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2020年P(guān)MP考試新動(dòng)態(tài)+考試大綱詳細(xì)解讀,我們?cè)撊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)?

相信這幾天報(bào)考PMP考試的同學(xué)都有收到一封來(lái)自PMI的郵件,剛看標(biāo)題,有些同學(xué)還以為PMP考試改期了呢,其實(shí)這封郵件是告訴大家,PMP考試大綱即將改變了,變成最新的考試大綱,該大綱適用于中國(guó)區(qū)2020年9月及以后的PMP考試會(huì)應(yīng)用新改版的PMP考試大綱。

那么PMP考試大綱主要在哪些方面發(fā)生了變化呢? 以下是匯總本次改變的要點(diǎn)以及我們針對(duì)此次改變的幾點(diǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)建議

改變的要點(diǎn)說(shuō)明

1、新版大綱從以前的以5大過(guò)程組(啟動(dòng)(13%)、規(guī)劃(24%)、執(zhí)行(31%)、監(jiān)控(25%)、收尾(7%))來(lái)劃分考試模塊改為分別以人員管理(42%)、過(guò)程管理(50%)和商業(yè)環(huán)境管理(8%)劃分出題模塊。以上百分比為各個(gè)模塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的出題比重;

2、從考預(yù)測(cè)型生命周期項(xiàng)目管理方法論改為預(yù)測(cè)型和敏捷型平分秋色,納入近一半的Agile敏捷實(shí)踐。敏捷宣言、原則和方法論從一個(gè)備考的可選項(xiàng)變成一個(gè)必選項(xiàng);

3、強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)與其運(yùn)行的商業(yè)環(huán)境的相互影響,故而商業(yè)分析的實(shí)踐能力也會(huì)在未來(lái)的PMP考試中有所側(cè)重。美國(guó)項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會(huì)所極力推廣的商業(yè)分析師(PBA認(rèn)證)考試的核心或關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容未來(lái)會(huì)成為PMP考生揮之不去的事業(yè)環(huán)境因素。

基于以上的PMP大綱改變的要點(diǎn)說(shuō)明,我們可以直接的感受到未來(lái)的PMP考試涉及的內(nèi)容會(huì)更廣,所涉及的理論體系會(huì)更加符合時(shí)下項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)踐的訴求。

在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜多變的項(xiàng)目管理環(huán)境中,項(xiàng)目管理從業(yè)者在各種各樣的項(xiàng)目環(huán)境中工作,一定會(huì)采用不同的項(xiàng)目方法。PMP認(rèn)證試圖覆蓋業(yè)界所有有效的項(xiàng)目管理方法,PMP考試范圍會(huì)覆蓋預(yù)測(cè)型生命周期(即瀑布式開(kāi)發(fā)模式)為代表的項(xiàng)目管理方法,也會(huì)考察敏捷或混合型項(xiàng)目管理方法。值得注意的是預(yù)測(cè)型、敏捷和混合型方法的考查將貫穿以上表格所列的三大領(lǐng)域中,而不是單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在某一項(xiàng)領(lǐng)域中。

以下內(nèi)容是針對(duì)具體領(lǐng)域的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明:(劃重點(diǎn),內(nèi)容較多請(qǐng)多點(diǎn)耐心)

領(lǐng)域一、人——42% People—42%

1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.5管理團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:沖突管理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第348-349頁(yè)))

管理沖突

· 說(shuō)明沖突來(lái)源和階段

· 分析沖突發(fā)生的背景

· 評(píng)估/建議/協(xié)調(diào)適當(dāng)?shù)臎_突解決方案

Manage conflict

· Interpret the source and stage of the conflict

· Analyze the context for the conflict

·Evaluate/recommend/reconcile the appropriate conflict resolution solution

2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第341頁(yè)))

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)

· 設(shè)定清晰的愿景和使命

· 支持多元化和包容性(如行為模式、思維過(guò)程)

· 重視仆人式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力(如在團(tuán)隊(duì)中實(shí)行仆人式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則)

· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)力風(fēng)格(如命令型、協(xié)作型)

· 激勵(lì)、鼓勵(lì)并影響團(tuán)隊(duì)成員/相關(guān)方(如團(tuán)隊(duì)契約、社會(huì)契約、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度)

· 分析團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方的影響

· 區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各種團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方的不同方法

Lead a team

· Set a clear vision and mission

· Support diversity and inclusion (e.g., behavior types, thought process)

· Value servant leadership (e.g., relate the tenets of servant leadership to the team)

· Determine an appropriate leadership style (e.g. directive, collaborative)

· Inspire, motivate, and influence team members/stakeholders (e.g., team contract, social contract, reward system)

· Analyze team members and stakeholders’ influence

· Distinguish various options to lead various team members and stakeholders

3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的輸出:團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第343頁(yè)))

支持團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效

· 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵績(jī)效指標(biāo)評(píng)估團(tuán)隊(duì)成員績(jī)效

· 支持和認(rèn)可團(tuán)隊(duì)成員發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)

· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)姆答佂緩?/p>

· 驗(yàn)證績(jī)效的提高

Support team performance

· Appraise team member performance against key performance indicators

· Support and recognize team member growth and development

· Determine appropriate feedback approach

· Verify performance improvements

4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 項(xiàng)目資源管理的趨勢(shì)和新興實(shí)踐(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍 P310頁(yè)))

授權(quán)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方

· 圍繞團(tuán)隊(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行組織

· 支持團(tuán)隊(duì)的任務(wù)職責(zé)

· 評(píng)估任務(wù)職責(zé)的說(shuō)明

· 決定并授予不同級(jí)別的決策權(quán)

Empower team members and stakeholders

· Organize around team strengths

· Support team task accountability

· Evaluate demonstration of task accountability

· Determine and bestow level(s) of decision-making authority

5、任務(wù) 5 Task 5

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:培訓(xùn)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第342頁(yè)))

確保團(tuán)隊(duì)成員/相關(guān)方得到充分培訓(xùn)

· 確定培訓(xùn)所需的能力和要素

· 根據(jù)培訓(xùn)需求確定培訓(xùn)方案

· 為培訓(xùn)分配資源

· 衡量培訓(xùn)效果

Ensure team members/stakeholders are adequately trained

· Determine required competencies and elements of training

· Determine training options based on training needs

· Allocate resources for training

· Measure training outcomes

6、任務(wù) 6 Task 6

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.3獲取資源過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第328-335頁(yè)))

建立團(tuán)隊(duì)

· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的技能

· 推斷項(xiàng)目資源需求

· 持續(xù)評(píng)估和更新團(tuán)隊(duì)技能以滿(mǎn)足項(xiàng)目需求

· 維護(hù)團(tuán)隊(duì)和知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移

Build a team

· Appraise stakeholder skills

· Deduce project resource requirements

· Continuously assess and refresh team skills to meet project needs

· Maintain team and knowledge transfer

7、任務(wù) 7 Task 7

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 項(xiàng)目資源管理的趨勢(shì)和新興實(shí)踐(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍 P310頁(yè)))

處理并移除團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨的困難、障礙和阻礙

· 確定團(tuán)隊(duì)的重要妨礙、障礙和阻礙

· 為團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙排定優(yōu)先級(jí)

· 使用人際往來(lái)實(shí)施解決方案,以移除團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙

· 持續(xù)評(píng)估,以確保團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙得到處理

Address and remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team

· Determine critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team

· Prioritize critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team

· Use network to implement solutions to remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team

· Re-assess continually to ensure impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team are being addressed

8、任務(wù) 8 Task 8

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)文件(商業(yè)論證和效益管理計(jì)劃)和協(xié)議(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第33、77-78頁(yè)))

協(xié)商項(xiàng)目協(xié)議

· 分析協(xié)議的協(xié)商邊界

· 評(píng)估優(yōu)先級(jí)并確定最終目標(biāo)

· 驗(yàn)證項(xiàng)目協(xié)議的目標(biāo)是否達(dá)成

· 參與協(xié)議協(xié)商

· 確定協(xié)商策略

Negotiate project agreements

· Analyze the bounds of the negotiations for agreement

· Assess priorities and determine ultimate objective(s) · Verify objective(s) of the project agreement is met

· Participate in agreement negotiations

· Determine a negotiation strategy

9、任務(wù) 9 Task 9

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.2規(guī)劃相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第516-522頁(yè)))和管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第523-529頁(yè)))

與相關(guān)方合作

· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的參與需求

· 優(yōu)化相關(guān)方需求、期望和項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)的一致性

· 建立信任并影響相關(guān)方以達(dá)成項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)

Collaborate with stakeholders

· Evaluate engagement needs for stakeholders

· Optimize alignment between stakeholder needs, expectations, and project objectives

· Build trust and influence stakeholders to accomplish project objectives

10、任務(wù) 10 Task 10

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.3管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程的工具:人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第527頁(yè)))

建立共識(shí)

· 分析形勢(shì)并找出誤解的根本原因

· 調(diào)查所有必要的各方,以達(dá)成共識(shí)

· 支持各方同意的成果

· 調(diào)查潛在的誤解

Build shared understanding

· Break down situation to identify the root cause of a misunderstanding

· Survey all necessary parties to reach consensus

· Support outcome of parties' agreement

· Investigate potential misunderstandings

11、任務(wù) 11 Task 11

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第340頁(yè)))

參與并支持虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)

· 檢查虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的需求(如環(huán)境、地理、文化、全球性等) · 研究虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的備選方案(如溝通工具和集中辦公)

· 實(shí)施虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的方法

· 持續(xù)評(píng)估虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的有效性

Engage and support virtual teams

· Examine virtual team member needs (e.g., environment, geography, culture, global, etc.)

· Investigate alternatives (e.g., communication tools, colocation) for virtual team member engagement

· Implement options for virtual team member engagement · Continually evaluate effectiveness of virtual team member engagement

12、任務(wù) 12 Task 12

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.1規(guī)劃資源管理過(guò)程的輸出:團(tuán)隊(duì)章程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第319頁(yè))和第13章 13.3管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程的工具:基本規(guī)則(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第528頁(yè)))

定義團(tuán)隊(duì)基本規(guī)則

· 與團(tuán)隊(duì)和外部相關(guān)方交流組織的原則

· 建立促使遵守基本規(guī)則的環(huán)境

· 管理和糾正違反基本規(guī)則的行為

Define team ground rules

· Communicate organizational principles with team and external stakeholders

· Establish an environment that fosters adherence to the ground rules

· Manage and rectify ground rule violations

13、任務(wù) 13 Task 13

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指導(dǎo)與管理項(xiàng)目工作過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第90-97頁(yè)))

指導(dǎo)有關(guān)相關(guān)方

· 分配指導(dǎo)的時(shí)間

· 識(shí)別并使用可指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)

Mentor relevant stakeholders

· Allocate the time to mentoring

· Recognize and act on mentoring opportunities

14、任務(wù) 14 Task 14

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1規(guī)劃溝通管理過(guò)程的工具人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第375-376頁(yè)))

運(yùn)用情商提高團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效

· 通過(guò)使用個(gè)性指數(shù)來(lái)評(píng)估行為

· 分析個(gè)性指數(shù),適應(yīng)關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)目相關(guān)方的情感需要

Promote team performance through the application of emotional intelligence

· Assess behavior through the use of personality indicators

· Analyze personality indicators and adjust to the emotional needs of key project stakeholders

領(lǐng)域二、過(guò)程——50% Process—50%

1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)文件(商業(yè)論證和效益管理計(jì)劃)和階段關(guān)口的概念(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第21頁(yè)))

以交付商業(yè)價(jià)值所需的緊迫性執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目

· 評(píng)估增量交付價(jià)值的機(jī)會(huì)

· 自始至終檢查項(xiàng)目的商業(yè)價(jià)值

· 支持團(tuán)隊(duì)根據(jù)需要細(xì)分項(xiàng)目任務(wù),以找到最小可用產(chǎn)品

Execute project with the urgency required to deliver business value

· Assess opportunities to deliver value incrementally

· Examine the business value throughout the project

· Support the team to subdivide project tasks as necessary to find the minimum viable product

2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1規(guī)劃溝通管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第366-378頁(yè))和10.2管理溝通過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第379-388頁(yè)))

管理溝通

· 分析所有相關(guān)方的溝通需求

· 確定所有相關(guān)方的溝通方法、渠道、頻率和詳細(xì)程度

· 對(duì)項(xiàng)目信息和更新進(jìn)行有效溝通

· 確認(rèn)溝通被理解并收到反饋

Manage communications

· Analyze communication needs of all stakeholders

· Determine communication methods, channels, frequency, and level of detail for all stakeholders

· Communicate project information and updates effectively

· Confirm communication is understood and feedback is received

3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第11章 11.1規(guī)劃風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第401-408頁(yè))和11.3實(shí)施定性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第419-427頁(yè)))

評(píng)估和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

· 確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方法

· 迭代評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先級(jí)

Assess and manage risks

· Determine risk management options

· Iteratively assess and prioritize risks

4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.1識(shí)別相關(guān)方過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第507-515頁(yè))和13.2規(guī)劃相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第516-522頁(yè)))

調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)方參與

· 分析相關(guān)方(如權(quán)力利益方格、支配權(quán)、影響力)

· 相關(guān)方分類(lèi)

· 根據(jù)相關(guān)方分類(lèi)調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)方參與

· 制定、實(shí)施并驗(yàn)證相關(guān)方參與的策略

Engage stakeholders

· Analyze stakeholders (e.g.power interest grid, influence, impact)

· Categorize stakeholders

· Engage stakeholders by category

· Develop, execute, and validate a strategy for stakeholder engagement

5、任務(wù) 5 Task 5

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第7章 7.3制定預(yù)算過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第250-256頁(yè))和9.1規(guī)劃資源管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第312-320頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理預(yù)算與資源

· 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目范圍和以往項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)來(lái)估計(jì)所需預(yù)算

· 預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的預(yù)算挑戰(zhàn)

· 監(jiān)控預(yù)算偏差,并根據(jù)需要配合治理過(guò)程做出調(diào)整

· 規(guī)劃和管理資源

Plan and manage budget and resources

· Estimate budgetary needs based on the scope of the project and lessons learned from past projects

· Anticipate future budget challenges

· Monitor budget variations and work with governance process to adjust as necessary

· Plan and manage resources

6、任務(wù) 6 Task 6

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第6章 6.5制定進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的工具敏捷發(fā)布規(guī)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第216頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理進(jìn)度

· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目任務(wù)(里程碑、依賴(lài)關(guān)系、故事點(diǎn))

· 利用標(biāo)桿對(duì)照和歷史數(shù)據(jù)

· 基于方法論準(zhǔn)備制定進(jìn)度

· 基于方法論衡量持續(xù)進(jìn)展

· 基于方法論,按需要修改進(jìn)度

· 協(xié)調(diào)其他項(xiàng)目和運(yùn)營(yíng)

Plan and manage schedule

· Estimate project tasks (milestones, dependencies, story points)

· Utilize benchmarks and historical data

· Prepare schedule based on methodology

· Measure ongoing progress based on methodology

· Modify schedule, as needed, based on methodology

· Coordinate with other projects and other operations

7、任務(wù) 7 Task 7

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第8章 8.1規(guī)劃質(zhì)量管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第277-287頁(yè))和8.2管理質(zhì)量過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第288-297頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理產(chǎn)品/可交付成果的質(zhì)量

· 確定項(xiàng)目可交付成果的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

· 根據(jù)質(zhì)量差距推薦改進(jìn)方案

· 持續(xù)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目可交付成果的質(zhì)量

Plan and manage quality of products/deliverables

· Determine quality standard required for project deliverables

· Recommend options for improvement based on quality gaps · Continually survey project deliverable quality

8、任務(wù) 8 Task 8

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第5章 項(xiàng)目范圍管理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第129-171頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理范圍

· 確定需求及其優(yōu)先級(jí)

· 范圍分解(如WBS,待辦事項(xiàng)列表)

· 監(jiān)控和確認(rèn)范圍

Plan and manage scope

· Determine and prioritize requirements

· Break down scope (e.g., WBS, backlog)

· Monitor and validate scope

9、任務(wù) 9 Task 9

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第82-89頁(yè)))

整合項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃活動(dòng)

· 合并項(xiàng)目/階段計(jì)劃

· 評(píng)估合并的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃之間的依賴(lài)關(guān)系、差距和持續(xù)商業(yè)價(jià)值 · 分析收集的數(shù)據(jù)

· 收集并分析數(shù)據(jù)以做出明智的項(xiàng)目決策

· 確定關(guān)鍵信息需求

Integrate project planning activities

· Consolidate the project/phase plans

· Assess consolidated project plans for dependencies, gaps, and continued business value

· Analyze the data collected

· Collect and analyze data to make informed project decisions

· Determine critical information requirements

10、任務(wù) 10 Task 10

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.6實(shí)施整體變更控制過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第113-120頁(yè)))

管理項(xiàng)目變更

· 預(yù)測(cè)并接受變更需要(如遵循變更管理實(shí)踐)

· 確定應(yīng)對(duì)變更的策略

· 根據(jù)方法論執(zhí)行變更管理策略

· 確定變更響應(yīng)措施以推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目前進(jìn)

Manage project changes

· Anticipate and embrace the need for change (e.g., follow change management practices)

· Determine strategy to handle change

· Execute change management strategy according to the methodology

· Determine a change response to move the project forward

11、任務(wù) 11 Task 11

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第12章 12.1規(guī)劃采購(gòu)管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第466-481頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理采購(gòu)

· 定義資源要求和需求

· 溝通資源需求

· 管理供應(yīng)商/合同

· 規(guī)劃和管理采購(gòu)策略

· 制定交付方案

Plan and manage procurement

· Define resource requirements and needs

· Communicate resource requirements

· Manage suppliers/contracts

· Plan and manage procurement strategy

· Develop a delivery solution

12、任務(wù) 12 Task 12

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃過(guò)程的輸出配置管理計(jì)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第88頁(yè)和第118頁(yè)))

管理項(xiàng)目工件

· 確定管理項(xiàng)目工件的需求(內(nèi)容、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人員等)

· 確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目信息是最新的(即版本控制),且所有相關(guān)方均可訪(fǎng)問(wèn)

· 持續(xù)評(píng)估項(xiàng)目工件管理的有效性

Manage project artifacts

· Determine the requirements (what, when, where, who, etc.) for managing the project artifacts

· Validate that the project information is kept up to date (i.e., version control) and accessible to all stakeholders

· Continually assess the effectiveness of the management of the project artifacts

13、任務(wù) 13 Task 13

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 項(xiàng)目整合管理 裁剪時(shí)需要考慮的因素(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第74頁(yè)))

確定適當(dāng)?shù)捻?xiàng)目方法論/方法和實(shí)踐

· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目需求、復(fù)雜性和數(shù)量級(jí)

· 推薦項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行策略(如訂立合同、財(cái)務(wù))

· 推薦一種項(xiàng)目方法論/方法(即預(yù)測(cè)、敏捷、混合)

· 在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目生命周期中使用迭代、增量的實(shí)踐(如經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、相關(guān)方參與、風(fēng)險(xiǎn))

Determine appropriate project methodology/methods and practices

· Assess project needs, complexity, and magnitude

· Recommend project execution strategy (e.g., contracting, finance)

· Recommend a project methodology/approach (i.e., predictive, agile, hybrid)

· Use iterative, incremental practices throughout the project life cycle (e.g., lessons learned, stakeholder engagement, risk)

14、任務(wù) 14 Task 14

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第2章 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行環(huán)境 項(xiàng)目治理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第44頁(yè)))

制定項(xiàng)目治理結(jié)構(gòu)

· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)捻?xiàng)目治理(如復(fù)制組織的治理)

· 定義上報(bào)路徑和臨界值

Establish project governance structure

· Determine appropriate governance for a project (e.g., replicate organizational governance)

· Define escalation paths and thresholds

15、任務(wù) 15 Task 15

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指導(dǎo)與管理項(xiàng)目工作過(guò)程的輸出問(wèn)題日志(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第96頁(yè)))

管理項(xiàng)目問(wèn)題

· 識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閱?wèn)題

· 用最優(yōu)的行動(dòng)解決問(wèn)題,以取得項(xiàng)目成功

· 與相關(guān)方合作找出解決問(wèn)題的方法

Manage project issues

· Recognize when a risk becomes an issue

· Attack the issue with the optimal action to achieve project success

· Collaborate with relevant stakeholders on the approach to resolve the issues

16、任務(wù) 16 Task 16

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.4管理項(xiàng)目知識(shí)過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第98-105頁(yè)))

確保知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移,保持項(xiàng)目的連續(xù)性

· 與團(tuán)隊(duì)討論項(xiàng)目職責(zé)

· 概述對(duì)工作環(huán)境的期望

· 確定知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的方法

Ensure knowledge transfer for project continuity

· Discuss project responsibilities within team

· Outline expectations for working environment

· Confirm approach for knowledge transfers

17、任務(wù) 17 Task 17

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第75-81頁(yè))和4.7結(jié)束項(xiàng)目或階段過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第121-128頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理項(xiàng)目/階段的收尾或移交

· 確定成功關(guān)閉項(xiàng)目或階段的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

· 確認(rèn)移交準(zhǔn)備情況(如運(yùn)營(yíng)團(tuán)隊(duì)或下一階段)

· 結(jié)束項(xiàng)目或階段的收尾活動(dòng)(如最終教訓(xùn)總結(jié)、回顧、采購(gòu)、財(cái)務(wù)、資源)

Plan and manage project/phase closure or transitions

· Determine criteria to successfully close the project or phase

· Validate readiness for transition (e.g., to operations team or next phase)

· Conclude activities to close out project or phase (e.g., final lessons learned, retrospective, procurement, financials, resources)

領(lǐng)域三、商業(yè)環(huán)境——8% Business Environment—8%

1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第2章 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行環(huán)境 項(xiàng)目治理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第44頁(yè)))

規(guī)劃和管理項(xiàng)目的合規(guī)性

· 確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目合規(guī)性要求(如保護(hù)措施、健康與安全、監(jiān)管合規(guī)性)

· 對(duì)合規(guī)類(lèi)別進(jìn)行分類(lèi)

· 確定在合規(guī)性方面的潛在威脅

· 使用方法來(lái)支持合規(guī)性

· 分析不合規(guī)的后果

· 確定必要的方法和行動(dòng)來(lái)滿(mǎn)足合規(guī)性(如風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、法律)

· 衡量項(xiàng)目合規(guī)性的程度

Plan and manage project compliance

· Confirm project compliance requirements (e.g., security, health and safety, regulatory compliance)

· Classify compliance categories

· Determine potential threats to compliance

· Use methods to support compliance

· Analyze the consequences of noncompliance

· Determine necessary approach and action to address compliance needs (e.g., risk, legal)

· Measure the extent to which the project is in complianc

2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第1章 引論 項(xiàng)目效益管理計(jì)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第33頁(yè)))

評(píng)估并交付項(xiàng)目收益和價(jià)值

· 調(diào)查已確定的收益

· 記錄所有權(quán)協(xié)議,以持續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)收益

· 驗(yàn)證測(cè)量系統(tǒng)是否到位,以跟蹤收益

· 評(píng)估交付方案以展示價(jià)值

· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的價(jià)值獲取過(guò)程

Evaluate and deliver project benefits and value

· Investigate that benefits are identified

· Document agreement on ownership for ongoing benefit realization

· Verify measurement system is in place to track benefits · Evaluate delivery options to demonstrate value

· Appraise stakeholders of value gain progress

3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)論證(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第29、77頁(yè)))

評(píng)估和處理外部商業(yè)環(huán)境變化對(duì)范圍的影響

· 調(diào)查外部商業(yè)環(huán)境的變化(如法規(guī)、技術(shù)、地緣政治、市場(chǎng)) · 基于外部商業(yè)環(huán)境,評(píng)估對(duì)項(xiàng)目范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)的影響,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序

· 為范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)變化推薦方案(如進(jìn)度、成本變化)

· 持續(xù)審查外部商業(yè)環(huán)境變化對(duì)項(xiàng)目范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)的影響

Evaluate and address external business environment changes for impact on scope

· Survey changes to external business environment (e.g., regulations, technology, geopolitical, market)

· Assess and prioritize impact on project scope/backlog based on changes in external business environment

· Recommend options for scope/backlog changes (e.g., schedule, cost changes)

· Continually review external business environment for impacts on project scope/backlog

4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4

(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第1章 引論 項(xiàng)目驅(qū)動(dòng)變革(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第6頁(yè)))

支持組織變革

· 評(píng)估組織文化

· 評(píng)估組織變革對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響,并確定所需的行動(dòng)

· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目對(duì)組織的影響,并確定所需的行動(dòng)

Support organizational change

· Assess organizational culture

· Evaluate impact of organizational change to project and determine required actions

· Evaluate impact of the project to the organization and determine required actions

幾點(diǎn)建設(shè)性建議

1、無(wú)論是PMP理論學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐體驗(yàn),最好兼顧預(yù)測(cè)型和敏捷型的理論和實(shí)踐。重點(diǎn)掌握敏捷宣言、精益(Lean)思想、Scrum敏捷框架、極限編程(XP)實(shí)踐和看板(Kanban)方法;

2、強(qiáng)化項(xiàng)目與戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的關(guān)系,以及商業(yè)論證和需求分析的方式方法。重點(diǎn)掌握戰(zhàn)略愿景、產(chǎn)品路線(xiàn)圖、發(fā)布迭代計(jì)劃、用戶(hù)畫(huà)像、用戶(hù)故事、測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)(TDD)和定義完成(DOD)等內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性;

3、從考試成本的角度考慮,最穩(wěn)妥的辦法當(dāng)然是趕在考綱變化之前拿下PMP認(rèn)證

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