有人說，非謂語題在高考英語試卷中，少則一題，多則兩三題，沒幾分，不必太在意。其實(shí)不然，非謂語作為一種基本的語法現(xiàn)象是可以出現(xiàn)在任何題目中的，涉及單選、完型、閱讀、改錯(cuò)等各類題型，即使是在作文中，如果通篇都不出現(xiàn)一個(gè)非謂語，恐怕分?jǐn)?shù)也不會(huì)太高。可以說，非謂語在整張考卷中都以各種可察覺或不可察覺的方式考查著我們。因此，千萬不要以分值小為由而忽略非謂語的重要性。關(guān)于非謂語的語法詳講，同學(xué)們?cè)谡n堂上已基本掌握，下文主要以高考真題為例，以非謂語題的答題技巧為主要內(nèi)容，來梳理一下這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，幫助同學(xué)們?cè)诟呖加⒄Z中準(zhǔn)確解答，穩(wěn)拿高分。非謂語形式就是動(dòng)詞的變形，即由動(dòng)詞變化而來，但不能做謂語，而是承擔(dān)其他語法功能。主要有三種形式：不定式，分詞（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞），動(dòng)名詞。詳見下表：
以上形式又各有不同的變化形式，如：
大體用法如下：
非謂語動(dòng)詞的否定形式：
在非謂語動(dòng)詞前加not。
非謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：
①for sb.to do sth.（sb.是to do的邏輯主語）
②one's doing（one是doing的邏輯主語）
例如：
For Tom to learn a foreign language is too difficult.
相當(dāng)于It is too difficult for Tom to learn a foreign language.
句意：對(duì)湯姆來說學(xué)習(xí)一門外語太難了。（Tom 是to learn a foreign language的邏輯主語。）
例如：Do you mind Tom's smoking?
句意：你介意湯姆吸煙嗎？（Tom是smoking的邏輯主語。）
確定是否需要非謂語。句中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞，再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作時(shí)，須用非謂語形式，如果是并列謂語要有and或“，”鏈接。
分析是不是固定短語。如果是，按照固定短語分析。
分析出非謂語的邏輯主語，主要有以下集幾種情況：
①非謂語做定語時(shí)，非謂語的邏輯主語是非謂語所修飾的詞。
例如：I like the teacher teaching English.
（譯：我喜歡教英語的那個(gè)老師。）
句中非謂語做定語，修飾the teacher，the teacher是非謂語teaching的邏輯主語，非謂語與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
②非謂語做狀語時(shí)，非謂語的邏輯主語是主句的主語。
例如：Watching TV，she was moved.
（譯：看電視時(shí)，她被感動(dòng)了。）
句中非謂語做狀語，非謂語的邏輯主語就是主句的主語，she是非謂語watching TV的邏輯主語，非謂語與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
③非謂語做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，非謂語的邏輯主語是該句的賓語。
例如：His boss wanted Li Lei to finish the work.
主語 謂語 賓語 賓語補(bǔ)足語
（譯：李雷的老板讓他完成工作。）
句中非謂語to finish做賓語him的補(bǔ)足語，him 是to finish的邏輯主語，非謂語與其邏輯主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。
確定非謂語的邏輯主語后，分析非謂語與其邏輯主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
分析非謂語表示的動(dòng)作與主句謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間關(guān)系，分析非謂語表示的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的同時(shí)、之前還是之后。
1.Like many other students, you may have various people, 56 (include) family members and friends, giving input on your college.
1. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 62 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.2.This may be due to some disadvantages for people 64 (live) in the countryside, including lower (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【2020年】
1. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments on board Chang'e-4 66 (find) and study areas of theSouth Pole-Aitken basin.
2. I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook.
3. My mom told me how to preparing it.
1. They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
2. They make great gifs and you see them many times 65 (decorate) with red envelopes andmessages of good fortune.
3. They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.
1. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 67 (find) the well-known painter.
2. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.
1. As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time inhistory or 43 (walk) through a rainforest.
1. Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 60 (change)lives.
2. Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season)，planting at the right time and, in dry areas， 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields.
1. Technological innovations, ____ good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.A. combined with B. combining with
C. having combined with D. to be combined with
1. Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area.
2. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (錯(cuò)覺) that populations are higher than they actually are.3. All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.1. A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61 (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee — still working 40 hours a week.2. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans 65 (retire) from her 36-year-old business.3. When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.1. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 62 (get) there.2. On the last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.3. Now my dream is to opens a pen cafe.4. If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.1. But?some?students?didn't?want? 63? (wear)?the?uniform.1.You don't have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
2. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.1. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.2. China's approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens 'offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide', says the bank's Juergen Voegele.4. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not let me.1. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel 65 (challenge).2. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me 70 (stay) and watch.3. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.1. I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time.
1. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.
2. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.1. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.2. When summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!1. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest).
2. But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.1. Sixteen?years?earlier,?Pahlsson?had?removed?the?diamond?ring?? 61? (cook)?a?meal.2. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.1. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. 1. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home.
2. We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.1. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 63 (create) special designs.
2. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs(樹枝) to remove it.3. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.1. A?study?of?travelers 68 (conduct)?by?the?website?Trip Advisor?names?Yangshuo?as?one?of?the?top?10?destinations?in?the?world.
2. Abercrombie?&?Kent,?a?travel?company?in?Hong?Kong,?says?it regularly?arranges?quick?gateways?here?for?people 70 (live)?in?Shanghai?and?Hong?Kong.1. The adobe dwellings (土坯房) 61 (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without 64 (use) electric equipment. 2. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough 66 (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.3. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.1.including
句意為“像許多其他學(xué)生一樣，可能會(huì)有各種各樣的人，包括你的家人 和朋友，為你上哪所大學(xué)提供意見”?？瞻滋帒?yīng)填介詞 including 。
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句意可知，該句謂語動(dòng)詞為had，故此空考查study的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，此處作countries的后置定語；而countries與study之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且“研究”是已經(jīng)完成了的動(dòng)作，故填studied。 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。此空考查live的非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，此處作people的后置定語；而people與live之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故填living。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：中國(guó)的研究者希望使用嫦娥四號(hào)上的設(shè)備來發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究南極艾特肯盆地。此處表示目的，應(yīng)使用不定式作目的狀語。故填to find。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我喜歡吃西紅柿炒雞蛋。動(dòng)詞fry與tomatoes之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以此處應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語，故將frying改為fried。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我媽媽告訴我如何準(zhǔn)備這道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told的賓語，to是不定式符號(hào)，后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞原形，故將preparing改為prepare。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們代表著大地的復(fù)蘇和對(duì)新開端的美好祝愿。句中謂語動(dòng)詞為represent，所以這里為非謂語動(dòng)詞。名詞earth與comeback to之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填coming。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們是很好的禮物，你會(huì)經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和好運(yùn)的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，與decorate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故填decorated。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：它們很容易照顧，也很適合作為禮物。這里考查“be +形容詞 + to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填tocare。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示“出發(fā)去做某事”短語為set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語。故填to find。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他看到霧氣從河上升起，山頂上烏云環(huán)繞，他不禁流下了眼淚。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the soft clouds 69 (surround) the mountain tops是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，surround在句中應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語clouds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填surrounding。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個(gè)不同的歷史時(shí)期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處與living是并列成分，共同做imagine的賓補(bǔ)，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：農(nóng)業(yè)讓人們第一次體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)改變生活的力量。分析句子，簡(jiǎn)單句中已有動(dòng)詞gave故提示詞部分需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句意，此處需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：后來，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，make所處的分句中無主語，故此處需用非謂語動(dòng)詞。make use of和邏輯主語they之間表示“主動(dòng)”關(guān)系。所以此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式（doing）形式做狀語。故填making。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:技術(shù)創(chuàng)新與良好的市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷相結(jié)合，將促進(jìn)這些產(chǎn)品的銷售。此處是短語:be combined with“與……結(jié)合/聯(lián)合”，本句中省略be動(dòng)詞，使用過去分詞做狀語。故選A。該句為 “be + 形容詞 + 不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)，主語 methods 與謂語動(dòng)詞 perform 為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但需用不定式的主動(dòng)式作狀語。介詞后用 note 的動(dòng)詞 -ing 形式 noting 作賓語。名詞 call 與 say 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，it takes + 時(shí)間 + to do sth 中，it 作形式主語，動(dòng)詞不定式作真正的主語。主語 we 與 listen 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。1. to wear want 后通常接不定式 to do sth。根據(jù)句意 “要見到效果，你不必快跑或長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地跑”, to see 作目的狀語。介詞后用 die 的動(dòng)名詞形式 dying。根據(jù)語境 “改善水質(zhì)” 是 “政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種玉米而不種水稻”的目的，動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語。 when / while + 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語，相當(dāng)于when / while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。 avoid 后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。avoid doing sth 意為 “避免做某事”。 主語 he 與 challenge（對(duì)……挑戰(zhàn)）之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。allow sb to do sth是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為 “允許某人做某事”，因此應(yīng)填 to stay。remember doing sth 意為 “記得做過某事”。 根據(jù)語境“需要它們（脂肪和鹽）來處理食物” 和關(guān)鍵詞required 可知，此處應(yīng)填 to process。 “by+動(dòng)名詞”作方式狀語。此處意為 “吃大量的快餐，人們將攝入超過他們飲食所需的鹽和油脂”。63 (lay) the track 和上文的 digging up the road 及下文的 building a strong roof ... 是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，因此用 laying。spend+ 一段時(shí)間 + doing sth 是固定結(jié)構(gòu), 故填 resting。由語境“Pahlsson 摘掉戒指去做飯”可知，不定式短語作狀語，表目的。句子主語 ring 與 sweep 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系， 因此用過去分詞形式。被修飾的名詞和 permit 之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。include后面跟動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，故填 introducing。 be likely to do sth 是固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能做某事”，故填 to bring。根據(jù)句意可知，這里用不定式表目的，故填 to create。根據(jù)語境可知，use的邏輯主語是 people，兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語，故填 using。主語 a study 與 conduct 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。被修飾的名詞與 live 之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作后置定語。名詞 dwellings 與 build 之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過去分詞形式。介詞后用動(dòng)名詞形式，故填 using。該句為“be + adj + enough +to do sth” 結(jié)構(gòu), 故填 to cool。
