主謂一致中的＂表里不一＂現(xiàn)象”
一﹑ 語法詳解
和主語必須在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,最基本的原則是:單數(shù)主語用單數(shù)動詞,復(fù)數(shù)主語用復(fù)數(shù)動詞.但在實際使用當(dāng)中情況比較復(fù)雜,現(xiàn)在學(xué)生常犯的主謂一致錯誤歸納整理如下
1,"more than one +名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:
More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一個教師得到了花.
2, "many a +名詞"作主語時,從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù),但謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:
Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多學(xué)生被派去植樹.
3,"half of, the rest of, most of, all of及百分數(shù)或分數(shù)+of 等后接名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞形式根據(jù)of后的名詞而定.例如:
Three fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.地球表面四分之三為水所覆蓋.
4,all指人時,動詞用復(fù)數(shù);all指物時,動詞用單數(shù).例如:
"All are present and all is going well." 所有人全部到場了,一切進展順利
5,what引導(dǎo)的主語從句,謂語動詞可視表語而定:表語是單數(shù)名詞時,動詞用單數(shù),相反,則用復(fù)數(shù).例如:
What they want to get is the number of good books.他們想得到的是大量的好書.
6,and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞前若用each,every,no修飾,該名詞短語作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.例如:
No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag.書包里沒有書和鋼筆.
7,當(dāng)主語后面有as well as, with, along with, together with, but, like, rather than, except等引導(dǎo)的短語時,謂語動詞要與最前面的主語保持一致.例如:
My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父親和他的同事曾去過北京.
8,each作主語的同位語時, 謂語動詞由主語來決定,與each無關(guān).例如:
They each have a bike. 他們每人有一輛自行車.
9,動詞不定式,動詞-ing形式短語作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù).例如:
Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit.晚飯后出去散步是一個好習(xí)慣.
10,the following作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面名詞的數(shù)保持一致.例如:
The following are good examples下面是一些好例子.
11,以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù).以-s結(jié)尾的名詞news, works, plastics等同屬此類.例如:
Politics is now taught in all schools. 現(xiàn)在各學(xué)校都開設(shè)政治課.
當(dāng)以-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞表示"學(xué)科"以外的意義時，用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：mathematics（運算能力）politics(政治觀點)economics（經(jīng)濟意義）等
12,有些用來表示由兩個對應(yīng)部分組成一體的名詞復(fù)數(shù)(trousers, glasses,shoes.shorts.scissors.scales等)作主語時,前面若有"一條","一副","一把"之類的單位詞,動詞用單數(shù);若沒有單位詞或單位詞是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如:
The shoes are all right. 這些鞋子都很合適.
this pair of shoes is all right.
還有一些以-s結(jié)尾的名詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)：arms（武器）.clothes.contents.minites（記錄）.remains（遺體）.thanks等
13,"one and a half +名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如:
One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一個半蘋果.
14,"One or two more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞"作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù).例如:
One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一兩個人到那兒去給他們幫忙.
15,"one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ 定語從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù);而在"the only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句"的結(jié)構(gòu)中,定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù).例如:
He is one of the students who get there on time.他是準時到達那里的學(xué)生之一.
he is the only one of the students who gets there on time.
16,表示時間,距離,金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語表達一個整體概念時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù),但若強調(diào)數(shù)量,謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù).例如:
One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百萬美元是一大筆錢.
二﹑ 專題訓(xùn)練
1. i think tom , _________ you , ________ to blame.
a. rather than ;is b. rather than ; are
c. more than ;are d. less than ; is
2. the speakers at the meeting agreed that the ways in which television can educate a person ______ almost infinite.
a. be c. are c. is d. was
3. a horse and carriage _______ not much used nowadays.
a. is b. are c. were d. is to be
4. ________ not only you but also he going to beijing ?
a. are b. is c. were d. was
5. reading books ________ one wise .
a. made b. makes c. make d. have made
三﹑ 參考答案：1---5abaab
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