初中英語三大從句，即賓語從句、定語從句、狀語從句，占據(jù)了中考英語不少分值。
今天，我們將這三種從句整理在一起，重點(diǎn)和大家說說它們的特點(diǎn)和使用方法，同學(xué)們要仔細(xì)看哦！
文章很長，記得保存鏈接，以便及時(shí)復(fù)習(xí)！
賓語從句
在句子中起賓語作用的從句叫做賓語從句。
一、連接詞
1、that:I think that you can pass the exam.我認(rèn)為你可以通過考試。
2、whether/if: I don’t know whether/if he is coming or not.我不知道他是否來了。
3、“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.我不知道這個(gè)詞什么意思。
I don’t know where he found the book.我不知道他哪里找到這本書的。
只能用whether的情況
1與or not連用I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.
我不知道是否會(huì)下雨。
2與動(dòng)詞不定式連用He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.
他不知道是否要將誒受邀請(qǐng)。
3連接詞前有介詞It depends on whether he is coming.
這取決于他是否過來。
二、時(shí)態(tài)
1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定(各種時(shí)態(tài)均可)。
eg:She wants to know what he has done for the exam.她想知道，他為考試做了什么。
2、主句是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時(shí)態(tài)。
eg:She said that she was a student.她說她以前是學(xué)生。
She said that she had finished her homework already.她說她已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)。
3、如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實(shí)時(shí)，這時(shí)賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
eg:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。
定語從句
在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。
一、先行詞
先行詞指人：who /that
先行詞指物：which/ that
定語從句一般緊跟被修飾的名詞或代詞（即先行詞）后
二、關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在句子中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，所以從句中不可再出現(xiàn)其他代替先行詞的代詞。
三、翻譯方法 “…. 的”
1、Whom: 先行詞指人，則代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語（包括介詞的賓語）, 與who的區(qū)別是如果前面帶介詞則必須用whom。
eg:This is the teacher whom\who we like best.這位就是我們最喜歡的老師。
I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.我不喜歡和你說話的男生。
2、Whose : 指人或物，作定語，表示 “…的”
eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.Harry的媽媽是我們的數(shù)學(xué)老師。
關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況
1先行詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)This is the first gift that my parents bought me.
這是我父母給我買的第一份禮物。
2先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.
這是我看過最激動(dòng)人心的電影。
3先行詞是不定代詞Is there anything that you want in this shop?
這家店里有你想要的東西嗎？
4先行詞是人和物時(shí)He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.
他和我們說了一些我們不知道的作家和書籍。
5先行詞被all , little , the only , the very(就是，正是), the last 等詞修飾時(shí)This is the last place that I want to visit.
這是我最后一個(gè)想?yún)⒂^的景點(diǎn)。
6特殊疑問句以who 或which 開頭Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?
在講臺(tái)發(fā)表演講的女孩是誰？
當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時(shí)：
1物+介詞+whichThis is the train by which we went to Beijing.
這是我們?nèi)ケ本┑幕疖嚒?div style="height:15px;">
2人+ 介詞 + whomThis is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.
這就是和我媽媽交談的那位老師。
關(guān)系副詞的用法：
1when指時(shí)間，其先行詞表示時(shí)間，when在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語This was the time when he arrived.
這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。
2where指地點(diǎn)，其先行詞表示地點(diǎn)，where在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語This is the place where he works.
這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。
3why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，why在定語從句中做原因狀語Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到。
狀語從句
在復(fù)合句中由從句表示的狀語稱作狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動(dòng)詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個(gè)句子，共分為8種。
1、時(shí)間狀語從句
1when當(dāng)…時(shí)候
通常指某一特定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生
When I opened the window, I saw him come up.
當(dāng)我打開窗戶時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)他走到眼前了。
2when正在…的時(shí)候，突然…
通常主句是進(jìn)行時(shí)或be about to 時(shí)，在翻譯的時(shí)候，when 可以譯成沒想到或突然
I was walking along the street , when I met him.
我遇到他時(shí)，正走在路上。
3when當(dāng)從句是進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句是一般時(shí)，往往表示不滿
Someone knocked at the door when I was having breakfast.
我吃早飯的時(shí)候突然有人敲門。
4when=after
When the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.
孩子們上床休息后，她開始準(zhǔn)備自己的課程。
5while在…期間，往往指一段時(shí)間
While we were inAmerica, we saw him twice.
我們?cè)诿绹臅r(shí)候，看到過他兩次。
6while表示一種不滿情緒，意思是這邊在干某種重要的事，而另一邊在享受等
We are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.
我們?cè)诖驋呓淌倚l(wèi)生的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谕饷嫣咦闱颉?div style="height:15px;">
She was doing her homework as she was listening to the music.
As I was going out, it began to rain.
I gave her the moment I saw her.
He didn’t leave the office until he finished the work.
11before，在…之前The passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.乘客應(yīng)該在航班起飛前1小時(shí)到達(dá)機(jī)場。
The customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.
I have never been there again since I graduated from the university.
Jack went to school as soon as he got well.
Once you see him, you will never forget him.
If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the plane.
2unless…如果不, 除非=if notWe can’t get there on time unless we book the earliest flight.
3as long as…只要We will succeed as long as we keep on trying.
4as (so) far as…據(jù)…所知As far as I know, he speaks English very well.
5in case…假使, 如果The plane cannot take off in case it rains.
有時(shí)省略 thatThe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of carefully.
7on condition that條件是…He said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.
注:主從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來時(shí)，則主句用將來時(shí), 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。If he arrives tomorrow, I will be waiting for him at the airport.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Wherever you are, I will be right there waiting for you.
