中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)之完形填空
明確中考考點
中考中對完形填空的考查主要集中在：
1. 考查詞匯的辨析能力
2. 在理解篇章的基礎(chǔ)上考查靈活運(yùn)用詞匯、語法以及語篇知識的能力
3. 考查語言邏輯思維能力和分析判斷能力
中考中完形填空的篇幅和大體分值：1篇 10－15分
名師點撥
一、知識精講
（一）完形填空考查什么？
完形填空考查的是綜合運(yùn)用語言知識的能力。它不僅考查英語知識，還考查快速閱讀能力，閱讀理解能力，邏輯判斷能力。在理解整篇文章的基礎(chǔ)上考查靈活運(yùn)用詞匯、語法以及語篇知識的能力，同時考查考生的語言邏輯思維能力和分析判斷能力。是對綜合能力的考查。
（二）中考中完形填空材料的選取
1. 完形填空題的體裁多為記敘文。
2. 所選的文章一般是200詞左右的短文，語言地道，簡練生動流暢易懂，情節(jié)曲折但表述清楚，夾敘夾議，寓意深刻；如為記敘文，多側(cè)重描述故事情節(jié)變化或心理變化的過程。
【中考鏈接】
Once there was a clever farmer. Though he was poor，he decided one day to take the king a roast goose（烤鵝）as a present. He had not had 1 to eat that day, and soon the 2 of the roast goose became too much for him as（當(dāng)……時）he carried it to the king, so he ate one of its legs. When he came before the king and gave him the goose, the king 3saw that it had only one leg. Now the king himself was born with one bad leg, so he had never been able to 4properly. When he saw the goose with only one leg, he thought the farmer had 5 this to laugh at him. Of course he was very angry. The farmer was told that if anybody laughed at the king，he would be killed at once. “Where is 6 leg of the goose?' the king asked, 'All the geese（goose 的復(fù)數(shù)）in this 7of the country have one leg only,' the farmer answered. 'Do you think I'm a fool（傻子）? 'the king shouted, 'Certainly not,' said the farmer,' if you look out of the window, you will see geese with one leg by the lake.' The king looked, and there the geese were resting on one leg beside the water. The king at once told one of his men to hit them with a big stick, and of course, they 8their other legs and ran away. “There,” said the king. 'You were lying. That 9 that the geese here have two legs, like all other geese in the country', 'But it doesn't show anything,' answered the farmer,' if your men threw a big stick like that at me, I would grow two 10 legs myself to help me to run away faster.'
1. A. less B. all C. little D. much
2. A. head B. neck C. smell D. temperature
3. A. at once B. at last C. by then D. on time
4. A. come B. walk C. see D. eat
5. A. kept B. done C. made D. found
6. A. other B. another C. that D. the other
7. A. city B. village C. farm D. part
8. A. sent up B. put down C. did with D. moved away
9. A. shows B. talks C. sees D. knows
10. A. slower B. faster C. less D. more
答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. D 8.B 9. A 10. D
思路分析：
第1題much作代詞代指不可數(shù)名詞food。再根據(jù)上下文的意思可排除A、B、C項。
第2題要知道 smell 可以作系動詞，但也可以作名詞。
第3題考查多個短語的辨析：at once 立刻， at last 最終， by then 到那時為止，on time 準(zhǔn)時。所以應(yīng)為at once。
第4題選walk，從上下句可以看出，是因為沒了一條腿，所以他不能正常行走。
第5題要熟悉英語的習(xí)慣用法，即“干”這件事要用do，而不用make。
第6題之所以要選D是因為鵝有兩只腿，由于烤鵝只剩一只腿了，故國王問另一只哪里去了。the other表“兩者中的另一個”。
第7題part可指（世界、國家或城鎮(zhèn)等的）區(qū)域、地區(qū)，故選D。
第8題選put down，當(dāng)鵝要跑的時候，它會放下另一只腳，并且馬上跑。
第9題通過上邊的事情“表明”，故選擇shows。
第10題則要通讀全文才知道鵝是以一只腿站立休息的，而一旦被哄趕則放下另一只腳逃走，而人一旦被哄趕，逃跑時會渴望多長兩條腿逃得更快。
（三）完形填空主要考查以下三方面：
1. 詞匯意義：主要考查在整體理解文意的基礎(chǔ)上對詞義的判定?？疾樘攸c是：各選項孤立地放在句中，句子在語法上均成立，多數(shù)情況下意義也成立，我們必須從整體出發(fā)，通過上下文來猜測，推斷。
【狀元典例】
It took Charlie several months to save up seven dollars. He wanted to ______ a model plane and went to the shop with the money.
A. sell B. buy C. hold D. bring
答案：B
思路分析：考查動詞辨析，從上句的意思我們看出Charlie是在攢錢，而后面又提到拿著錢去商店，由此我們可以猜出是買模型飛機(jī)，故選B項。
2. 語法：孤立地考查語法知識的選項很少；但每個選項中的詞或詞組都以一定的語法形式在句中出現(xiàn)，因此有些選項既考詞義、語法，又考句法，某些選項甚至語義辨析與語法結(jié)構(gòu)一起考查。
【狀元典例1】
Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．
A. left B. would leave C. have left D. had left
答案：D
思路分析：各選項都有'離開'之意，但仔細(xì)看題干發(fā)現(xiàn)有by then作動作的截止時間，故應(yīng)選had left，為過去完成時。
【狀元典例2】
One night the dog began to bark suddenly. It made Mr Erens 1 to sleep. He had to get up and tried his 2to stop it, but the beast wouldn't stop, and kept on3.
1. A. go no B. not go C. not to go D. to not go
2. A. well B. good C. better D. best
3. A. bark B. to bark C. barking D. barked
答案：1. B 2. D 3. C
思路分析：以上3個小題中所給的答案從語意上來看都是正確的，這就要求選擇語法正確的那一個。第一個空根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，要填一個賓語補(bǔ)足語。而動詞make后面的定語補(bǔ)足語應(yīng)省去不定式符號to，且其否定式為not to do，而省去to后應(yīng)為not do，故應(yīng)選B。而第二個空顯然是一個固定搭配。語意為：Mr Erens“盡力”地阻止狗叫，所以應(yīng)選D。try one's best表“盡力而為”。第三個空顯然是keep on doing something“連續(xù)不斷干某事”之意，應(yīng)選動詞的ing形式，其答案為C。
3. 上下文理解：文章的文理脈絡(luò)和特定的上下文對詞與詞，句與句之間的邏輯關(guān)系都有客觀的限定性，因此“完形填空”也特別注意從上下文理解的角度進(jìn)行考查，這主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面：上下文暗示和上下文限定。
【狀元典例1】
A man and his wife had a small bar near a station. They often worked late into the night 1 people came to drink there while they were 2 trains. At two o'clock one morning, one man was still at a table in the small bar. He was asleep. The bar man's wife wanted to leave. She looked 3 the bar several times, and each time the man was 4 there. Then at last she went to her husband and said to him, “You 5 that man six times, George, 6he isn't drinking anything.”
1. A. as soon as B. because C. so D. though
2. A. catching up with B. getting on C. looking after D. waiting for
3. A. at B. for C. into D. out of
4. A. always B. often C. still D. already
5. A. have woken B. wake C. had woken D. will wake
6. A. and B. but C. yet D. too
答案：1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. A 6. B
思路分析：第一題由于給了不同的連詞，根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B。第二題的選項均為分詞形式，也應(yīng)從語意上選擇，其答案是D。第三題給了四個介詞，而 into 則是從外向里觀看，所以應(yīng)選C。第四題給的是副詞，still意為“仍然”，從語意上應(yīng)選擇C。而第五題所給的是同一個動詞，只是時態(tài)不同。從故事情景看，只能選表完成時態(tài)的A。而最后一題給的是連詞，由句意可知只能用but（轉(zhuǎn)折連詞）。
【狀元典例2】
We were going to play against a team from a country school. They didn't come until the game time arrived. They looked 1 than we had thought. They were wearing dirty blue jeans（牛仔褲）and looked like farm boys. We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before. We all sat down. We felt that we didn't 2 any practice against a team like that. It was already so late that no 3 could be given to them for a warm up. The game began. One of our boys 4 the ball and he shot a long pass to our forward（前鋒）. From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T-shirt 5 the pass and with a beautiful form（姿勢）he shot and got two points.
They 6 us. Then they got another 7 of points in a minute. Soon it was all over. The country team 8 us. We certainly learned that even though a team is good, there is usually another 9 a little better. But the important lesson I learned was: One can't tell a man, or a team, by the 10.
1. A stronger B. younger C. worse D. less
2. A. get B. try C. use D. need
3. A. basket B. space C. ball D. time
4. A. got B. played C. missed D. carried
5. A. caught B. changed C. started D. stopped
6. A. surprised B. kept C. broke D. hit
7. A. half B. pair C. group D. double
8. A. won B. saved C. beat D. joined
9. A. just B. already C. about D. almost
10. A. T-shirts B. clothes C. places D. points
答案：1. C 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
第1題中stronger, younger, worse和less 四個選項其語法都是正確的。由前文看不出這里為什么要選擇C，這時只能跳過這一空繼續(xù)看下文，在此提醒考生注意千萬不要逐一對完形填空作出選擇，有很多情況是后面的情景決定了前面的選擇。當(dāng)看到We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before. 和We felt that we didn't 2 any practice against a team like that. 時就能肯定填入第一個空的選項決不是比我們“強(qiáng)壯”，也不可能是“少”，更不可能是“年輕”，而是球技“不佳”，比我們差得遠(yuǎn)。而第5題需仔細(xì)考慮才能得到正確的結(jié)論。這四個動詞都可以用在籃球運(yùn)動中，但要注意的是，其后面的名詞是pass，在這里應(yīng)譯為'傳'。而這個長傳在這里決不是開始，而是被“截住”了。所以這里應(yīng)用stopped。即'攔截了一個長傳'。如選caught，則其后的賓語應(yīng)換為ball（球）。B 選項意為'改變'，用在這里不合題意。第7題，雖然很多人都知道籃球規(guī)則，投一球按兩分計算，但這里應(yīng)選哪個詞則拿不準(zhǔn)了，主要是在B選項與D選項之間發(fā)生了問題。不知double的真實意義是'加倍，翻一番'之意，還是'一對，一雙，兩倍'之意。第9題，其正確選項應(yīng)為A. just，這是由全文決定的。它的意思是不論一個隊多么好，總會有另一個隊會比它強(qiáng)出一點兒，哪怕僅僅是一點點。這也就是完形填空不易拿滿分之處。這里要提醒大家的是：語言是十分靈活的，要不斷地學(xué)習(xí)思考才會有所進(jìn)步。
（四）完形填空策略
1. 要堅持語意第一的原則，語法應(yīng)放于第二位
2. 要認(rèn)真注意細(xì)節(jié)，特別是環(huán)境和心理的描寫
3. 根據(jù)所給答案中的不同詞類，從不同角度分別考慮選擇
4. 語境的融入，不要加入個人的感情色彩
5. 文章的整體理解，上下文和上下句的理解
【狀元典例】
A polite refuse
Mr. and Mrs. King have lived in our town for nearly twenty years. They have a bookshop by the bus station. They’re _1_ to everybody and have a lot of friends. They often _2_ the poor students and sell them some books cheaply. So there’re many young men in their shop. Of course people _3_ them and their friends often call on（拜訪）them and talk with them. We can always hear their rooms are full of _4_ and quarrel.
It was a Friday evening. Mr. and Mrs. King were going to have a picnic on the island the next morning. It was a little far from our town. So they had to _5_ earlier than usual to catch a six o’clock train. After _6_ a few friends came to see them while they were cooking some food and drinks for the picnic. Mr. King and his wife had to stop _7_ them. They talked a lot and few of them looked at the _8_ on the wall. Mr. and Mrs. King were anxious（焦慮）but they couldn’t tell the visitors about it. The woman thought for a few _9_ and had an idea. She said to her _10_, “Oh, it’s eleven o’clock! You’d better stop talking, dear! Our guests are anxious to go home!”
Mr. King heard this and stood up and said sorry to the visitors and they left soon.
1. A. hard B. polite C. cold D. careful
2. A. help B. hurt C. hit D. watch
3. A. know B. understand C. meet D. like
4. A. cry B. shout C. noise D. laugh
5. A. go to work B. get up C. go to sleep D. open the shop
6. A. breakfast B. lunch C. supper D. meal
7. A. receive B. to receive C. receiving D. to accept
8. A. phone B. photo C. clock D. picture
9. A. minutes B. days C. weeks D. months
10. A. visitor B. husband C. brother D. father
答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
1. 主要考查上下文語意。根據(jù)下文have a lot of friends可以推斷出Mr. and Mrs. King待人“禮貌”，友好，故選B。
2. 主要考查上下文推理。根據(jù)下文…and sell them some books cheaply. So there’re many young men in their shop. 可以推斷：他們“幫助”窮困的學(xué)生，故選A。
3. 主要考查上下文推理。根據(jù)上文得知，別人都很“喜歡”他們，故選D。
4. 主要考查上下文推理。他們的家里總是充滿了“歡笑”，故選D。
5. 主要考查語意。為了趕早班車他們不得不“早起”，故選B。
6. 主要考查上下文推理。根據(jù)上文：It was a Friday evening. 這是一個星期五的晚上，故是“晚飯”后，故選C。
7. 主要考查動詞短語搭配。停下（手中的事）去做某事，用stop to do sth.，另外，receive sb. 表示接待某人，故選B。
8. 主要考查上下文推理。他們聊得很盡興，以至于忘了時間，也就是忘了看墻上的“鐘”，故選C。
9. 主要考查語意。這里指很短的時間，故選A。
10. 主要考查語意。根據(jù)下文：You’d better stop talking, dear! Our guests are anxious to go home! 可以判斷是對她“丈夫”說，故選B。
二、狀元筆記
如何才能做好完形填空
第1步：縱觀全文，把握大意。
第2步：閱讀思酌，精選試填。
第3步：重讀全文，校對答案。
【狀元典例】
（一）
The power of music
Everyone has his own dream, so does Mike.
Mike likes music very much. His _1_ is good and he sings very well. When he was very young, he wanted to be a great _2_. But now he is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. He has to _3_ the patients（病人）carefully every day. He often plays light music when he is _4_. He finds lots of patients are _5_ when they hear the beautiful music. So he puts a _6_ in the waiting room and plays the music _7_ his patients every day. All his _8_ think Mike is a good doctor. Tonight, there is a/an _9_ in his city. He likes the pop music very much. Can he go to the concert? _10_ not. He has to work in the hospital.
1. A. voice
B. sound
C. sight
D. hearing
2. A. scientist
B. pilot
C. musician
D. astronaut
3. A. look at
B. look out
C. look over
D. look for
4. A. sleeping
B. working
C. speaking
D. talking
5. A. nervous
B. sad
C. sleepy
D. happy
6. A. computer
B. television
C. CD player
D. radio
7. A. beside
B. for
C. near
D. by
8. A. friends
B. families
C. patients
D. workmates
9. A. movie
B. concert
C. opera
D. cartoon
10. A. Of course
B. Sure
C. Had better
D. Maybe
答案：1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. C 7.B 8.C 9. B 10. A
思路分析：
1. 主要考查語意。根據(jù)上下文得知，他喜歡音樂，因此他的聲音很好，形容人的聲音應(yīng)該用voice，故選A。
2. 主要考查上下文的推理。上文提到他喜歡音樂，因此他想成為一名音樂家，故選C。
3. 主要考查詞組辨析。醫(yī)生仔細(xì)檢查病人應(yīng)該用look over，故選C。
4. 主要考查上下文的推理。下文提到很多病人聽到美妙的音樂時都會很高興，故此處應(yīng)該是他在工作時放音樂，故選B。
5. 主要考查形容詞詞義辨析。由于這位醫(yī)生讓病人聽beautiful music, 病人會感到happy，故選D。
6. 主要考查名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)上下文可知，醫(yī)生是用CD player播放音樂的，故選C。
7. 主要考查介詞。為病人播放音樂用介詞for，故選B。
8. 主要考查上下文理解。 本文主要講醫(yī)生與“病人”的故事，此處應(yīng)填patients，故選C。
9. 主要考查上下文理解。由于下文提到他很喜歡音樂，故此處要表達(dá)有一場音樂會，故選B。
10. 主要考查語意理解?！爱?dāng)然”不能，用of course not表示，故選A。
（二）
Friendship
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasures that people can enjoy. It is very _1_ to explain what friendship is. A true friend can _2_ find pleasure in our joy and share sorrow in our grief（憂傷）. He or she is always at our side to _3_ us his or her help and comfort（安慰）.
Knowing _4_ valuable friendship is, we should be very _5_ when making friends. A good friend should have a good character; his or her activities should be _6_ and he or she should always show kindness.
If you have a good friend, don’t _7_ him or her and always trust, love and respect him or her. Friends should help _8_ when they are in trouble, and cheer each other up when they are _9_ . The most important thing is that friendships always _10_ each other.
1. A. easy B. difficult C. exciting D. boring
2. A. true B. truly C. real D. really
3. A. take B. have C. give D. hold
4. A. how B. what C. where D. why
5. A. careful B. carefully C. careless D. carelessly
6. A. bad B. nice C. good D. awful
7. A. remember B. mind C. care D. forget
8. A. another B. each other C. the other D. others
9. A. sad B. happy C. relaxed D. busy
10. A. hear B. understand C. see D. know
答案：1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. B
思路分析：
1. 主要考查語意。這句話的意思是：我們很“難”解釋友誼是什么，故選B。
2. 主要考查近義詞的辨析。can后面有動詞find，因此這里需用一個副詞來修飾行為動詞，really強(qiáng)調(diào)真實地，而truly強(qiáng)調(diào)真實意義上地，確確實實地，故選B。
3. 主要考查動詞的選用。根據(jù)句意：他（她）會站在我們這邊“給予”我們他（她）的幫助和安慰，故選C。
4. 主要考查特殊疑問詞辨析。how valuable friendship is是一個感嘆句，故選A。
5. 主要考查形容詞和副詞的區(qū)別。be careful構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，故選A。
6. 主要考查形容詞的辨析。這里是說他（她）的行為應(yīng)該是“好的”，故選C。
7. 主要考查動詞的選用。forget忘記，忽略，故選D。
8. 主要考查近義詞的辨析。help each other互相幫助，故選B。
9. 主要考查句意的理解。cheer up使人振奮，因此可以推斷出此處是說當(dāng)他們“悲傷”時要幫助他們振奮起來，故選A。
10. 主要考查動詞的辨析。understand懂得，理解，故選B。
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