相信這幾天報(bào)考PMP考試的同學(xué)都有收到一封來(lái)自PMI的郵件,剛看標(biāo)題,有些同學(xué)還以為PMP考試改期了呢,其實(shí)這封郵件是告訴大家,PMP考試大綱即將改變了,變成最新的考試大綱,該大綱適用于中國(guó)區(qū)2020年9月及以后的PMP考試會(huì)應(yīng)用新改版的PMP考試大綱。
那么PMP考試大綱主要在哪些方面發(fā)生了變化呢? 以下是匯總本次改變的要點(diǎn)以及我們針對(duì)此次改變的幾點(diǎn)應(yīng)對(duì)建議:
改變的要點(diǎn)說(shuō)明
1、新版大綱從以前的以5大過(guò)程組(啟動(dòng)(13%)、規(guī)劃(24%)、執(zhí)行(31%)、監(jiān)控(25%)、收尾(7%))來(lái)劃分考試模塊改為分別以人員管理(42%)、過(guò)程管理(50%)和商業(yè)環(huán)境管理(8%)劃分出題模塊。以上百分比為各個(gè)模塊所對(duì)應(yīng)的出題比重;
2、從考預(yù)測(cè)型生命周期項(xiàng)目管理方法論改為預(yù)測(cè)型和敏捷型平分秋色,納入近一半的Agile敏捷實(shí)踐。敏捷宣言、原則和方法論從一個(gè)備考的可選項(xiàng)變成一個(gè)必選項(xiàng);
3、強(qiáng)調(diào)項(xiàng)與其運(yùn)行的商業(yè)環(huán)境的相互影響,故而商業(yè)分析的實(shí)踐能力也會(huì)在未來(lái)的PMP考試中有所側(cè)重。美國(guó)項(xiàng)目管理協(xié)會(huì)所極力推廣的商業(yè)分析師(PBA認(rèn)證)考試的核心或關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容未來(lái)會(huì)成為PMP考生揮之不去的事業(yè)環(huán)境因素。
基于以上的PMP大綱改變的要點(diǎn)說(shuō)明,我們可以直接的感受到未來(lái)的PMP考試涉及的內(nèi)容會(huì)更廣,所涉及的理論體系會(huì)更加符合時(shí)下項(xiàng)目管理實(shí)踐的訴求。
在當(dāng)今復(fù)雜多變的項(xiàng)目管理環(huán)境中,項(xiàng)目管理從業(yè)者在各種各樣的項(xiàng)目環(huán)境中工作,一定會(huì)采用不同的項(xiàng)目方法。PMP認(rèn)證試圖覆蓋業(yè)界所有有效的項(xiàng)目管理方法,PMP考試范圍會(huì)覆蓋預(yù)測(cè)型生命周期(即瀑布式開(kāi)發(fā)模式)為代表的項(xiàng)目管理方法,也會(huì)考察敏捷或混合型項(xiàng)目管理方法。值得注意的是預(yù)測(cè)型、敏捷和混合型方法的考查將貫穿以上表格所列的三大領(lǐng)域中,而不是單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)在某一項(xiàng)領(lǐng)域中。
以下內(nèi)容是針對(duì)具體領(lǐng)域的詳細(xì)說(shuō)明:(劃重點(diǎn),內(nèi)容較多請(qǐng)多點(diǎn)耐心)
領(lǐng)域一、人——42% People—42%
1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.5管理團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:沖突管理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第348-349頁(yè)))
管理沖突
· 說(shuō)明沖突來(lái)源和階段
· 分析沖突發(fā)生的背景
· 評(píng)估/建議/協(xié)調(diào)適當(dāng)?shù)臎_突解決方案
Manage conflict
· Interpret the source and stage of the conflict
· Analyze the context for the conflict
·Evaluate/recommend/reconcile the appropriate conflict resolution solution
2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第341頁(yè)))
領(lǐng)導(dǎo)團(tuán)隊(duì)
· 設(shè)定清晰的愿景和使命
· 支持多元化和包容性(如行為模式、思維過(guò)程)
· 重視仆人式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力(如在團(tuán)隊(duì)中實(shí)行仆人式領(lǐng)導(dǎo)原則)
· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)念I(lǐng)導(dǎo)力風(fēng)格(如命令型、協(xié)作型)
· 激勵(lì)、鼓勵(lì)并影響團(tuán)隊(duì)成員/相關(guān)方(如團(tuán)隊(duì)契約、社會(huì)契約、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度)
· 分析團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方的影響
· 區(qū)分領(lǐng)導(dǎo)各種團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方的不同方法
Lead a team
· Set a clear vision and mission
· Support diversity and inclusion (e.g., behavior types, thought process)
· Value servant leadership (e.g., relate the tenets of servant leadership to the team)
· Determine an appropriate leadership style (e.g. directive, collaborative)
· Inspire, motivate, and influence team members/stakeholders (e.g., team contract, social contract, reward system)
· Analyze team members and stakeholders’ influence
· Distinguish various options to lead various team members and stakeholders
3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的輸出:團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效評(píng)價(jià)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第343頁(yè)))
支持團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效
· 根據(jù)關(guān)鍵績(jī)效指標(biāo)評(píng)估團(tuán)隊(duì)成員績(jī)效
· 支持和認(rèn)可團(tuán)隊(duì)成員發(fā)展和成長(zhǎng)
· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)姆答佂緩?/p>
· 驗(yàn)證績(jī)效的提高
Support team performance
· Appraise team member performance against key performance indicators
· Support and recognize team member growth and development
· Determine appropriate feedback approach
· Verify performance improvements
4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 項(xiàng)目資源管理的趨勢(shì)和新興實(shí)踐(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍 P310頁(yè)))
授權(quán)團(tuán)隊(duì)成員和相關(guān)方
· 圍繞團(tuán)隊(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行組織
· 支持團(tuán)隊(duì)的任務(wù)職責(zé)
· 評(píng)估任務(wù)職責(zé)的說(shuō)明
· 決定并授予不同級(jí)別的決策權(quán)
Empower team members and stakeholders
· Organize around team strengths
· Support team task accountability
· Evaluate demonstration of task accountability
· Determine and bestow level(s) of decision-making authority
5、任務(wù) 5 Task 5
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:培訓(xùn)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第342頁(yè)))
確保團(tuán)隊(duì)成員/相關(guān)方得到充分培訓(xùn)
· 確定培訓(xùn)所需的能力和要素
· 根據(jù)培訓(xùn)需求確定培訓(xùn)方案
· 為培訓(xùn)分配資源
· 衡量培訓(xùn)效果
Ensure team members/stakeholders are adequately trained
· Determine required competencies and elements of training
· Determine training options based on training needs
· Allocate resources for training
· Measure training outcomes
6、任務(wù) 6 Task 6
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.3獲取資源過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第328-335頁(yè)))
建立團(tuán)隊(duì)
· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的技能
· 推斷項(xiàng)目資源需求
· 持續(xù)評(píng)估和更新團(tuán)隊(duì)技能以滿(mǎn)足項(xiàng)目需求
· 維護(hù)團(tuán)隊(duì)和知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移
Build a team
· Appraise stakeholder skills
· Deduce project resource requirements
· Continuously assess and refresh team skills to meet project needs
· Maintain team and knowledge transfer
7、任務(wù) 7 Task 7
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 項(xiàng)目資源管理的趨勢(shì)和新興實(shí)踐(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍 P310頁(yè)))
處理并移除團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨的困難、障礙和阻礙
· 確定團(tuán)隊(duì)的重要妨礙、障礙和阻礙
· 為團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙排定優(yōu)先級(jí)
· 使用人際往來(lái)實(shí)施解決方案,以移除團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙
· 持續(xù)評(píng)估,以確保團(tuán)隊(duì)的妨礙、障礙和阻礙得到處理
Address and remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team
· Determine critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team
· Prioritize critical impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team
· Use network to implement solutions to remove impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team
· Re-assess continually to ensure impediments, obstacles, and blockers for the team are being addressed
8、任務(wù) 8 Task 8
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)文件(商業(yè)論證和效益管理計(jì)劃)和協(xié)議(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第33、77-78頁(yè)))
協(xié)商項(xiàng)目協(xié)議
· 分析協(xié)議的協(xié)商邊界
· 評(píng)估優(yōu)先級(jí)并確定最終目標(biāo)
· 驗(yàn)證項(xiàng)目協(xié)議的目標(biāo)是否達(dá)成
· 參與協(xié)議協(xié)商
· 確定協(xié)商策略
Negotiate project agreements
· Analyze the bounds of the negotiations for agreement
· Assess priorities and determine ultimate objective(s) · Verify objective(s) of the project agreement is met
· Participate in agreement negotiations
· Determine a negotiation strategy
9、任務(wù) 9 Task 9
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.2規(guī)劃相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第516-522頁(yè)))和管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第523-529頁(yè)))
與相關(guān)方合作
· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的參與需求
· 優(yōu)化相關(guān)方需求、期望和項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)的一致性
· 建立信任并影響相關(guān)方以達(dá)成項(xiàng)目目標(biāo)
Collaborate with stakeholders
· Evaluate engagement needs for stakeholders
· Optimize alignment between stakeholder needs, expectations, and project objectives
· Build trust and influence stakeholders to accomplish project objectives
10、任務(wù) 10 Task 10
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.3管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程的工具:人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第527頁(yè)))
建立共識(shí)
· 分析形勢(shì)并找出誤解的根本原因
· 調(diào)查所有必要的各方,以達(dá)成共識(shí)
· 支持各方同意的成果
· 調(diào)查潛在的誤解
Build shared understanding
· Break down situation to identify the root cause of a misunderstanding
· Survey all necessary parties to reach consensus
· Support outcome of parties' agreement
· Investigate potential misunderstandings
11、任務(wù) 11 Task 11
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.4建設(shè)團(tuán)隊(duì)過(guò)程的工具:虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第340頁(yè)))
參與并支持虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)
· 檢查虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員的需求(如環(huán)境、地理、文化、全球性等) · 研究虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的備選方案(如溝通工具和集中辦公)
· 實(shí)施虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的方法
· 持續(xù)評(píng)估虛擬團(tuán)隊(duì)成員參與的有效性
Engage and support virtual teams
· Examine virtual team member needs (e.g., environment, geography, culture, global, etc.)
· Investigate alternatives (e.g., communication tools, colocation) for virtual team member engagement
· Implement options for virtual team member engagement · Continually evaluate effectiveness of virtual team member engagement
12、任務(wù) 12 Task 12
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第9章 9.1規(guī)劃資源管理過(guò)程的輸出:團(tuán)隊(duì)章程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第319頁(yè))和第13章 13.3管理相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程的工具:基本規(guī)則(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第528頁(yè)))
定義團(tuán)隊(duì)基本規(guī)則
· 與團(tuán)隊(duì)和外部相關(guān)方交流組織的原則
· 建立促使遵守基本規(guī)則的環(huán)境
· 管理和糾正違反基本規(guī)則的行為
Define team ground rules
· Communicate organizational principles with team and external stakeholders
· Establish an environment that fosters adherence to the ground rules
· Manage and rectify ground rule violations
13、任務(wù) 13 Task 13
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指導(dǎo)與管理項(xiàng)目工作過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第90-97頁(yè)))
指導(dǎo)有關(guān)相關(guān)方
· 分配指導(dǎo)的時(shí)間
· 識(shí)別并使用可指導(dǎo)的機(jī)會(huì)
Mentor relevant stakeholders
· Allocate the time to mentoring
· Recognize and act on mentoring opportunities
14、任務(wù) 14 Task 14
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1規(guī)劃溝通管理過(guò)程的工具人際關(guān)系與團(tuán)隊(duì)技能(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第375-376頁(yè)))
運(yùn)用情商提高團(tuán)隊(duì)績(jī)效
· 通過(guò)使用個(gè)性指數(shù)來(lái)評(píng)估行為
· 分析個(gè)性指數(shù),適應(yīng)關(guān)鍵項(xiàng)目相關(guān)方的情感需要
Promote team performance through the application of emotional intelligence
· Assess behavior through the use of personality indicators
· Analyze personality indicators and adjust to the emotional needs of key project stakeholders
領(lǐng)域二、過(guò)程——50% Process—50%
1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)文件(商業(yè)論證和效益管理計(jì)劃)和階段關(guān)口的概念(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第21頁(yè)))
以交付商業(yè)價(jià)值所需的緊迫性執(zhí)行項(xiàng)目
· 評(píng)估增量交付價(jià)值的機(jī)會(huì)
· 自始至終檢查項(xiàng)目的商業(yè)價(jià)值
· 支持團(tuán)隊(duì)根據(jù)需要細(xì)分項(xiàng)目任務(wù),以找到最小可用產(chǎn)品
Execute project with the urgency required to deliver business value
· Assess opportunities to deliver value incrementally
· Examine the business value throughout the project
· Support the team to subdivide project tasks as necessary to find the minimum viable product
2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第10章 10.1規(guī)劃溝通管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第366-378頁(yè))和10.2管理溝通過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第379-388頁(yè)))
管理溝通
· 分析所有相關(guān)方的溝通需求
· 確定所有相關(guān)方的溝通方法、渠道、頻率和詳細(xì)程度
· 對(duì)項(xiàng)目信息和更新進(jìn)行有效溝通
· 確認(rèn)溝通被理解并收到反饋
Manage communications
· Analyze communication needs of all stakeholders
· Determine communication methods, channels, frequency, and level of detail for all stakeholders
· Communicate project information and updates effectively
· Confirm communication is understood and feedback is received
3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第11章 11.1規(guī)劃風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第401-408頁(yè))和11.3實(shí)施定性風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第419-427頁(yè)))
評(píng)估和管理風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
· 確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理方法
· 迭代評(píng)估風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和確定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)優(yōu)先級(jí)
Assess and manage risks
· Determine risk management options
· Iteratively assess and prioritize risks
4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第13章 13.1識(shí)別相關(guān)方過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第507-515頁(yè))和13.2規(guī)劃相關(guān)方參與過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第516-522頁(yè)))
調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)方參與
· 分析相關(guān)方(如權(quán)力利益方格、支配權(quán)、影響力)
· 相關(guān)方分類(lèi)
· 根據(jù)相關(guān)方分類(lèi)調(diào)動(dòng)相關(guān)方參與
· 制定、實(shí)施并驗(yàn)證相關(guān)方參與的策略
Engage stakeholders
· Analyze stakeholders (e.g.power interest grid, influence, impact)
· Categorize stakeholders
· Engage stakeholders by category
· Develop, execute, and validate a strategy for stakeholder engagement
5、任務(wù) 5 Task 5
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第7章 7.3制定預(yù)算過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第250-256頁(yè))和9.1規(guī)劃資源管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第312-320頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理預(yù)算與資源
· 根據(jù)項(xiàng)目范圍和以往項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)來(lái)估計(jì)所需預(yù)算
· 預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)的預(yù)算挑戰(zhàn)
· 監(jiān)控預(yù)算偏差,并根據(jù)需要配合治理過(guò)程做出調(diào)整
· 規(guī)劃和管理資源
Plan and manage budget and resources
· Estimate budgetary needs based on the scope of the project and lessons learned from past projects
· Anticipate future budget challenges
· Monitor budget variations and work with governance process to adjust as necessary
· Plan and manage resources
6、任務(wù) 6 Task 6
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第6章 6.5制定進(jìn)度計(jì)劃的工具敏捷發(fā)布規(guī)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第216頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理進(jìn)度
· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目任務(wù)(里程碑、依賴(lài)關(guān)系、故事點(diǎn))
· 利用標(biāo)桿對(duì)照和歷史數(shù)據(jù)
· 基于方法論準(zhǔn)備制定進(jìn)度
· 基于方法論衡量持續(xù)進(jìn)展
· 基于方法論,按需要修改進(jìn)度
· 協(xié)調(diào)其他項(xiàng)目和運(yùn)營(yíng)
Plan and manage schedule
· Estimate project tasks (milestones, dependencies, story points)
· Utilize benchmarks and historical data
· Prepare schedule based on methodology
· Measure ongoing progress based on methodology
· Modify schedule, as needed, based on methodology
· Coordinate with other projects and other operations
7、任務(wù) 7 Task 7
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第8章 8.1規(guī)劃質(zhì)量管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第277-287頁(yè))和8.2管理質(zhì)量過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第288-297頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理產(chǎn)品/可交付成果的質(zhì)量
· 確定項(xiàng)目可交付成果的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
· 根據(jù)質(zhì)量差距推薦改進(jìn)方案
· 持續(xù)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目可交付成果的質(zhì)量
Plan and manage quality of products/deliverables
· Determine quality standard required for project deliverables
· Recommend options for improvement based on quality gaps · Continually survey project deliverable quality
8、任務(wù) 8 Task 8
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第5章 項(xiàng)目范圍管理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第129-171頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理范圍
· 確定需求及其優(yōu)先級(jí)
· 范圍分解(如WBS,待辦事項(xiàng)列表)
· 監(jiān)控和確認(rèn)范圍
Plan and manage scope
· Determine and prioritize requirements
· Break down scope (e.g., WBS, backlog)
· Monitor and validate scope
9、任務(wù) 9 Task 9
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第82-89頁(yè)))
整合項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃活動(dòng)
· 合并項(xiàng)目/階段計(jì)劃
· 評(píng)估合并的項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃之間的依賴(lài)關(guān)系、差距和持續(xù)商業(yè)價(jià)值 · 分析收集的數(shù)據(jù)
· 收集并分析數(shù)據(jù)以做出明智的項(xiàng)目決策
· 確定關(guān)鍵信息需求
Integrate project planning activities
· Consolidate the project/phase plans
· Assess consolidated project plans for dependencies, gaps, and continued business value
· Analyze the data collected
· Collect and analyze data to make informed project decisions
· Determine critical information requirements
10、任務(wù) 10 Task 10
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.6實(shí)施整體變更控制過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第113-120頁(yè)))
管理項(xiàng)目變更
· 預(yù)測(cè)并接受變更需要(如遵循變更管理實(shí)踐)
· 確定應(yīng)對(duì)變更的策略
· 根據(jù)方法論執(zhí)行變更管理策略
· 確定變更響應(yīng)措施以推動(dòng)項(xiàng)目前進(jìn)
Manage project changes
· Anticipate and embrace the need for change (e.g., follow change management practices)
· Determine strategy to handle change
· Execute change management strategy according to the methodology
· Determine a change response to move the project forward
11、任務(wù) 11 Task 11
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第12章 12.1規(guī)劃采購(gòu)管理過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第466-481頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理采購(gòu)
· 定義資源要求和需求
· 溝通資源需求
· 管理供應(yīng)商/合同
· 規(guī)劃和管理采購(gòu)策略
· 制定交付方案
Plan and manage procurement
· Define resource requirements and needs
· Communicate resource requirements
· Manage suppliers/contracts
· Plan and manage procurement strategy
· Develop a delivery solution
12、任務(wù) 12 Task 12
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.2制定項(xiàng)目管理計(jì)劃過(guò)程的輸出配置管理計(jì)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第88頁(yè)和第118頁(yè)))
管理項(xiàng)目工件
· 確定管理項(xiàng)目工件的需求(內(nèi)容、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人員等)
· 確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目信息是最新的(即版本控制),且所有相關(guān)方均可訪(fǎng)問(wèn)
· 持續(xù)評(píng)估項(xiàng)目工件管理的有效性
Manage project artifacts
· Determine the requirements (what, when, where, who, etc.) for managing the project artifacts
· Validate that the project information is kept up to date (i.e., version control) and accessible to all stakeholders
· Continually assess the effectiveness of the management of the project artifacts
13、任務(wù) 13 Task 13
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 項(xiàng)目整合管理 裁剪時(shí)需要考慮的因素(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第74頁(yè)))
確定適當(dāng)?shù)捻?xiàng)目方法論/方法和實(shí)踐
· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目需求、復(fù)雜性和數(shù)量級(jí)
· 推薦項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行策略(如訂立合同、財(cái)務(wù))
· 推薦一種項(xiàng)目方法論/方法(即預(yù)測(cè)、敏捷、混合)
· 在整個(gè)項(xiàng)目生命周期中使用迭代、增量的實(shí)踐(如經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)、相關(guān)方參與、風(fēng)險(xiǎn))
Determine appropriate project methodology/methods and practices
· Assess project needs, complexity, and magnitude
· Recommend project execution strategy (e.g., contracting, finance)
· Recommend a project methodology/approach (i.e., predictive, agile, hybrid)
· Use iterative, incremental practices throughout the project life cycle (e.g., lessons learned, stakeholder engagement, risk)
14、任務(wù) 14 Task 14
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第2章 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行環(huán)境 項(xiàng)目治理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第44頁(yè)))
制定項(xiàng)目治理結(jié)構(gòu)
· 確定適當(dāng)?shù)捻?xiàng)目治理(如復(fù)制組織的治理)
· 定義上報(bào)路徑和臨界值
Establish project governance structure
· Determine appropriate governance for a project (e.g., replicate organizational governance)
· Define escalation paths and thresholds
15、任務(wù) 15 Task 15
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.3指導(dǎo)與管理項(xiàng)目工作過(guò)程的輸出問(wèn)題日志(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第96頁(yè)))
管理項(xiàng)目問(wèn)題
· 識(shí)別風(fēng)險(xiǎn)何時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閱?wèn)題
· 用最優(yōu)的行動(dòng)解決問(wèn)題,以取得項(xiàng)目成功
· 與相關(guān)方合作找出解決問(wèn)題的方法
Manage project issues
· Recognize when a risk becomes an issue
· Attack the issue with the optimal action to achieve project success
· Collaborate with relevant stakeholders on the approach to resolve the issues
16、任務(wù) 16 Task 16
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.4管理項(xiàng)目知識(shí)過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第98-105頁(yè)))
確保知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移,保持項(xiàng)目的連續(xù)性
· 與團(tuán)隊(duì)討論項(xiàng)目職責(zé)
· 概述對(duì)工作環(huán)境的期望
· 確定知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移的方法
Ensure knowledge transfer for project continuity
· Discuss project responsibilities within team
· Outline expectations for working environment
· Confirm approach for knowledge transfers
17、任務(wù) 17 Task 17
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第75-81頁(yè))和4.7結(jié)束項(xiàng)目或階段過(guò)程(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第121-128頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理項(xiàng)目/階段的收尾或移交
· 確定成功關(guān)閉項(xiàng)目或階段的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
· 確認(rèn)移交準(zhǔn)備情況(如運(yùn)營(yíng)團(tuán)隊(duì)或下一階段)
· 結(jié)束項(xiàng)目或階段的收尾活動(dòng)(如最終教訓(xùn)總結(jié)、回顧、采購(gòu)、財(cái)務(wù)、資源)
Plan and manage project/phase closure or transitions
· Determine criteria to successfully close the project or phase
· Validate readiness for transition (e.g., to operations team or next phase)
· Conclude activities to close out project or phase (e.g., final lessons learned, retrospective, procurement, financials, resources)
領(lǐng)域三、商業(yè)環(huán)境——8% Business Environment—8%
1、任務(wù) 1 Task 1
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第2章 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行環(huán)境 項(xiàng)目治理(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第44頁(yè)))
規(guī)劃和管理項(xiàng)目的合規(guī)性
· 確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目合規(guī)性要求(如保護(hù)措施、健康與安全、監(jiān)管合規(guī)性)
· 對(duì)合規(guī)類(lèi)別進(jìn)行分類(lèi)
· 確定在合規(guī)性方面的潛在威脅
· 使用方法來(lái)支持合規(guī)性
· 分析不合規(guī)的后果
· 確定必要的方法和行動(dòng)來(lái)滿(mǎn)足合規(guī)性(如風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、法律)
· 衡量項(xiàng)目合規(guī)性的程度
Plan and manage project compliance
· Confirm project compliance requirements (e.g., security, health and safety, regulatory compliance)
· Classify compliance categories
· Determine potential threats to compliance
· Use methods to support compliance
· Analyze the consequences of noncompliance
· Determine necessary approach and action to address compliance needs (e.g., risk, legal)
· Measure the extent to which the project is in complianc
2、任務(wù) 2 Task 2
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第1章 引論 項(xiàng)目效益管理計(jì)劃(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第33頁(yè)))
評(píng)估并交付項(xiàng)目收益和價(jià)值
· 調(diào)查已確定的收益
· 記錄所有權(quán)協(xié)議,以持續(xù)實(shí)現(xiàn)收益
· 驗(yàn)證測(cè)量系統(tǒng)是否到位,以跟蹤收益
· 評(píng)估交付方案以展示價(jià)值
· 評(píng)估相關(guān)方的價(jià)值獲取過(guò)程
Evaluate and deliver project benefits and value
· Investigate that benefits are identified
· Document agreement on ownership for ongoing benefit realization
· Verify measurement system is in place to track benefits · Evaluate delivery options to demonstrate value
· Appraise stakeholders of value gain progress
3、任務(wù) 3 Task 3
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第4章 4.1制定項(xiàng)目章程的輸入:商業(yè)論證(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第29、77頁(yè)))
評(píng)估和處理外部商業(yè)環(huán)境變化對(duì)范圍的影響
· 調(diào)查外部商業(yè)環(huán)境的變化(如法規(guī)、技術(shù)、地緣政治、市場(chǎng)) · 基于外部商業(yè)環(huán)境,評(píng)估對(duì)項(xiàng)目范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)的影響,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序
· 為范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)變化推薦方案(如進(jìn)度、成本變化)
· 持續(xù)審查外部商業(yè)環(huán)境變化對(duì)項(xiàng)目范圍/待辦事項(xiàng)的影響
Evaluate and address external business environment changes for impact on scope
· Survey changes to external business environment (e.g., regulations, technology, geopolitical, market)
· Assess and prioritize impact on project scope/backlog based on changes in external business environment
· Recommend options for scope/backlog changes (e.g., schedule, cost changes)
· Continually review external business environment for impacts on project scope/backlog
4、任務(wù) 4 Task 4
(關(guān)聯(lián)PMBOK第六版 第1章 引論 項(xiàng)目驅(qū)動(dòng)變革(PMBOK第六版書(shū)籍第6頁(yè)))
支持組織變革
· 評(píng)估組織文化
· 評(píng)估組織變革對(duì)項(xiàng)目的影響,并確定所需的行動(dòng)
· 評(píng)估項(xiàng)目對(duì)組織的影響,并確定所需的行動(dòng)
Support organizational change
· Assess organizational culture
· Evaluate impact of organizational change to project and determine required actions
· Evaluate impact of the project to the organization and determine required actions
幾點(diǎn)建設(shè)性建議
1、無(wú)論是PMP理論學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐體驗(yàn),最好兼顧預(yù)測(cè)型和敏捷型的理論和實(shí)踐。重點(diǎn)掌握敏捷宣言、精益(Lean)思想、Scrum敏捷框架、極限編程(XP)實(shí)踐和看板(Kanban)方法;
2、強(qiáng)化項(xiàng)目與戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃的關(guān)系,以及商業(yè)論證和需求分析的方式方法。重點(diǎn)掌握戰(zhàn)略愿景、產(chǎn)品路線(xiàn)圖、發(fā)布迭代計(jì)劃、用戶(hù)畫(huà)像、用戶(hù)故事、測(cè)試驅(qū)動(dòng)開(kāi)發(fā)(TDD)和定義完成(DOD)等內(nèi)容的相關(guān)性;
3、從考試成本的角度考慮,最穩(wěn)妥的辦法當(dāng)然是趕在考綱變化之前拿下PMP認(rèn)證。
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