A
able adj. 有能力的
句型:be able to do(可以變換時態(tài),不能跟can共用)
變形:unable adj. 沒有能力的 disabled adj. 殘疾的
ability n. 能力 disability n. 殘疾,缺陷
above prep. 在……的上面,表示樓層上方
I live above you. 我住在你家樓上。
也可以表示溫度上的超過 above zero
反義詞:below
辨析:over 正上方 on 在上面(接觸)
abroad adv. 國外 go abroad 去國外 be abroad 在國外
absent adj. 缺席的
短語:be absent from 缺席……
變形:absence n. 缺席
accept vt. 接受
辨析:receive vt. 收到
accident n. 事故
短語:car accidents 交通事故 do sth. by accident 碰巧做某事
according to 根據(jù)(to是介詞)
according to sth./doing sth.
achieve vt. 獲得
短語:achieve a balance between A and B 在A和B之間獲得一個平衡
變形:achievement n. 成就(可數(shù))
act vi. 行動
變形:action n. 行動 active adj. 活躍的 inactive adj. 不活躍的
actively adv. 活躍地 inactively adv. 不活躍地
vt. 表演
變形:actor n. 男演員 actress n. 女演員
action n. 行動
短語:take action to do 采取行動做某事
變形:act v. 行動 act to do
active adj. 活躍的,積極的
變形:actively inactive inactively activity
admire vt. 敬佩,仰慕
admire sb. for sth. 因……敬佩某人
advantage n. 優(yōu)勢(可數(shù))
變形:disadvantage n. 劣勢
advise vt. 建議 advise sb. to do sth.
變形:advice n. 建議(不可數(shù)) some advice on sth.
辨析:suggest vt. 建議 suggest doing
suggestion n. 建議(可數(shù))
afford vt. 承擔得起,買得起
短語:afford sth. 買得起某物 afford to do sth. 做得起某事
一般與can’t或couldn’t連用
against prep. 反對,靠著
短語:do sth. against the law 做違反法律的事情 stand against the wall 靠墻站著
be against doing sth. 反對做某事
age n. 年齡
at the age of 12 在12歲(注意12后面就不能再加years old)
表達年齡的方式:in one’s twenties/thirties....
at the age of 數(shù)字
when sb. be XX years old
agree vi. 同意
短語:agree to do 同意做某事 agree with sb. 贊同某人
agree on sth. 在……達成一致
變形:agreement n. 一致 agree= be in agreement
alive adj. 活著的(表語形容詞,只能放系動詞后)
辨析:lively adj. 活潑的,生動的 變形:livelier liveliest
live adj. & adv. 現(xiàn)場的 live show be covered live
living n. 生存,生活 make a living
all的短語總結(jié):
all over 遍及 all day long 一整天 all year round 一整年
all the time 一直 at all times 總是 all right 好吧
above all 首要的是 first of all 首先 after all 畢竟
allow vt. 允許
短語:allow sb. to do sth. (注意被動:sb. be allowed to do 被允許做某事)
already adv. 已經(jīng) (現(xiàn)在完成時)
辨析:yet already用于肯定句,置于have和done中間或者句末
yet用于否定句或者疑問句,置于句末
amazing adj. 令人吃驚的
變形:amazed adj. 感到吃驚的 amazement n. 吃驚
ancient adj. 古代的
another pron. 另一個,表泛指 another 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
考點:another 數(shù)字=數(shù)字 more 表示再來XX個
辨析:other 泛指,其他的,加名詞復數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞
others 泛指,指其他的東西或者別人,本身表示復數(shù),后面不能加任何詞
the other 特指兩個中的另一個,或后面加名詞復數(shù)表示一個范圍內(nèi)剩下的所有。
the others 特指一個范圍內(nèi)剩下的所有,后面不能再加名詞,本身表復數(shù)。
如:I don’t like this pair of shoes, can you show me another pair?
Some people like playing basketball, while other people like playing football.
Some people like playing basketball, while others like playing football.
Where are the other students? (注意有了one’s就不能加the,如:It’s in my other hand.)
There are 20 teachers in our grade. 8 of them are men teachers, while the others are women teachers.
anything 任何事 anyone 任何人 anybody 任何人 anywhere 任何地方
復合不定代詞:1) 看做三單 2) 形容詞放在后面
3) 可以把else放在后面表示其他……
用于肯定句表示任何:Anyone can borrow books from here. 任何人都可以從這兒借書。
I can go anywhere. 我可以去任何地方。
用于否定句和疑問句代詞some: Is there anything wrong with your computer?
There isn’t anything wrong with your computer.
= There is nothing wrong with your computer.
appear vi. 出現(xiàn)(沒有被動語態(tài))
變形:disappear vi. 消失 appearance n. 出現(xiàn),露面,外貌
arrive vi. 到達 arrive in 大地點 arrive at 小地點
arrive here/there/home
同義短語:reach 地點 get to 地點 (get here/there/home)
區(qū)別:沒有地點,只能用arrive I have arrived.
artist n. 藝術(shù)家
變形:art n. 藝術(shù)
-ist后綴:tourist 旅行家 pianist 鋼琴家 dentist 牙醫(yī)
as prep. 作為
短語:be famous as 作為……著名 Lu Xun is famous as a writer.
辨析:be famous for 因為……出名 Lu Xun is famous for his books.
conj. 隨著……(引導時間狀語從句)
As time goes by, he realizes his growth.
既然,由于(引導原因狀語從句)
Come and play, as you are here.
短語和句型:
as a result 結(jié)果是 as....as.....和……一樣……
not as ....as.... 不如……怎樣 as...as possible 盡可能……
as good as 簡直,和……一樣 as well as 并且,和
as soon as 一……就……(時態(tài)規(guī)則主將從現(xiàn),或者主過從過)
asleep adj. 睡著的
短語:fall asleep (對應延續(xù)性動詞be asleep)
辨析:sleepy adj. 困倦的 feel sleepy
attend vt. 參加,出席
attend meetings attend school attend the lesson
辨析:join 組織/人 加入 take part in 活動/比賽 參加
attention n. 注意力
短語:pay attention to (to是介詞,后加sth.或者doing sth.)
catch/attract one’s attention 引起某人的注意
bring sb. to the attention of 使……引起了……的注意
attract vt. 吸引
變形:attractive adj. 有吸引力的 attraction n. 吸引力,景點
辨析:attack vt. 攻擊
Australia n. 澳大利亞
變形:Australian adj. 澳大利亞的 n. 澳大利亞人
avoid vt. 避免 avoid doing
awake adj. 醒著的
變形:wake vt. 叫醒 wake-woke-woken
B
base vt. 以……為基礎
短語:be based on 以……為基礎
變形:basic adj. 基礎的
be短語總結(jié):
about: be crazy about be worried about be excited about be curious about
of: be tired of be proud of be tired of be afraid of be full of
be guilty of be aware of
with: be satisfied with be bored with be pleased with be happy with
be filled with
at: be surprised at be amazed at be good at
for: be late for
in: be interested in
be used to doing 習慣于做某事 be of one’s age 與……同齡的
because of 由于
辨析:because because of 名詞短語 because 從句
beat vi. 跳動 beat-beat-beaten
vt. 打敗 beat sb.
辨析:win win 比賽 贏得比賽 beat 人 打敗人
before adv. 以前,過去(放在句末,現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞)
如:He has never been there before.
conj. 在……之前(引導時間狀語從句:主將從現(xiàn)或主過從過)
如:I will finish homework before I watch TV.
I finished homework before I watched TV.
句型:It will be XX years before 從句 表達某件事情要達成還需要多長時間
如:It will be 5 years before the subway is in use in Changzhou.
prep. 在……之前 before doing
如:You must finish homework before watching TV.
beginning n. 開始,起初
in the beginning=at first 一開始 at the beginning of 在……的開始
below prep. 在……的下面,表示樓層下方
I live above you. 我住在你家樓下。
也可以表示溫度上的低于 blow zero
反義詞:above
辨析:under 正下方
best adj. 最好的 the best place/time to do
adv. 最 like....best 最喜歡
be best known 最為人所知……
all the best
beyond prep. 超出……范圍
短語:beyond my control beyond my ability beyond the visiting hour
go far beyond 遠遠超過
辨析:over表示數(shù)量,年齡上的超過 above是溫度上的超過
bleed vi. 流血 bleed-bled-bled
短語:bleed to death 流血致死
變形:blood n. 血液(不可數(shù)名詞)
bored adj. 感到無聊的 be bored with 對……厭煩了
變形:boring adj. 乏味的,令人無聊的 bore vt. 使……無聊
born adj. 天生的
短語:a born artist
be born 出生 (一般用過去時)
borrow vt. 借來 borrow sth. from sb.
辨析:lend vt. 借給 lend sth. to sb.= lend sb. Sth.
both conj.&pron. 兩個(都)
短語和句型:both 復數(shù):There are many trees on both sides of the road.
both of: Both of the twins like flying kites.
both A and B: Both Tom and Jerry like flying kites.
辨析:all 三者及以上都 neither 兩者都不 either 兩者中任取一個
none 三者及以上都不
break vt. 打破
短語:break into 闖入(有被動) break down 壞了,拋錨(沒有被動)
break out 爆發(fā)(沒有被動)
變形:broken adj. 壞了的
breath n. 呼吸
短語:out of breath 上氣不接下氣 take a deep breath
變形:breathe vi. 呼吸 breathe heavily
British adj. 英國的 n. 英國人
變形:Britain n. 英國
but prep. 除了
句型:have no choice but to do 別無選擇只能做……
not....but.... 不是……而是 He is not a teacher but a doctor.
注意:but/except/as well as/together with/with放在主語后,謂語動詞要用就遠原則
如:Nobody but the twins is going to Nanjing tomorrow.
by prep. 用(強調(diào)方式,后只能加名詞單數(shù)) by car by e-mail
prep. 在……旁邊 by the river
prep. 被,由 be made by an article by Lu Xun 魯迅寫的文章
prep. 到……為止 by 將來時間點 (一般將來時)
By 過去時間點 (過去完成時)
adv. 經(jīng)過 pass by 經(jīng)過
短語:by the way 順便問一下 by oneself 獨自 by accident 碰巧
C
call vt. 稱呼 call sb. sth.
What do you call him? (疑問詞不能用how) a boy called Tom 一個叫Tom的男孩
vt. 打電話 call sb. back 給某人回電話
n. 電話 give you a call 給你打一個電話
calm adj. 平靜的 keep calm
n. 平靜
v. 平靜 calm down 平靜下來
變形:calmly adv. 平靜地
cancel vt. 取消,終止(注意過去式和分詞要雙寫l ed)
capital n. 首都
the capital of ...
care vi. 關心,關注 care about 關心,在意 care for 照顧
n. 關心 take care of 照顧
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:careful adj. 小心的,認真的 carefully adv. 認真地,仔細地
careless adj. 粗心的 carelessly adv. 粗心地 carelessness n. 粗心
carry短語:
carry on 繼續(xù)開展,繼續(xù)下去 carry out 開展,執(zhí)行
cause n. 原因
短語:the cause of=the reason for ……的原因/起因
vt. 引起,導致=lead to
centre n. 中央 in the centre of
變形:central adj. 中央的
certain adj. 確定的
句型:It is certain that....
變形:certainly uncertain uncertainly
challenge n. 挑戰(zhàn)(可數(shù))
變形:challenging adj. 有挑戰(zhàn)性的
change vt. 改變
句型:change a lot 改變很多:Changzhou has changed a lot over the years.
n. 改變(可數(shù)) changes in numbers 數(shù)量上的變化
n. 零錢(不可數(shù)) Here’s your change.
cheer vi. 歡呼
短語:cheer for 為……加油 cheer up 使……振奮
變形:cheerful adj. 興高采烈的
choose vt. 選擇 choose to do 選擇做某事
choose sb. as 選擇某人擔當……
變形:choose-chose-chosen
名詞 choice 選擇(可數(shù)) have no choice but to do別無選擇只能做某事
close vt. 關閉 變形:closed adj. 關著的
adj. 近的,親密的 be close to take a close look at
變形:close adv. 近的(形象的) sit close to
closely adv. 密切地,親密地(抽象的) work closely
collect vt. 收集,搜集
變形:collection n. 收集物
come on 得了吧,快點,加油(表鼓勵,催促等語氣)
come其他短語總結(jié):come up with 想出,提起 come down 崩塌
come out 出版
變形:coming adj. 即將到來的
comfortable adj. 舒服的
變形:uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 comfortably adv. 舒服地
common adj. 普通的,平常的
辨析:normal adj. 正常的
compare vt. 比較
短語:compare A to B 把A比作B compare A with B 把A與B做比較
句型:Compared with A, B ..... 與A相比,B……
complain vi. 抱怨
短語:complain about sth. to sb. 向某人抱怨某事
變形:complaint n. 抱怨,投訴 complaint letter 投訴信
complete vt. 完成 complete doing
adj. 完全的,徹底的
變形:incomplete 不完全的 completely adv. 完全地,徹底地
communicate vt. 交流,交際 communicate with sb. 與某人交流
變形:communication n. 交流,交際
community n. 社區(qū),小區(qū)
competition n. 競賽,比賽,競爭
confident adj. 有信心的
變形:confidence n. 信心
connect vt. 連接
短語:connect sth. to/with sth. 把……連接到……/把……與……連接起來
動詞填空注意謂語非謂語,主動與被動:
The computer is connected to the Internet. (謂語被動)
The railway connects Shanghai to Nanjing. (謂語主動)
The railway connecting Shanghai to Nanjing has been in use. (非謂語主動)
The computer connected to the Internet is Jim’s. (非謂語被動)
consider vt. 考慮
短語:consider sb. as .... 認為某人是(注意被動 sb. be considered as ....)
consider doing sth. 考慮做某事
continue vt. 繼續(xù)
continue to do 繼續(xù)做另一件事 continue doing 繼續(xù)做剛中斷的事情
control n. 控制
短語:out of control 失控 beyond my control 超出我的控制
vt. 控制 (注意過去式,過去分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞要雙寫尾字母)
conversation n. 談話
correct adj. 正確的
變形:correctly incorrect incorrectly
cost vt. 花費
辨析:take 句型:sth./Doing sth. take sb. some time. It take sb. some time to do sth.
(主語必須是事情或者物,只能花時間)
spend 句型 sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth.
sb. spend some time/money on sth.
(主語必須是人,既能花錢又能花時間)
cost 句型:sth./Doing sth. take sb. some money. It cost sb. some money to do sth.
(主語必須是事情或者物,只能花錢)
pay 句型:sb. pay some money for sth.
(主語必須是人,只能花錢)
n. 費用,成本 the cost of ……的費用
could 情態(tài)動詞
表示能力,是can的過去時:I could swim at the age of 12.
表示請求,是委婉語氣,不是過去時:Could you tell me 賓語從句(從句時態(tài)不降級)
表猜測,可能性?。篒t could be Mr. Green.
couple n. 幾個,一對,夫妻
短語:a couple of 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)
注意:couple做主語表示一對夫妻,謂語動詞不用三單。
如:The couple are doing housework now.
courage n. 勇氣(不可數(shù)名詞)
變形:encourage vt. 鼓勵 encourage sb. to do sth.
cover n. 封面,蓋子
vt. 覆蓋 cover .... with be covered in/with
vt. 報道 cover...live 現(xiàn)場直播 be covered live
vt. 包含,涉及
create vt. 創(chuàng)造
變形:creative adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的 creation n. 創(chuàng)造物
cross vt. 穿過,從表面橫穿過
cross=go across
變形:crossing n. 十字路口
crowded adj. 擁擠的 more and more crowded
變形:crowd vi. 擁擠 n. 人群 the crowd
cut vt. 剪下,切下 cut-cut-cut
短語:cut down 砍樹 cut out 剪下 cut into 切成…… cut in 打斷,插嘴
cut...short 縮短
D
daily adj. 日常的 daily life 日常生活
同類單詞:weekly yearly monthly
danger n. 危險
短語:in danger 陷入危險 out of danger 脫離危險
變形:dangerous adj. 危險的
deal n. 很多
短語:a great deal of 大量的,只能加不可數(shù)名詞
辨析:a great number of 大量的,只能加可數(shù)名詞
vi. 處理
短語:deal with 處理
句型:how to deal with sth.=what to do with sth.
decide vt. 決定
短語:decide to do 決定做某事
變形:decision n. 決定(可數(shù))
deep adj. 深的
adv. 深地(形象的,看得出的深) walk deep into the city
辨析:deeply adv. 深深地(程度上的) influence sb. Deeply
depend on 依靠,取決于(注意沒有被動語態(tài))
如:The result depends on your attitude.
句型:It depends. 看吧,待決定。
如:-Will you come tonight.
-It depends. If he comes, I will come to.
辨析:It’s up to you. 取決于你。
-Will you come tonight.
-It’s up to you. If you come, I will come to.
develop vt. 發(fā)展,形成
短語:develop a habit
變形:developed adj. 發(fā)達的 less developed countries
developing adj. 發(fā)展中的 developing countries
development n. 發(fā)展
devote vt. 把……貢獻于
句型:devote ... to sth./doing sth. 把……貢獻于……
devote oneself to doing 致力于做某事
dictionary n. 字典
短語:look up the word in the dictionary 在字典里查這個單詞
die vi. 死
短語:die of 死于(疾病) die from 死于(天災人禍)
延續(xù)性狀態(tài) be dead
變形:dead adj. death n. dying adj. 奄奄一息的
different adj. 不同的
句型:be different from 與……不同
變形:differently adv. 不同地 difference n. 不同點(可數(shù))
difference句型:make a difference to 對……有影響,有作用
difficulty n. 困難
句型:have difficulty/trouble/problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難
have difficulty/trouble/problems with sth. 在……方面有困難。
注意感嘆句:What difficulty I have doing
變形:difficult adj. 困難的
direct adj. 直接的 take a direct flight
變形:indirect adj. 間接的 directly adv. 直接地
vt. 執(zhí)導
變形:director 導演
discover vt. 發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺
辨析:find 找到(已知的已存在的) find out 查明事情真相
discover 發(fā)現(xiàn)(未知的已存在的東西) invent 發(fā)明(不存在的東西)
如:find my way find out the murderer
discover electricity invent the lights
變形:discovery n. 發(fā)現(xiàn)(可數(shù))
discuss vt. 討論
discuss sth. with sb. 和某人討論某事
變形:discussion n. 討論
divide vt. 分,分開
短語:divide....into.... 把……分成 (注意被動 sth. be divided into....)
變形:dividing line 分界線
doubt vt. 懷疑
句型:I doubt 疑問句式的賓語從句。
I never doubt that從句
There is no doubt that從句
dream n. 夢
v. 做夢
短語:dream of/about 夢想
dress vi.&vt. 穿著,穿衣
短語:dress up 喬裝打扮 dress up as a ghost
dress sb. 給某人穿衣服 sb. be dressed in 衣服 某人穿著……(衣服)
辨析:dress 人
wear 衣服= be dressed in=be in 表示穿著
put on 衣服 表示穿上,一般用于祈使句:Put on your coat. It is cold outside.
in 衣服 穿著,表示狀態(tài) You look nice in blue.= Blue looks nice on you.
drive vt. 駕駛 drive sb. to sp. 開車送某人去某地
vt. 驅(qū)使 drive sb. mad 把某人逼瘋(注意被動 sb. be driven mad)
dry adj. 干的
vt. 弄干
變形:dried adj. dried food 干糧
during prep. 在……期間
during one’s stay at/in sp. 在某人待在某地期間 during my stay there
during the past/last few years 近幾年來(現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞)
辨析:while 在……期間 while 從句 during 名詞短語
while I stayed there=during my stay there
E
each pron. 每個,每件
用法:each 名詞單數(shù)(作主語看作三單):Each student has a notebook.
each of the 名詞復數(shù)(作主語看作三單):Each of the students has a notebook.
放在主語后,做同位語(不作三單):The students each have a notebook.
辨析:every
區(qū)別:1) every 不能放of前,但可以用every one of
2) every一定要表示范圍在三者及以上中的每一個,而each可以表示兩者中的每一個
There are many trees on each side of the road. (不能用every)
3) each強調(diào)個體,every強調(diào)整體。
Each of the students __________ hard on ___________ lessons.
A. works; their B. works; his C. work; their D. work; his
education n. 教育
短語:basic education基礎教育 further education 深造
effort n. 努力(可數(shù))
精力(不可數(shù))句型:put one’s effort into doing 竭盡全力做某事
either pron. 兩者中任意一個
either 名詞單數(shù):either side of the road
either of: Either of the twins is going to Nanjing. (謂語用三單)
conj. Either....or.....(謂語動詞就近原則)
adv. 也不(用于否定句)I can’t swim. He can’t either.
electronic adj. 電子的
else adv. 另外,其他
用法:1) 放在疑問詞后面:what else 還有什么 who else 還有誰
2) 放在復合不定代詞前:something else 還有別的什么 nothing else 沒有別的
考點:其他某人的 someone else’s
辨析:other 其他的 other 名詞復數(shù) else 后面不能加名詞復數(shù)
empty adj. 空的
end n. 結(jié)尾
in the end=at last=finally at the end of .... 在……的結(jié)尾
vi. 結(jié)束 (延續(xù)性動詞為be over)
變形:endless adj. 無止境的
energy n. 精力(不可數(shù))
變形:energetic adj. 精力充沛的
enough adv. 足夠的
短語:enough n. adj. enough (只能用原級)
句型:enough n./adj. enough to do
相關句型:too....to.....太……而不能
So...that...../such.....that..... 如此……以至于……
enter vt. 進入
考點:enter和into不能共用 enter the room=go into the room
environment n. 環(huán)境
especially adv. 尤其
辨析:specially adv. 專門
Europe n. 歐洲
變形:European n. 歐洲人 (考點:a European)
everybody 每個人 everyone 每個人 everything 每個東西,每件事情
everywhere 到處
復合不定代詞:1) 看做三單 2) 形容詞放在后面
3) 可以把else放在后面表示其他……
強調(diào)所有,缺一不可:Everything is ready. 一切都準備好了。
I don’t think everyone can answer it. 我不認為所有人都會做。(部分否定)
Is everyone here? 大家都到了嗎?
exactly adv. 確切地,精確地
What do you mean exactly?
adv. 正是如此
---Is the man under the tree your father? ---Exactly.
excellent adj. 杰出的,出色的
excited adj. 感到激動的
短語:be excited about
辨析:exciting adj. 令人激動的 excitedly adv. 激動地
注意:voice, look, feeling這樣的名詞雖然不是人,但也是表達人自身的情感,要用excited修飾。
如:There is an excited look on his face.
expect vt. 期待
except sb. to do sth.
辨析:look forward to doing sth.
experience n. 經(jīng)歷(可數(shù)) 經(jīng)驗(不可數(shù))
a teacher with full experience an awful experience
explain vt. 解釋
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解釋某事
explore vt. 探索
變形:explorer n. 探索者
express vt. 表達
變形:expression n. 表情,表達
extra adj. 額外的
F
fail vi. & vt. 失敗
fail to do 做某事失敗
變形:failure n. 失敗
fall vi. 掉落
fall over 摔倒 fall down 掉下來 fall off/fall from 地點 從……掉下來
fall asleep 睡著 fall in love with sb. 愛上某人 fall behind 落后
變形:fall-fell-fallen
famous adj. 出名的,著名的
短語:be famous for 因……出名 be famous as 作為……出名
fear n. 害怕,恐懼 in fear
介詞 名詞相當于副詞:with joy with excitement
feel lv. & vt. 感覺到
短語:feel well 身體好 feel sleepy 感到困倦
變形:feeling
few pron. 不多的,少數(shù)的
用法:后面加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) few表示幾乎沒有 a few表示還有一些
辨析:little 表示幾乎沒有,后加不可數(shù)名詞
a little 表示有些,加不可數(shù)名詞; a little 也可以表示一個小,加可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)
如:There is a little water in the cup. There is a little boy at the school gate.
a bit表示有點兒,加形容詞或副詞=a little bit
a bit of表示一點兒,加不可數(shù)名詞
固定短語:very few/little only a few/a little 只有一點點
quite a few/a little 有相當多
fight vt. 打仗 fight-fought-fought
fight sb. fight for sth. 為……打架,抗爭
n. 打仗 a snowball fight 打雪仗
變形:fighter n. 戰(zhàn)斗者
fill vt. 裝滿
fill... with .... 用……裝滿……
be filled with= be full of 充滿
final adj. 最后的 final appearance n. 決賽 in the final
變形:finally=in the end=at last
first adv. 首先
短語和句型:
do sth. first 先做某事 first do sth.=do sth. for the first time 第一次做某事
at first=in the beginning 起初 first of all=above all 首要的是
the first to do 第一個做某事
It is the first time that sb. have/has done sth. (從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時)
辨析:the 序數(shù)詞 表特指,事情已做過;a 序數(shù)詞表泛指,事情還沒做過。
如:This is the second bike that I have bought. I want to buy a third one.
fit adj. 適合的 be fit for
vt. 合身 sth. fit sb. very well
辨析:fit指大小上合適 suit強調(diào)適合,指顏色,款式等 match是物與物是否搭配,或者人與人在某種能力上是否可匹敵
force vt. 逼迫
force sb. to do sth. (注意被動 sb. be forced to do)
foreign adj. 外國的 foreign languages 外語 foreign countries 外國
變形:foreigner n. 外國人
forget vt. 忘記
短語:forget to do 忘記去做某事 forget doing 忘記做過某事
變形:forgetful adj. 健忘的
form vt. 形成 (注意被動語態(tài))
n. 表格,形式 in the form of 以……的形式
free adj. 自由的,空閑的,免費的
短語:do sth. for free 免費做某事 be free for sb. 對……是免費的
in one’s free time 在某人空閑的時候
French adj. 法國的 n. 法國人,法語
變形:France n. 法國
full adj. 滿的
full moon 滿月 full marks 滿分
be full of=be filled with 充滿,滿是
fun n. 樂趣(不可數(shù))
句型:It is fun to do sth. 做某事是樂趣
have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself doing sth. 做某事玩得很開心
考點:感嘆句中要用what引導,并且不能加a:
What fun it is to do .... What fun I have doing ....
furniture n. 家具(不可數(shù))
further adj. (程度上)較遠的,進一步的
further research 進一步的研究 further education 深造
can’t walk any further
變形:furthest adj. /adv. 最深遠
G
general adj. 總的,普遍的
短語:general manager 總經(jīng)理 in general 總的來說
變形:generally adv. 普遍地 generally speaking 總得來說
get off 下車
get短語總結(jié):get on 上車 get up 起床 get away 逃脫,離開
get used to sth/doing sth. 習慣于做某事 get on/along well with sb. 與某人相處好
get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事
gift n. 禮物,天賦
短語:have a gift for 有……的天賦
give短語:
give up 放棄 give out=hand out 分發(fā)
go wrong 弄錯,出錯
go短語總結(jié): go over 復習 go on 繼續(xù) go by (時光)流逝
go for 去從事 go into hiding 躲起來
guard vt. 保衛(wèi)
短語:guard sth. guard against sth. 防范,提防
H
had better 最好(可縮寫為’d better, 情態(tài)動詞,無時態(tài)變化)
had better do 最好做某事 had better not do 最好不要做某事
hand短語:
hand in 上交 hand out 分發(fā) by hand 手工的
happen vi. 發(fā)生 沒有被動語態(tài)
句型:
happen to do 碰巧做某事 sth. happen to sb. 某人發(fā)生了某事
辨析:take place 計劃性地發(fā)生 happen 是偶然發(fā)生
hard adj. 辛苦的,艱辛的 hard work 困難的工作 a hard day’s work
adv. 努力 work hard 努力工作
hard-working adj. 勤奮的,努力的
辨析:hardly adv. 幾乎不
have sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
have sth. to do 有某事要做(本人做)
have sth. done 讓某物被做(找人做)
have nothing to do with 與……無關
have something to do with 與……有關
health n. 健康
變形:healthy adj. 健康的 unhealthy adj. 不健康的 healthily adv. 健康地
healthier adj. 更健康的 healthiest adj. 最健康的
hear短語:
hear of/about 聽說 hear from 收到某人的來信 sb.
hear sb. do sth. 經(jīng)常聽見某人做某事/聽見某人做某事全過程
hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人正在做某事
如:I often hear him play the piano. 我常常聽見他彈鋼琴。
I heard him leave. 我聽見他走了
I heard him playing the piano when I passed the room. 當我經(jīng)過房間時聽到他在彈鋼琴。
heat n. 熱量(不可數(shù))
變形:hot
height n. 高度 What’s the height of sth? = How tall be sth?
help
vt. help sb. (to) do sth. help sb. with sth.
n. need help with sth. 需要某方面的幫助 with the help of 在……的幫助下
helpful adj. 有幫助的,樂于助人的
反義詞:helpless
-ful: hopeful useful helpful careful cheerful forgetful meaningful colourful harmful
-less: hopeless useless helpless careless homeless sleepless meaningless endless harmless
highly adv. 高度地 think/speak highly of 對……高度評價
辨析:high adv. 高地(形象上的) fly high jump high
hold vt. 握住 hold-held-held
短語:hold on 別掛斷
vt. 舉行(有被動) hold a meeting
hope vt. 希望
短語:hope to do
hope that從句(從句一般用將來時)
hope for sth. hope for success
辨析:wish: wish sb. to do (hope沒有這個用法)
wish 從句表示不太容易實現(xiàn)的愿望,用虛擬語氣
n. 希望
變形:hopeless adj. 絕望的 hopeful adj. 有希望的 hopefully adv. 有希望地
honest adj. 誠實的
an honest boy 反義詞:dishonest
to be honest 老實說,一般放在開頭做獨立短語
however adv. 然而
置于開頭,后加“,”。
therefore 因此 moreover 此外 otherwise 否則 anyway 無論如何,不管怎樣
humorous adj. 幽默的
詞性轉(zhuǎn)換:humour n. 幽默 have a sense of humour
hundred/million/thousand
1) 數(shù)字 單數(shù) five hundred workers 五百個工人
2) 復數(shù) of hundreds of people 五百個人
數(shù)字 單數(shù) of the 復數(shù)/代詞賓格 five hundred of the workers 工人中的五百個
hurry vi. &n. 急忙,匆忙
短語:hurry to do 急急忙忙做某事 hurry to sp. 急急忙忙去某地
do sth. in a hurry=be in a hurry to do 急急忙忙做某事
Hurry up! 快點
變形:hurried adj. 急急忙忙的 be hurried to do
I
if conj. 如果(引導條件狀語從句,時態(tài)主將從現(xiàn))
辨析:unless 除非=if not
conj. 是否(引導賓語從句,從句該用什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài))
辨析:whether (可以加選擇疑問句,if只能加一般疑問句)
如:I don’t know whether he will come or not. (不能用if)
經(jīng)典例句:I don’t know if he will come. If he comes, I will call you.
ill adj. 生病的
變形:illness n. 疾病 worse 比較級 worst 最高級
辨析:ill和sick ill只能做表語,放在系動詞后面
sick可以做定語,放在名詞前
imagine vt. 想象,設想
短語:imagine doing 想象做某事
變形:imagination n. 想象力
important adj. 重要的
變形:importance n. 重要性 the importance of .....的重要性
unimportant adj. 不重要的
impress vt. 給……留下印象
短語:impress sb. deeply
變形:impression n. 印象 give sb. a deep impression
in fact 事實上
其他短語:in general 總的來說 in all 總計 in hospital 住院
in order to 以便于 in fear of one’s life 為生命擔憂
in your dreams 你做夢
increase n. 增加 a rapid increase in population
vi. 增加(數(shù)量上,人口,產(chǎn)量) increase rapidly
influence vt. 影響 influence sb.
n. 影響 have an influence on
insist vt. 堅持認為
insist that從句
vi. 堅持
insist on doing 堅持做某事
instead adv. 反而,卻
Instead, he likes it very much.
We can take a taxi instead. (改做某事 do sth. Instead)
instead of 而不是,代替
We will go to the library instead of the park.
We will go swimming instead of going running.
instruction n. 指示,說明(可數(shù))
instrument n. 器具(可數(shù))
interest n. 令人感興趣的事,興趣
短語:places of interest 名勝古跡 have/show a great interest in 對……很感興趣
變形:interesting adj. 有趣的 interested adj. 感興趣的 be interested in
interview n. 面試,采訪 have an interview with sb.
vt. 采訪 interview sb.
變形:interviewer n. 采訪者
introduce vt. 介紹
短語:introduce sb. to sb. 把……介紹給……
變形:introduction n. 介紹
invent vt. 發(fā)明
變形:inventor n. 發(fā)明家 invention n. 發(fā)明
invite vt. 邀請
invite sb. to do sth. 邀請某人做某事 invite sb. to sp. 邀請某人去某地
invitation n. invitation letter 邀請函
J
join vt. 加入 join us join the club (加入團體組織,人)
長動作:be in be a member of
辨析:take part in 參加活動,比賽 attend 強調(diào)出席會議,上學,上課
journey n. 旅程,旅行
just adv. 剛才(現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞)
放在have和done中間,用于肯定句 He has just finished his homework.
adv. 僅僅,只
*just now 剛才(一般過去時標志詞) He came here just now.
K
keep lv. 保持
keep sb. doing keep (on) doing keep sb./sth. adj. keep sb. from doing
keep ... in order keep silent keep off 避開 keep .... away from 使遠離
keep in touch 保持聯(lián)系 keep sb. from sth. 保護,使免受
vt. 保守,保存
keep a secret keep ... to oneself 把……藏在心中
knock vt. 敲,撞
短語:knock on(at) the door knock into sb. 撞上某人
know sth. off (the desk) 把……從……撞下來 know over sth. 撞翻某物
L
last adj. 最后的,上一個 last time
adv. 最近,上一次 I last saw him in Nanjing.
v. 持續(xù)(注意已經(jīng)是延續(xù)性動詞,并且沒有被動,have lasted=have been on)
如:The film lasts 2 hours. 這部電影持續(xù)兩小時。
變形:lasting adj. 持久的
latest adj. 最新的
同義詞:up-to-date(注意前面冠詞用an)
lay vt. 放置(注意??急粍樱?lay-laid-laid
辨析:lie(躺)-lay-laid
lie (說謊)-lied-lied
用法:lay sth. sp. 把某物放置在某地
lead vt. 帶領,領導 lead-led-led
短語:lead to 導致=cause lead to sth./doing sth.
lead sb. to ..... 把某人帶入
n. 領先地位 take the lead
n. 主角 play the lead role of
變形:leader n. 領導
learn vt. 學習 learn-learnt-learnt
短語:learn to do 學習做某事 learn from 向……學習
learn a lot/much about 對……很了解 learn more about 對……了解更多
least adj. 最少的 the least 不可數(shù)名詞 最少的……
adv. 最(不) the least adj. the least expensive
n. 最小,最少 at least 至少 at most 至多
leave vt. 離開
leave sp. 離開某地 leave for sp. 動身去某地 leave sp. for sp. 離開某地去某地
延續(xù)性動詞:be away while I am away 在我離開的時候
vt. 把……落在某地,遺留
與forget辨析:I have left my homework at home.
leave a message 留一個字條
vt. 使處于某種狀態(tài)
leave the light on/off leave the door open/closed leave me alone
leave the tap running
過去分詞做定語表示剩下的
I have 20 yuan left.
less pron. & adj. 較少的
短語和句型:
less than 少于(既能加可數(shù),又能加不可數(shù)) less 不可數(shù)名詞 than 比……少
less adj. less expensive 次貴的
level n. 水平
a high level 高水平 a low level 低水平
lie n. 謊言 tell a lie tell lies
vi. 說謊 lie to sb. lie-lied-lied-lying
vi. 躺,位于 lie-lay-lain-lying
like adj. 像
What be sb./sth. like?=How be sb./sth.?
What 助動詞 sb./sth. look like?=How 助動詞 sb./sth. look? (有l(wèi)ike只能用what提問,有l(wèi)ook主語前用助動詞)
我難以想象沒有水的生活會是什么樣。I can’t imagine what life will be like without water.
list n. 清單 to-do list 待做事項清單
短語:a list of
live vt. 過著……的生活 live a happy life
vi. 居住,生活 live on 以吃……為生
adj. & adv. 現(xiàn)場 live show cover...live
變形:alive lively living
living n. 生存,生計
短語:make one’s living 謀生 do sth. for a living 做某事謀生
living conditions 生活條件
adj. 有生命的 living things 生物
lonely adj. 孤獨的 feel lonely a lonely house
辨析:alone=by oneself=on one’s own 獨自
look短語總結(jié):
look for 尋找 look up 查(字典) look after 照顧 look around 環(huán)顧四周
look over 檢查(作業(yè)) look through 瀏覽 look at 看著 look out at 看著外面的……
look out of 看著……的外面 look out 小心 look into 調(diào)查
lose vt. 丟失,失去 lose-lost-lost
短語:lose one’s way 迷路 lose heart 失去信心
變形:lost adj. 迷失的 get lost 迷路
loss n. 失去 the loss of
luck n. 運氣 Good luck! (用于情景對話中回答別人要去參加考試,面試,比賽等)
變形:lucky adj. 幸運的 luckily adv. 幸運地 unlucky adj. 不幸的
unluckily adv. 不幸地 luckier 比較級 luckiest 最高級
M
main adj. 主要的
變形:mainly adv. 主要地
make lv. 成為 make friends
Vt. 制作 be made of 看得出的材料
be made from 看不出的原材料
be made in 產(chǎn)地
be made by 生產(chǎn)者
make... out of 用(材料)制作……
使役動詞 使得
make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事
Sb. be made to do 某人被讓做某事
make sb./sth. adj. 讓某物/某人怎么樣
make sb./sth. done 讓某人/某物被…… make me understood/heard
短語總結(jié):
make a fire 生火 make a mess 搞得一團糟 make mistakes 犯錯誤
make up 編造 make up of 組成 make a difference to 對……產(chǎn)生影響
make one’s mind 下定決心
manage vt. 設法
短語:manage to do 設法做某事
變形:manager n. 經(jīng)理
mark n. 分數(shù),污漬(可數(shù))
vt. 標志
married adj. 已婚的
短語:get married to sb.(非延續(xù)性動詞) be married to sb.(延續(xù)性動詞)
如:He has been married to his wife for 20 years. = It is 20 years since he got married to his wife.
變形:marry vt. 嫁,娶 marry sb.
如:When did you marry her?
match n. 比賽,火柴
vt. 與……很搭配 Sth. match sth. very well.
Your coat matches your shoes very well.
與……相匹敵 sb. match sb.
No one can match him in our class.
matter n. 事情 What’s the matter?
vi. 要緊 It doesn’t matter. 回答I’m sorry.
What matters most is that he hasn’t realized his mistake. 最要緊的是……
may
1) 表請求:May I do sth? Yes, you may./Yes, you can.
No, you may not./No, you can’t./No, you can’t.
2) 表許可:You may go to the party.
3) 表猜測:He may come, but he isn’t sure.
maybe adv. 也許,可能
辨析:may may be
maybe是副詞,可放在任何位置,不影響原句的結(jié)構(gòu):Maybe he is right.
may是情態(tài)動詞,放在主語后面,后加動詞原形:He may come today.
may be是情態(tài)動詞加be動詞,表示可能是:He may be right.
mean vt. 意思是,意味著
變形:meaning n. 意思 meaningful adj. 有意義的 meaningless adj. 無意義的
medicine n. 藥(不可數(shù))
辨析:pill n. 藥片(可數(shù))
短語:take medicine 吃藥 take pills
變形:medical adj. 醫(yī)療的,醫(yī)學的
mention vt. 提及,說起
句型:Don’t mention it. 不客氣。 回答Thank you.
mess n. 亂七八糟 be in a mess
message 可數(shù)名詞 信息
take a message 用于電話中給某人傳個口信
leave a message 留個字條
method n. 方法(可數(shù))
middle n. 中間
短語:in the middle of 在……中間
變形:medium adj. 中等的 medium height
might 情態(tài)動詞
表猜測,可能性 可能性較小 He might come, but he hasn’t decided.
mind n. 頭腦
短語:make up one’s mind to do sth. 下定決心做某事
change one’s mind 改變某人的想法
on one’s mind 掛在心上,惦念
vt. 介意 mind doing mind sb./one’s doing
考點:Would you mind回答方式:
介意:You’d better not. I’m sorry you can’t. (注意委婉)
不介意:Of course not. Not at all. Go ahead.
注意:Never mind.是沒關系,用來回答I’m sorry.
miss vt. 錯過 miss doing
vt. 想念 miss sb.
變形:missing adj. 丟失的,失去的 go missing
mistake n. 錯誤(可數(shù)) make mistakes
vt. 搞錯 mistake sb./sth. for .... 把……誤認為……
mistake her for a real princess
moment adv. 此刻
短語:at the moment 在此刻(現(xiàn)在進行時標志詞)=at present
at that moment 在那個時候(過去進行時標志詞)
more pron. &adv.&adj. 更多
短語和句型:
more than 超過
more 名詞 than 比……多
no more not...any more 再也不
考點:many more 可數(shù)名詞復數(shù) much more 不可數(shù)名詞
learn more about 對……了解更多
more adj. (多音節(jié)形容詞比較級) more interesting 更有趣
most pron. &adv.&adj. 最多
短語和句型:
at most 至多
the most 名詞 最多的……
need...most 最需要
most adj. (多音節(jié)形容詞最高級) the most interesting 最有趣
move vt. 移動,搬動
短語:move to 搬到 move into 搬進 move away 搬離 move out of 搬出
變形:movement n. 活動,移動
music n. 音樂(不可數(shù))
變形:musical adj. 音樂的 n. 音樂劇(可數(shù))
musician n. 音樂家
must 情態(tài)動詞
表命令:必須 You must do it now.
辨析have to:have to是客觀條件導致的不得不,而must是主觀上必須做
否定:mustn’t 禁止做
考點:must提問,否定用needn’t或don’ have to回答
如:Must I finish homework today? Yes, you must. No, you needn’t./you don’t have to.
表猜測,可能性:一定 He must be Mr. Green.
注意不可能是can’t.
N
nature n. 自然
變形:natural adj. 自然的
necessary adj. 必要的
變形:unnecessary
need vt. 需要
句型:need to do 需要做某事 don’t need to do 不需要做某事
need sth 需要某物 don’t need sth. 不需要某物
need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 Sth. need doing 某物需要被做
needn’t 情態(tài)動詞 needn’t do 沒必要做某事
n. 需求(可數(shù)) satisfy one’s needs 滿足某人的需求
in need 有需要的 people in need
in need of 需要…… in need of time
neighbour n. 鄰居
neither conj. 也不
Neither...nor..... 既不……也不……連接兩個主語時看后一個主語確定謂語動詞
就近原則還適用于:either...or.....; not only....but also和there be句型
pron.(兩者)都不
Neither of the twins has a bike. 這一對雙胞胎都沒有自行車。(neither和either做主語都看成第三人稱單數(shù))
adv. 也不
1) 倒裝句結(jié)構(gòu):Nor/Neither be動詞/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞 主語。
如:He can’t swim. Nor/Neither can I.
He isn’t happy. Nor/Neither am I.
He doesn’t like red. Nor/Neither do I.
(注意:a. neither表示也不,前面一句話得是否定句; b. 仍然遵循主將從現(xiàn)規(guī)則:If he doesn’t come, neither will I.)
如果表達某人也是,即前面一句若是肯定,那么把neither換成so,如:
He can swim, so can I.
He is happy, so am I.
He likes red, so do I.
2) Me, neither. = Neither do/can/am I. 我也不。
nervous adj. 緊張不安的
never adv. 從不(一般現(xiàn)在時標志詞) I never eat chocolate at night.
adv. 從沒 (現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞)I have never seen him before.
nod vi. 點頭(注意過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞雙寫d)
noise n. 噪音
變形:noisy adj. 吵鬧的 noisier noisiest
noisily adv. 吵鬧地
none pron. 沒有一個
None of ..... ……中沒有一個
辨析:neither (兩者)沒有一個 none (三者及以上)沒有一個
nothing 沒有東西(沒有出現(xiàn)具體東西) none 沒有一個(出現(xiàn)具體東西)
How much/many .....? None.
What is 地點? Nothing.
northern adj. 北方的
變形:north n. 北方
如:in northern China= in the north of China= in North China
其他同類型單詞:eastern southern western southwestern northwestern
southeastern northeastern
not only .... but also ...... 不但……而且…… (謂語動詞就近原則)
就近原則:neither...nor.... 既不……也不……
either...or.... 要么……要么……
There be 句型
notice n. 布告
vt. 注意,察覺
短語:notice sb. do sth. 注意到某人經(jīng)常做某事/注意到某人做了某事的全過程
notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人正在做某事
number n. 數(shù)量
考點:a (great)number of和the number of的區(qū)別
a (great) number of=many,僅表示物體的量,后面要直接加可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),謂語動詞不用三單。
如:A (great) number of students are going to Nanjing tomorrow.
the number of表示……的數(shù)量,后面必須加特定范圍,必須有限定詞再加可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù),謂語動詞用三單。
如:The number of the students in our class is 56.
注意:the number對應的多和少不能用many, much或little,而要用small, large或big.
如:The number of the students in our class is larger than that of yours.
O
off adv. 離開,脫離
短語:let off 放(煙花) have XX days off 放……天假
take off 起飛,脫掉 get off 下車 turn off 關掉(電器)
put off 推遲 fall off (從某地)掉下來
offer vt. 主動提供 n. 錄取通知書
offer sth. to sb. =offer sb. Sth.
special offer 特價優(yōu)惠
once adv. 曾經(jīng),一度(一般過去時)
=used to
adv. 一次
open vt. 打開,開業(yè)
延續(xù)性動詞:be open
adj. 開著的
短語:open up 開啟,開創(chuàng)
operate vi. 做手術(shù)
短語:operate on sb.
變形:operation do an operation on sb.
opposite n. 對立的人或物
短語:the opposite of ……的相反 Australian seasons are the opposite of ours.
prep. 在……的對面;與……相反
Sth. be opposite sth. 在……的對面 The supermarket is opposite our school.
order vt. 命令,點菜
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
n. 命令 receive an order to do sth. 收到做某事的命令
n. 訂單(可數(shù))
n. 順序 keep .... in order 使……保持井然有序
短語:in order to do 為了做某事 in order that從句 為了……
organize vt. 組織
變形:organization n. 組織 organized adj. 有條理的,有效率的
organizer n. 組織者
over:
1) ……的正上方 There is a bridge over the river.
2) 從上方越過 A plane is flying over the forest.
3) 結(jié)束 The class is over. (是end和finish的長動作)
4) 超過(數(shù)量和年齡) There are over 30 students in our class.
The girls over 12 can take part in the activities.
5) 翻過來 fall over 摔倒 knock over 撞翻 go over 復習
6) 在……期間 over the years over the last/past few years (現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞)
own:1. adj. 自己的 one’s own sth.=sth. of one’s own
2. 獨自 on one’s own=by oneself=alone
3. vt. 擁有 I own it.
out adv. (從……里)出來,向外,外出
短語: go out 出去 work out 解出,解決 give out 分發(fā)
turn out 結(jié)果是,原來是 put out 撲滅 find out 查明
look out 小心 look out of 看著……的外面 look out at 看著外面的……
P
paint vt. 用顏料涂 n. 顏料(不可數(shù))
短語:paint sth. 顏色
變形:painter n. 畫家 painting n. 畫
paper n. 紙(不可數(shù)名詞) a piece of paper
n. 卷子(可數(shù)名詞)
pass vt. 從旁經(jīng)過 pass a shop
vt. 通過(考試) pass the exam
*pass的過去式是passed
passenger n. 乘客
past prep. (從旁)經(jīng)過
go past a bookshop=pass a bookshop
辨析:past是從旁經(jīng)過 through是從內(nèi)部穿過 across是從表面橫穿過
over是從上方越過
past是介詞 pass是動詞:pass=go past
n. 過去 in the past 在過去(一般過去時標志詞)
adj. 過去的 in/during/over the past XX years 近XX年來(現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞)
patient adj. 耐心的
n. 病人
變形:patience n. 耐心 patiently adv. 耐心地 impatient adj. 不耐心的
impatiently adv. 不耐煩地
peace n. 和平,安寧
變形:peaceful adj. 安寧的,平和的 peacefully adv. 安寧地,平和地
physics n. 物理學
pill n. 藥片(可數(shù)) take pills
辨析:medicine n. 藥(不可數(shù))
pity n. 同情,憐憫
have/take pity on (不加a)
n. 遺憾,可惜 What a pity! (用于對方不能赴約時回答)
It is a pity that ....
plan vt. 計劃 plan to do plan a day out 計劃外出一天
n. 計劃 plans for..... ……的計劃
注意:plan不用將來時,plan要注意雙寫
pleasant adj. 令人愉悅的
a pleasant trip 反義詞:unpleasant
變形:pleased adj. 感到高興的 be pleased with 對……很滿意
pleasure n. 榮幸
pleasure考點:With pleasure. 是別人請求幫助,還沒有幫時所用的回答。
My pleasure./It’s a(my) pleasure. 是在幫助完后,別人表示感謝時所用的回答。
如:----It’s kind of you to do..../Thank you for..... ---My pleasure.
----Could you help me....? ---With pleasure.
plenty 大量,充足
plenty of 大量,足夠 后面加名詞可以可數(shù)也可以不可數(shù)
polite adj. 禮貌的
反義詞:impolite 副詞:politely
im反義詞總結(jié):impossible impolite improper impatient
pollution n. 污染(不可數(shù))
短語:air pollution water pollution
變形:pollute vt. 污染 pollute air pollute water
polluted adj. 被污染的 a polluted river
population n. 人口
短語:the population of ……的人口
have a population of 人口為……
What’s the population of ……的人口是多少?
How large is the population of ……的人口是多少?
注意:population的形容詞用large和small修飾,不用多和少。
possible adj. 可能的
句型:It is possible for sb. to do.... It is possible that
as....as possible 盡可能……=as .... as sb. can
變形:impossible possibility n. 可能性 (不可數(shù))
句型:There is no possibility to do/that ....
power n. 力量,電力 power cut 斷電
變形:powerful
practice vt. 練習,從事
practise doing 練習做某事
變形:practical adj. 實際的
praise n. 表揚(不可數(shù)名詞) vt. 表揚
prefer vt. 寧愿選擇,更喜歡
短語:prefer sth. to sth. 比起某物更喜歡某物(to是介詞,比起)
prefer doing sth. to doing sth. 比起做某事更喜歡做某事(to是介詞,比起)
prefer to do sth. to do (這里的to do是不定式)
注意:prefer過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞要注意雙寫r;一定要區(qū)分to是比起還是表目的
present n. 禮物
n. 現(xiàn)在 at present=at the moment=now 現(xiàn)在進行時標志詞
vt. 頒發(fā) present sth. to sb.=present sb. with sth. 給某人頒發(fā)某物
Sth. be presented to sb. = Sb. be presented with sth.
president n. 總統(tǒng) the president of ....
prevent vt. 阻止
句型:prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth. keep sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
prison n. 監(jiān)獄
短語:in prison 坐牢(注意不能加冠詞the)
private adj. 私人的
probably adv. 大概,或許(可能性較大)
He has probably arrived there.
perhaps一般放在開頭,如:Perhaps he has arrived there.
problem n. 問題
have problems doing sth. 做某事有困難 have problems with sth. 在……方面有困難
have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 同義短語
produce vt. 導致,生產(chǎn)
變形:product n. 產(chǎn)品(可數(shù)) production n. 產(chǎn)量,生產(chǎn)(不可數(shù))
progress n. 進步,進展(不可數(shù)名詞)
make much progress 取得很大進步
promise n. & vt. 承諾,允諾
短語:promise to do 答應做某事
promise sb. sth. 承諾某人某物
pronounce vt. 發(fā)音
變形:pronunciation n. 發(fā)音
proper adj. 恰當?shù)?,合適的
變形:improper adj. 不恰當?shù)?properly adv. 恰當?shù)?,正常?/p>
proud adj. 自豪的,驕傲的
短語:be proud of 對……感到驕傲
變形:pride n. 驕傲 the pride of ……的驕傲
take pride in 對……感到驕傲
prove vt. 證明
短語:prove sth. to sb. 向某人證明某事
prove adj. 證明是……的 prove correct 證明是對的
prove that從句
注意:prove初中考點是當系動詞用的,不用被動語態(tài)
provide vt. 提供
句型:provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.
public n. 民眾,群體
短語:in public 公開地(注意不加冠詞the)
adj. 公開的,公共的 public places
punish vt. 懲罰
變形:punishment n. 懲罰
purpose n. 目的
句型:The purpose of sth. is to do sth. ……的目的是做……
put短語總結(jié):
put in 安裝 put on 張貼 put away 收好 put out 撲滅
put off 推遲 put down 放下
Q
quality n. (產(chǎn)品的)質(zhì)量
quarter n. 四分之一
three quarters 四分之三=three fourths
R
raise vt. 飼養(yǎng),募集,升起
短語:raise a family raise money for raise your hand
變形:raising n. 升起 watch the raising of the national flag
辨析:raise是及物動詞,有被動 The flag has been raised.
rise是不及物動詞,沒有被動 The sun rises in the east.
rapid adj. 快速的 a rapid increase in population
變形:rapidly adv. 快速地 increase rapidly
real adj. 真實的,真的(東西真的,假的)
辨析:true 復合事實的 a real tiger a true story
變形:really
realize vt. 意識到;實現(xiàn)
recently adv. 最近(現(xiàn)在完成時的標志詞)
變形:recent adj. 最近的 recent news
refuse vt. 拒絕
短語:refuse to do 拒絕做某事
regret vt. 后悔
短語:regret to do 遺憾地做某事(還沒做) regret to tell you 很遺憾地告訴你
regret doing 后悔做某事(已做過) regret riding bike here 后悔騎車來
relax vt.&vi. 放松
短語:help sb. relax make sb. relax oneself 使某人放松自己
變形:relaxed adj. 放松的 make sb. relaxed
relaxing adj. 令人放松的
remain vi. 逗留,保持不變
remain adj. 保持……的狀態(tài) remain awake 保持清醒
remind vt. 提醒,使想起(注意被動)
句型:remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事
repeat vt. 重復
reply n. 回復,回答
vi. 回答,回復 reply to 回答某人
report n. 報告(可數(shù)) a weather report a news report
vt. 報告,舉報
句型:It’s reported .... 據(jù)報道
report sth. to sb. 向某人舉報某事
變形:reporter n. 記者
respect vt. 尊敬,尊重
require vt. 要求,需要
短語:require sth. 需要某物
require to do sth. 需要做某事
require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
Sth. require doing. 某物要求被做了。(用法同need)
如:The room requires/needs cleaning.
research n. & vt. 研究,調(diào)查
rest n. 休息 have a rest
n. 剩下的 the rest of (謂語動詞由of后面的名詞決定)
如:The rest of the students are doing homework in the classroom.
The rest of the earth is covered with water.
return vi. 回 return to sp. 回到某地 return from sp. 從……回
vt. 歸還 return sth. to sb. 把某物還給某人
注意點:return不能和back共用
risk vt. 冒險
短語:risk doing 冒險做某事
n. 冒險
run out 用完,耗盡
Sth. run out. 某物用光了(沒有被動語態(tài))
run out of 用光某物(有被動)
I run out of money. My money has run out. My money has been run out of.
S
sad adj. 悲傷的
變形:sadness n. 悲傷 sadly adv. 悲傷地
safe adj. 安全的
變形:safely adv. 安全地 unsafe adj. 不安全的 safety n. 安全
save v. 拯救,節(jié)約
satisfy vt. 使?jié)M意,滿足
短語:satisfy one’s needs 滿足……的需求 sth. satisfy sb. 某物使某人滿意
變形:satisfied adj. 感到滿意的 be satisfied with 對……感到滿意的
satisfying adj. 令人滿意的
say 說
句型:The book/magazine/newspaper says..... 書上/報紙上/雜志上寫著……
It’s said that 據(jù)說
辨析:say 說話的內(nèi)容 speak 語言 tell 人/a story.... talk about/of sth
talk with/to sb.
scientist n. 科學家
變形:science n. 科學
search vt. 搜查
短語:search 地點 search for sth. 搜查某物(找的對象)
secret n. 秘密 keep a secret keep secrets
adj. 秘密的 keep sth. secret
變形:secretly adv. 秘密地
sell vt. 賣 sell-sold-sold
短語:sell well 賣得好(無被動) sell out 賣光(有被動)
變形:sales 銷售量
separate vt. 分開,隔開
短語:separate A from B 把A與B分開
serious adj. 嚴重的,嚴肅的
變形:seriously
serve vt. 服務 serve as 服役于(后加職業(yè)) serve as a pilot
變形:service n. 服務 be in service 投入使用
several pron. 幾個,數(shù)個 (后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復數(shù))
shape vt. 使成形,塑造 shape your future and your life
n. 形狀
share vt. 分享,合用
share sth with sb
show短語總結(jié):
show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 給某人看某物 show sb. around sp. 帶領某人參觀某地
show sb. how to do sth. 展示給某人看怎么做某事 show off 炫耀
silence 寂靜,沉默
變形:silent adj. 沉默的
similar adj. 相似的,類似的
短語:be similar to
simply adv. 僅僅,簡直
變形:simple adj. 簡單的,簡易的
since conj. 自……以來
用法:1) since 過去時間點: since yesterday
2) since 時間段 ago: since 2 years ago
3) since 從句(一般過去時):since I came here
句型:It is XX years since 從句(一般過去時)
It is 5 years since I came here. =I have been here since 5 years ago.
我來這兒五年了。
辨析:for 時間段
conj. 由于,既然(引導原因狀語從句)
辨析:because是不知道原因:I was late because my bike was broken on the way.
since強調(diào)眾所周知的原因:Since it’s raining outside, let’s stay at home.
single adj. 單身的,單個的
situation n. 情況,狀況
辨析:condition situation指的是一件事情發(fā)展的情況;condition是一個物體所處于的狀況
如:My car is in a good condition.
The situation is becoming better and better.
smooth adj. 光滑的,平坦的
變形:smoother smoothly
so conj. 所以 不能與because連用
adv. 如此,這么
辨析:so與such
1) so adj/adv. so clean so quietly
so adj. a/an n. so clever a boy
such 名詞短語:such a clean classroom= so clean a classroom
such clean water
such useful books
2) 如果名詞短語中有出現(xiàn)much, many, few, little(少)時,只能用so,不能用such,如:
so many books so much water so few books so little water
3) 當little表示小時,仍然按照原則1判斷:
such little girls (little表示小,加可數(shù)名詞) so little water(little表示少加不可數(shù)名詞)
短語和句型:so far 到現(xiàn)在為止(現(xiàn)在完成時標志) so much for .... ……到此為止
so that 以便于,為了(引導目的狀語從句)
social adj. 社會的
變形:society n. 社會
something/nothing/everything/nothing/someone/anyone/no one/everyone
復合不定代詞:1) 看做三單 2) 形容詞放在后面
3) 可以把else放在后面表示其他……
thing指代物:分別為某物 沒有東西 所有的東西 沒有東西
one指代人:為別為某人 任何人 沒有人 所有人
somewhere 某地 anywhere 任何地方 nowhere 沒有地方 everywhere 到處
space n. 太空 in/into space (space表太空前面不加冠詞the)
空間(不可數(shù))
空地 open space(可數(shù))
spare adj. 空閑的,多余的 in one’s spare time
vt. 抽出,勻出 spare time to do sth. 抽出時間做某事
special adj. 特殊的
變形:specially 專門
speech n. 演說,演講(可數(shù))
speak的名詞形式 speaker n. 發(fā)言人
spend vt. 度過 spend the holiday spend the whole day
花費 sb. spend some time (in) doing sth./on sth.
speed n. 速度
短語:at high speed at low speed at full speed at a speed of
vi. speed up 加速
spread n. 擴散 the spread of
vi. & vt. (消息,病毒)擴散 (一般不用被動)
鋪開,散開(有被動) spread-spread-spread
如:The news spreads quickly.
Everything is spread everywhere.
standard n. 標準
短語:work to high standards up to standard
stair n. 樓梯
upstairs 在樓上 downstairs 在樓下
stay vi. Stay at 小地點 stay in 大地點
n. go to sp. for a stay during one’s stay in/at sp.
step n. 步驟,步伐,臺階 step by step
vi. 跨步 注意雙寫尾字母改過去式過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞
stomach n. 胃(復數(shù)直接加s)
straight adj. 筆直的 adv. 筆直地 sit straight
strength n. 力量
是strong的名詞形式
succeed vi. 成功
句型:succeed in doing sth.
變形:success n. 成功 What a great success.
successful adj. 成功的 successfully adv. 成功地
suggest vt. 建議
短語:suggest doing 建議做某事
變形:suggestion n. 建議(可數(shù))
辨析:與advice的區(qū)別(見advise)
suit n. 套裝
Vt. 適合(指款式或顏色上是否適合)
變形:suitable adj. 適合的 be suitable for 適合……
support vt. 支持 support sb. to do sth. 支持某人做某事
n. 支持 with one’s support 在某人的支持下
without one’s support 沒有某人的支持
suppose vt. 猜想,假定,料想
suppose that從句(注意:主語是第一人稱,從句是否定句時,否定要前移)
如:I don’t suppose that he will believe it. 我認為他不會相信的。
be supposed to do 應該做某事
如:He is supposed to know the answer.
sure adj. 當然
句型:be sure of sth. 對……確定
be sure to do 確定做某事
be sure that從句 確定……
變形:unsure adj. 不確定的
surface n. 表面
短語:the surface of ……的表面
surprise n. 驚奇,詫異 to one’s surprise 令某人驚奇的是
vt. 使驚訝 sth. surprise sb. 某事使某人驚訝
變形:surprised adj. 感到驚訝的 surprising n. 令人驚訝的
T
take place 發(fā)生,舉行(沒有被動語態(tài))
句型:The sports meeting will take place on Saturday.
Great changes have taken place in Changzhou.
take其它短語:take off 起飛,脫掉 take on 承擔 take away 帶走
take in 吸收 take out 取出,拿出 take notice of 注意,察覺
take care 保重 take care of 照顧
taste lv. 嘗起來 taste good
vt. 品嘗 taste sth carefully
n. 品味,味道
變形:tasty adj. 美味的 tastier tastiest
technology n. 技術(shù)(不可數(shù)) high technology
terrible adj. 可怕的
變形:terribly adv. 可怕地 be terribly cold
以le結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞:去e改y
the same ....as .... 與……一樣
the same 名詞 as the same weight as =as heavy as
the same height as = as tall as
think的短語和句型:
think twice (about sth.) 三思而后行 think of 想起,想出
think about 考慮
think it adj. to do sth. 認為做某事是怎樣的
變形:thought n. 想法(可數(shù))
through prep. 穿過(從內(nèi)部穿過) walk through the forest
憑借
貫穿整個 through the winter through the ride
短語:look through 瀏覽 put...through 給……接通電話(注意被動語態(tài))
tidy adj. 整潔的,愛整潔的
v. 收拾,整理 tidy up
變形:untidy 不整潔的 tidier 比較級 tidiest 最高級
time n. 時間(不可數(shù)),次(可數(shù)),時代(可數(shù))
短語:have a good time=have fun=enjoy oneself doing sth. 玩得開心
at a time 一次,每次 at times 有時候 at all times 總是
at different times 在不同的時代 on time 準時 in time 及時
from time to time 時不時,偶爾
辨析:sometime 某時 some time 一段時間 some times 幾次 sometimes 有時候
如:I saw her sometime last week. 我上周某個時間看見她了。(時間點)
I spend some time in Nanjing every week. 我每周在南京待一段時間。(時間段)
I have been there some times.
Sometimes I go to school by bike.
tired adj. 感到勞累的 be tired of
變形:tiring adj. 令人疲累的
train vt. 接受訓練,培訓
變形:training n. 訓練 trainer n. 訓練者
translate vt. 翻譯
短語:translate ....into.... 把……翻譯成……(注意被動)
如:The book has been translated into seven languages.
treat n. 招待
vt. 對待,招待,治療
變形:treatment n. 治療
辨析:cure 治愈(強調(diào)結(jié)果)
true adj. 真的,真實的(符合事實的)
變形:truly adv. 真實地 truth n. 真相
辨析:real adj. 真的(指東西真的假的)
trust vt. 信任 trust sb.
try短語總結(jié):
try out for 參加……的選拔 try one’s best to do 盡力做某事
try on 試穿
turn out 結(jié)果是,原來是
句型:It turns out that.....
It turns out to be..... (注意turn out不用被動)
turn的短語總結(jié):turn off 關閉(電器) turn on 打開(電器)
turn up 調(diào)高 turn down 調(diào)低
turn....into 把……變成……
U
unless conj. 除非
引導條件狀語從句,時態(tài)規(guī)則為主將從現(xiàn)
unknown adj. 未知的
短語:be unknown to 對……未知
until conj. 直到……為止(引導時間狀語從句)
時態(tài)規(guī)則:主將從現(xiàn)或主過從過
辨析:until是直到……結(jié)束(主句用延續(xù)性動詞)
not until是直到……才(主句一般用非延續(xù)性動詞)
I won’t leave until he comes back.
I didn’t leave until he came back.
I will stay here until he comes back.
I stayed here until he came back.
up短語:
take up 占據(jù)(時間,空間) put up 張貼 set up 建立,設立
turn up 調(diào)高音量 give up 放棄 get up 起來
eat up 吃光 use up 用光 tidy up 清理干凈
clean up 打掃干凈 come up with 提出,想出
use vt. 使用
短語:use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 be used to do 被用來做某事
use sth. for 某物用于某事 be used for 被用于
n. 用處(可數(shù)名詞) be in use 投入使用
used to 過去,曾經(jīng)
句型:used to do 過去常常做某事 used to be 過去曾經(jīng)是
there used to be 過去曾經(jīng)有
否定形式:1) used not to 2) didn’t use to
辨析句型:1) be/get used to doing 習慣于做某事
2) be used to do/for doing 被用來做某事
V
valuable adj. 寶貴的,貴重的
變形:value n. 價值
句型:be valuable= be of value
be important= be of importance
be helpful= be of help
voice n. 嗓音 a good voice
excited voice(注意voice, look, feeling都是表示人的情感,所以用ed結(jié)尾的形容詞修飾)
辨析:sound 聲音 voice 專指人的嗓音 noise 噪音
volunteer n. 志愿者
v. 志愿做 volunteer to do 志愿做某事
W
wait vi. 等待
wait for sb./sth. 等待某人/某物 wait for sb. to do sth. 等待某人做某事
短語:can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事
變形:waiter 服務員 waitress 女服務員
warmth n. 溫暖,暖和
warm的名詞形式
warn vt. 警告
短語:warn sb. not to do sth. 警告某人不要做某事(注意被動語態(tài))
變形:warning n. 警告
waste n. 廢料,廢品(不可數(shù))
n. 浪費 句型:It is a waste to do sth. 做某事是浪費時間
vt. 浪費 waste time waste money
way n. 路,方法
短語:in this way 用這種方法 on the way 在路上 in one’s way 擋了某人的道
by the way 順便問一下 in some ways 在某種程度上
wealthy adj. 富有的
變形:wealthier wealthiest wealth n. 財富
be wealthy= be of wealth
weight n. 重量
變形:weigh v. 重,稱重
What’s the weight of sth?= How much do sth. weigh? = How heavy be sth?
well-paid adj. 收入高的
只能放在名詞前 a well-paid job
如果放在系動詞后,不能用連字符號。如:He is well paid.
whenever conj. 無論何時
whatever conj. 無論什么 wherever conj. 無論何地
whoever conj. 無論誰
whether conj. 是否
引導一般疑問句或選擇疑問句式的賓語從句:
I doubt whether he will come tomorrow.
與if表是否時的區(qū)別:if不可以引導選擇疑問句,有or只能用whether.
if不能放在介詞后
whether...or.... 不管……還是……
I won’t come whether on Saturday or on Sunday.
while n. 一會兒 for a while
conj. 然而(表對比)
I like black, while he likes white.
conj. 當(加延續(xù)性動詞)
While I was doing homework, the telephone rang.
While I was doing homework, my father was watching TV.
辨析:when(while后一定要加延續(xù)性動詞,而when可加短暫性動詞)
while doing
while I am away 當我離開的時候
wide adj. 寬的 a wide road
adv. 大大地 open your eyes wide
變形:widely adv. 廣泛地 be widely used
win vt. 贏得
win a game/match win an award
變形:win-won-won
wise adj. 明智的
變形:wisdom n. 智慧 wisely 明智地 unwise adj. 不明智的
wonder n. 奇跡(可數(shù)名詞) vt. 想知道 加疑問句式的賓語從句
變形:wonderful adj. wonderfully adv.
worry n. 令人擔憂的事,焦慮(可數(shù)名詞)
vt. 使……擔心 句型:Sth. worry sb. 如:His illness worries me.
vi. 擔憂,擔心 worry about 如:I worry about his illness.
變形:worried adj. 感到焦急的
短語:be worried about 對……感到著急的
worse/worst 更差/最差
bad/badly/ill的比較級和最高級
worth adj. 值得,值……錢
句型:be worth doing 值得一做
be worth a visit 值得一游
work n. 工作(不可數(shù)名詞)
n. 作品(可數(shù)名詞) works of art 藝術(shù)品
vt. 奏效 It works.
短語:work out 算出,解決
would rather (可縮寫為’d rather) 寧愿,更喜歡
句型:would rather do sth. than do sth. (后面不能加sth.,只能加動詞原形)
wound vt. 使……受傷
句型:be wounded with sth. by sb. 被某人用某物所傷
Y
yet adv. 還,仍(現(xiàn)在完成時標志詞,放句末,用于疑問句和否定句)
adv. 然而 可以和though以及although連用
yourself 你自己
help yourself to food/drinks 隨便吃,別客氣 enjoy yourself 玩得開心
learn by yourself=teach yourself 自學 keep ... to yourself 把……藏在心里
其他反身代詞:myself yourself himself herself itself
ourselves yourselves themselves