonics gives children the key to read words they know, and theskills to look up words they do notknow.
* Sounds of the 26letters:
Short vowels: a e i o u
Ais for apple. E is for egg. I is for ink. O is for octopus. U isfor umbrella.
Consonants: b c d f g h j
k l m n p q r
s t v w x y z
* Sounds of theletter clusters:
字母組合音 lettercombination
Forexample: ch sh wh th oo/u
bl pl cl fl sl gl
sc/sk (scr/squ) sm/sn
sp/st (spr/str) sw
dr tr fr cr gr pr
ph/gh tw qu
a_e i_e o_e u_e
*Plurals *pasttense
*Silent letters *Using a & an
1.Greeting
2.Roll call
3.Warming-up
( 形式豐富多樣，能有效的活躍課堂氣氛，內容最好與語音課程相關 )
* Chants and songs
T: If you’re happy and you know it give me an “A”! SS:?, ?, ?
* Games Numbers and letters （提前板書）
Together:A B C D E F G (clapyour hands)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 (stampyour feet)
T: I say “one”!(stamp) SS: I say “A”! (clap)
4.Revision
快速再現已學知識，復習鞏固，并為新知識的學習做好鋪墊
內容：字母音、字母組合音或因素發(fā)音
形式：閃卡練音，以詞練音，以句練音
巧妙設計板書: a e i ou; a_e ai ay eigh; i_e igh;
o_e oa ow; u_e ew ue; e…e;u+…
5. Lead in &Presentation
引入新知識，快速簡潔
* 呈現標準發(fā)音（口形），建立字母與字母音間的關系
*呈現標準發(fā)音（口形），建立字母組合與字母組合音之間的關系
方法：
1. 形在前，音在后 (Show the letterfirst)
exp：Look, what letter is it? It’s the letter “A”!It
can make a sound like “?” / It’s not veryhappy.
Now it is crying. “?, ?, ?” …
2.音在前，形在后
( Listen to the sound and find out theletter)
exp：food, room, zoo, cool,pool
Where is the sound?
6.Drilling
通過塑造標準口型練習發(fā)音
通過多層次的操練使學生領會并能熟練應用發(fā)音規(guī)則輔助認讀.
* 發(fā)音練習(先）：以多層次重復基本音為核心，需要豐富多樣的活動
exp：1) 帶讀T: a, a, a, ?, ?,? 固定手勢
2) one by one
3) 導入詞匯：cat, cap,catch 板書
4) 帶讀: ?, ?, : cat; ?, ?, :cap …
5) T:TPR手勢及動作 SS：說字母音和詞
*發(fā)音規(guī)則練習（后）：用字母和字母音先組合、后拆分單詞 （從ABA結構開始學習辨別首音、尾音、由淺入深）（自制字母卡片）
exp：cat, bat, pat, hat（老師幫助拆分要求學生組合）
1) 教授字母a讀音
2) 先給出尾字母音 t(也可先給首字母音)
3) ?, ?, ?: ?t
4) 再復習首字母輔音 c, b, p,h
5) ?t, ?t, k, k: c?t ; b, b: b?t; p, p: p?t; h, h: h?t（加入操練活動：左手c，右手?t，越來越近，碰到一起就讀cat!）
6) 學生聽老師發(fā)音,選拼字母卡片（成詞）
7. Production
Materials for phonics class:
應該充分應用Chants,Songs或Tongue Twisters, 鞏固并體現教學成果。
*Rhymes:
Hickory, Dickory, Dock; Hickory, Dickory,Dock;
The mouse ran up the clock. The clock struckone.
The mouse ran down. Hickory, Dickory,Dock.
* Chant: Peter had a paper cup,
Paper cup, paper cup,
Peter had a paper cup,
Clap for Peter. / poor Peter!
* Songs: ABig Pig
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging,
A big pig dinging in mud.
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging,
A big pig digging in mud.
Ride My Bike
Ride my bike
Up the side of a hill,
Ride my bike
Up the side of a hill.
Ride my bike
All over the place.
Please ride with me.
Aa, alligator; b b,bird.
c c, cat; d d, dog.
e e, elephant and f f, fish;
g g, gorilla; h h, hamster.
Twolittle black birds sitting on thehill,
one name Jack, and one name Jill.*
Flyaway Jack, fly away Jill,
come back Jack, and come back Jill.
*Repeat
Teachingsteps
* Stories: Wheneverthe students are ready. We should introduce them tostorybooks.
A bat. A batsat. Arat. A ratsat.
A fat cat. A fat cat sat. Fatcat!
Today is a big day.We will go to a lake. The lake is far away. We will take a train tothe lake. We will play games on the train. We can swim in the lake.We can sail in the lake. Oh, I cannot wait. It is going to be agreat day!
Where is the white knight? Did he ride out ofsight?
Will he come out tonight? Where is the whiteknight?
Where is the white bride? Did she comeoutside?
Where did she hide? Where is the whitebride?
Where is the white rice? Did you serve it uptwice?
Did you eat it with spice? Where is the whiterice
Where us the white bike? Did it go on ahike?
Did you give it to Mike? Where is the whitebike?
* TongueTwister:
She sells seashells on theseashore.
The shells she sells are seashells.
Can you can a can as a canner can acan?
How many cans can a canner can if a canner can cancans?
*Tic-tac-toe: tic tac toe
1) b u g
2) f o x
3) y e s
4) b o x
5) s i x
6) a n t
7) l e g
* Somegames:
1）畫兩個房子，把易混的字母或字母組合音，如:p和b; ch, sh, wh;寫在里面，老師讀詞，學生拍相應的房子；
2）用學生自制字母卡片，分成兩或幾組，每組組員坐在一起，老師讀詞，學生舉首字母音相應的字母，只有隊員動作反應都快的加組分；
3）Call no. __an │ __an上來聽詞寫首字母；
4）Bingo,老師讀詞，大家一起寫自己的，如果和老師的詞在同一個格中位置，得分；
5）Call no. Listen and erase thewords.
6）j x y │ x j y
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
7）Within one breath! ( once,twice, three times)
sheep meet sleep deep bee free
8）Review some consonants: give the cards to the SS,pass the cards, T: stop SS: say the sound of the letter, from Ato …
9）Making words:
Can you give me a word with the sound“a”?
10）Passing: 傳一個口型
11）Read my lips: (as quickly / slowly asme)
I am going to just move my lips. Now you are my voice.
Three gray geese in green fieldsgrazing.
12）Who is the spy?三人同時讀，一個不出聲，猜是誰
13）Monster or Serena:
T: show cards SS: the sound of the letters
T: I’m the monster! SS: shoot
I’m Serena! kiss
14）找朋友：學生拿字母卡，根據老師的發(fā)音站隊組詞，之后全體認讀拼寫（組合）
15）Write it in turn: 分組列隊，根據聽到的聲音拼寫單詞，按順序一人寫一字母（拆分）
16）Big wind blows: 大家站成圈拿著字母卡片，邊走邊對話
T: Big wind blows, big wind blows.
SS: Blows what?
T: Blows the letter “A”.
(The student with Astands in the center and say “a, a, a, ?, ?, ?, apple, apple, ?, ?,?…” and the other students squat on their heels…)
(Passing, passing,passing the letters…)
8．Closure
總結所學知識，布置課后任務
* 筆頭作業(yè)：抄寫字母及相關單詞，制作字母卡片
* 聽讀作業(yè)：聽讀字母音及相關單詞、句子、故事(錄音作業(yè))
www.starfall.com “Ready Readers”
（來源于百度文庫http://wenku.baidu.com/view/b9c09c6427d3240c8447efb2.html）
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