主謂一致的內(nèi)容一致原則
1.主語中有all, half, most, the rest等， 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞“做主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。如：
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。
2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組， 如：part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù)。如：
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。
3. 加減乘除用單數(shù)。如：
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。
4. 表示時(shí)間， 金錢， 距離， 度量等的名詞做主語時(shí)， 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式， 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí)， 其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。
5. （1） 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。
police(警察)，people(人)，cattle(牛，牲口)等集合名詞，總是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)，其謂語要用復(fù)數(shù)：
The police were after him. 察正在追捕他。
People are beginning to talk about her. 人們開始議論她。
Cattle feed on grass. 牛吃草。
注：goods(貨物), clothes(衣服)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，且只表示復(fù)數(shù)意義：
Such clothes are very cheap. 那樣的衣服很便宜。
All the goods have been sent to them. 所有的貨物都給他們送去了。
（2）只用作單數(shù)的不可數(shù)集合名詞
clothing(衣服)，poetry(詩歌)，baggage / luggage(行李)， furniture(家具)，machinery(機(jī)械)，scenery(景色)，jewellery(珠寶)，equipment(設(shè)備)等集合名詞通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示單數(shù)意義，用作主語時(shí)，其后謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式：
Our clothing protects us from against the cold. 我們的衣服可以御寒。
All their baggage was stolen. 他們所有的行李都被偷了。
The furniture is convenient to move. 這家具搬起來很方便。
All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 這個(gè)工廠所有的機(jī)器都是中國產(chǎn)的。
（3）既可表示單數(shù)意義也可表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集合名詞
family(家庭)，team(隊(duì)，隊(duì)員)，class(班，班上的全體學(xué)生)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，crew(乘務(wù)員)，committee(委員會(huì))，audience(聽眾)，public(公眾)等集合名詞，當(dāng)它們表示整體意義時(shí)，表單數(shù)意義，當(dāng)它們強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體意義時(shí)，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義：
Her family is a large one. 她的家庭是一個(gè)大家庭。
Her family are all tall. 她的一家人都很高。
The team is the best in the league. 這個(gè)隊(duì)在聯(lián)賽中打得最好。
The football team are having baths. 足球隊(duì)隊(duì)員們?cè)谙丛琛?br>注：有時(shí)沒有特定的語境，用單復(fù)數(shù)謂語均可以：
The audience was (were) very excited by the show. 觀眾對(duì)演出甚感激動(dòng)。
The public has (have) a right to know what’s in the report. 公眾有權(quán)知道這篇報(bào)告的內(nèi)容。
6. the +形容詞/過去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物， 作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
The injured were saved after the fire.
主謂一致的就近原則
有時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的的數(shù)決定于主語中最靠近它的詞語：
Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯(cuò)了就是我錯(cuò)了。
Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老師和學(xué)生對(duì)此都不感興趣。
總結(jié)：
1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中， （有時(shí)主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)）謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。如：
Here comes the bus 公共汽車來了。
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?
你不在這兒的時(shí)候， 你愛人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？
2. 用連詞or, either… or, neither…nor, not only…but also 等連接的并列主語， 謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語在數(shù)上一致。 如：
He or I am wrong. 不是他錯(cuò)了，就是我錯(cuò)了。
Either you or he has taken it. 不是你拿了就是他拿了。
Not only the children but also the mother wants to go. 不僅孩子們想去，母親也想去。
注意這類句型的疑問句形式：
Were you or he there? 當(dāng)時(shí)是你還是他在那兒?
Are either you or he to blame? 是怪你還是怪他?
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事。
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。
注：1.在非正式文體中，個(gè)別結(jié)構(gòu)(如neither…nor)連接主語時(shí)，謂語可用復(fù)數(shù)：
Neither his father nor his mother have [has] come. 他的爸爸和媽媽都沒來。
3.one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中， 定語從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。如：
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 瑪麗是飼養(yǎng)寵物者之一。
The only one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that./which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，定語從句的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為單數(shù)。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。
【例】
111.Either you or one of your students ___ to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
A. are B. is C. have D. be
【答案】B
【解析】此處考查就近一致，真正的主語是one of your students，故用is。
2.— Did you go to the show last night?
— Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area ______ invited.
A. were B. have been C. has been D. was
【答案】D
【解析】根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語last night可以排除B、C。every /each/no ＋名詞＋and every/ each/ no ＋名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。
【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】
1. more than one girl _______ late for class this morning.
a. are b. is c. was d. were
2. mary , not her parents , _______ present at the party .
a. are b. have c. is d. were
3. about 65 percent of the students _______ good , and part of them ______ interested in biology.
a. is ;are b. are ; are c. are ; is d. is ; is
4. in this institution a medal together with a prize of certain sum of money ______ gains success in science and technology every two years.
a. are given to anyone b. is given to whoever
c. are given to who d. is given to whom
5. although many of the houses in the small town _______ still in need of repair , there ________ lots of improvement in their appearance.
a. are ; has been b. is ; have been c. is ; are d. are ; was
6. such films _______ shown yesterday _______ not worth seeing again.
a. that was ; is b. as were ; are
c. as were ; is d. those were ; are
7. this kind of apple ______ good .
a. taste b. tastes c. are tasting d. is tasted
8. he said that the twelfth and last lesson rather difficult.
a. were b. was c. will be d. are
9. great quantities of fish in the river by the fisher-men
a. is b. are c. is caught d. were caught
10. whether he will be able to pass the exam un-known
a. is b. are c. was d. were
11. it’s not you but mr anderson who ______ to answer ______ the incident.
a. are ; for b. were ; to c. is ; for d.was ; back
12. ______ neither you nor your brother interested in swimming ?
a. are b. is c. do d. dose
13. five multiplied by two ______ ten .
a. is equal b. equals c. equal with d. equal to
14. a series of debates between the major candidates ______ scheduled for the labor day weekend last week .
a. is b. are c. was d. were
15. the population of china _______ over 1,200 million and eighty percent of the population ________ peasants.
a. is ; are b. are ; is c. is ; is d. are ; are
參考答案：1---5 ccbba 6--10 bbbda 11-15cabca
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