現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的“延續(xù)性”問(wèn)題
英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞表示的是一種短暫的動(dòng)作，沒(méi)有持續(xù)性，即“一發(fā)生就結(jié)束”的動(dòng)作，這類動(dòng)詞一般稱為“非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞”(亦叫點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞或終止性動(dòng)詞)，在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，不能同表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)或How long連用。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, lose, join, borrow, die, begin. 這些動(dòng)詞如果要跟一段時(shí)間連用，必須改成相應(yīng)的具有延續(xù)性的詞。主要一些動(dòng)詞變化形式如下：(課本P32)
非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)形式
buy
have
He has had this motorcycle for two years.
borrow
keep
She has kept this book for three weeks.
leave
be away
They have been away from home for two days.
arrive/reach/
get/move
be in/at
Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month.
come/go
be in/at
My mum has been in Beijing for two months.
begin/start
be on
The film has been on for an hour.
stop/finish/end
be over
The meeting has been over for two hours.
die
be dead
The lamb has been dead for some time.
join
be in/be a member of
Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year.
become
be
How long has your sister been a teacher?
open
be open
The shop has been open for ten hours.
close
be closed
The market has been closed since 2010.
get married
be married
They have been married for fifteen years.
get up
be up
They have been up for two hours.
come back
be back
The lost cat has been back since last night.
fall asleep
be asleep
The dog has been asleep for several hours.
go out
be out
The old man has been out since last Friday.
catch a cold
have a cold
How long have you had a cold?
使用注意事項(xiàng)：
a) 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；
The train has arrived.火車到了。
The train has been here for two hours. 火車到這里已經(jīng)兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
The boy has left. 那個(gè)男孩走了。
The boy has been away for two days. 那個(gè)男孩離開已經(jīng)兩天了。
b) 表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般為：
①How long…?
②for +一段時(shí)間；
③since+一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
c) 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與一段時(shí)間連用。
He hasn’t left home for a month.
I haven’t seen you for a long time.
A. 用所給的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改寫句子：
1. He left Nanjing three days ago. (for three days)
________________________________________
2. The poor man has died. (for many years)
________________________________________
3. We have bought this house. (for a long time)
________________________________________
4. The Greens have come to China. (since 1998)
________________________________________
5. Sally borrowed this book from the school library two weeks ago. (for two weeks)
________________________________________
B. 翻譯句子：
1. 這臺(tái)電腦我已經(jīng)買了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。
2. 這本雜志他已經(jīng)借了幾乎一個(gè)星期了。
3. 自上個(gè)周五以來(lái)這些游客一直呆在南京。
4. 那位老人去世已經(jīng)有相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間了。
5. 電影開始多久了？
6. Kitty離開已經(jīng)兩天了嗎？
7. Sandy加入這個(gè)俱樂(lè)部已經(jīng)三年了。
8. 這封信我收到已經(jīng)半個(gè)月了。
江蘇13城市中考試題匯編：
單項(xiàng)選擇：
( ) 1. ----Did you borrow the comic book from the library? (2010南通)
----Yes. I ________ it for three days. I’ll return it this afternoon.
A. borrowed B. kept C. have borrowed D. have kept
( ) 2. Look, Peter is still reading in the library. He _______ here for two hours. (09南通)
A. has come B. has been C. was D. came
( ) 3. ----So far, how long ______ you _______ the city? (09泰州)
----For two years.
A. have; been in B. did; come to C. have; gone to D. will; go to
( ) 4. The teachers _______ the office for a few minutes when we arrived. We didn’t meet them.
(09常州)
A. had been away from B. had left
C. have been away from D. have left
( ) 5. ----______ did the important meeting_______? （08宿遷）
---- For about two hours.
A. When; begin B. How long; begin
C. When; last D. How long; last
( ) 6. ----How long have Mr and Mrs Smith________? (08無(wú)錫)
----For more than twenty years.
A. married B. had married C. got married D. been married
( ) 7. ----_______ did your uncle leave his hometown? (08揚(yáng)州)
----He ________ for nearly twenty years.
A. When; has left B. When; has been away
C. How long; has left D. How long; has been away
( ) 8. ----Betty, did your son get married in the year 2000? (08鎮(zhèn)江)
----Yes, he ________ for about eight years.
A. has married B. has been married C. has got married D. was married
翻譯句子：
1. 你能告訴我這本書你借了多久了嗎？（08常州）
Could you tell me _____________?
2. 這條連衣裙她已經(jīng)買了兩周了。（09連云港）
She _____________________________.
3. 這本書孩子們已經(jīng)借了一個(gè)月了。(2010淮安)
The children ____________________________.
Keys:
A. 用所給的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)改寫句子：
1. He has been away from Nanjing for three days.
2. The poor man has been dead for many years.
3. We have had this house for a long time.
4. The Greens have been in China since 1998.
5. Sally has kept this book from the school library for two weeks.
B. 翻譯句子：
1. I have had this computer for a long time.
2. He has kept this magazine for nearly a week.
3. These tourists have been in Nanjing since last Friday.
4. The man has been dead for quite some time.
5. How long has the film been on?
6. Has Kitty been away for two days?
7. Sandy has been in the club for three years./Sandy has been a member of the club for three years.
8. I have had this letter for half a month.
