口腔健康：全身健康的一扇窗
Your oral health is more important than you may realize. Get the facts about how the health of your mouth, teeth and gums may affect your general health.
口腔健康也許比你意識到的更為重要，來了解一下口腔、牙齒和牙齦狀況會如何影響全身健康吧。
By Mayo Clinic staff
Did you know that your oral health can offer clues about your overall health? Or that problems in your mouth can affect the rest of your body? Understand the intimate connection between oral health and overall health and what you can do to protect yourself.
你知道嗎？口腔健康狀況能夠為全身健康狀況提供線索，而口腔問題能夠給身體其他部位帶來影響。來了解一下口腔健康和全身健康之間的密切關(guān)聯(lián)，學(xué)習(xí)如何保護好自己吧。
What's the connection between oral health and overall health?
口腔健康和全身健康有何關(guān)聯(lián)？
Your mouth is teeming with bacteria — most of them harmless. Normally the body's natural defenses and good oral health care, such as daily brushing and flossing, can keep these bacteria under control. However, harmful bacteria can sometimes grow out of control and cause oral infections, such as tooth decay and gum disease. In addition, dental procedures, medications, or treatments that reduce saliva flow, disrupt the normal balance of bacteria in your mouth or breach the mouth's normal protective barriers may make it easier for bacteria to enter your bloodstream.
口腔里有許多細菌——大部分是無害的。正常情況下，身體固有的防御機制和良好的口腔衛(wèi)生保健，例如日常刷牙和使用牙線，能夠控制細菌生長。不過，有害菌群有時會不受控制，大量繁殖而導(dǎo)致口腔感染性疾病，諸如齲病和牙周疾病。此外，牙科手術(shù)、用藥或者唾液流速降低會打破口腔菌群的正常平衡，或者破壞口腔正常的保護屏障，進而可能使細菌更容易進入血流。
What conditions may be linked to oral health?
什么疾病狀況可能與口腔健康狀況相關(guān)？
Your oral health may affect, be affected by or contribute to various diseases and conditions, including:
口腔問題可能影響或引發(fā)各種疾病或身體不良狀況，反過來，疾病和其他身體狀況也會影響口腔健康，包括：
Endocarditis. Gum disease and dental procedures that cut your gums may allow bacteria to enter your bloodstream. If you have a weak immune system or a damaged heart valve, this can cause infection in other parts of the body — such as an infection of the inner lining of the heart (endocarditis).
心內(nèi)膜炎。牙周疾病和包含牙齦切開的牙科治療可能使細菌進入血流。如果你免疫力低下或者心臟瓣膜受損，那么進入血流的細菌能夠感染身體的其他部位——例如引起心臟內(nèi)膜的感染（心內(nèi)膜炎）。
Cardiovascular disease. Some research suggests that heart disease, clogged arteries and stroke may be linked to oral bacteria, possibly due to chronic inflammation from periodontitis — a severe form of gum disease.
心血管疾病。一些研究表明心臟病、動脈血栓和中風(fēng)可能與口腔細菌相關(guān)，可能是由于牙周炎引起了慢性炎癥——牙周炎是一種十分嚴重的牙周疾病。
Pregnancy and birth. Gum disease has been linked to premature birth and low birth weight.
妊娠和分娩。牙周疾病與早產(chǎn)和低出生體重相關(guān)。
Diabetes. Diabetes reduces the body's resistance to infection — putting the gums at risk. In addition, people who have inadequate blood sugar control may develop more-frequent and severe infections of the gums and the bone that holds teeth in place, and they may lose more teeth than do people who have good blood sugar control.
糖尿病。糖尿病降低了身體對感染的抵抗力——增加牙齦受感染的風(fēng)險。血糖控制不好的人牙齦和牙槽骨可能受感染的次數(shù)更頻繁，情況也更嚴重，而且失牙數(shù)量也可能比血糖控制良好者更多。
HIV/AIDS. Oral problems, such as painful mucosal lesions, are common in people who have HIV/AIDS.
獲得性免疫缺陷綜合征/艾滋病。口腔問題，例如疼痛性粘膜病損，在艾滋病患者中很常見。
Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis — which causes bones to become weak and brittle — may be associated with periodontal bone loss and tooth loss.
骨質(zhì)疏松癥。骨質(zhì)疏松癥——能使骨頭變得脆弱易折——可能與牙周骨喪失和失牙有關(guān)。（譯者：是指骨質(zhì)疏松癥患者發(fā)生牙周病時牙周骨喪失更為嚴重，也更易失牙。）
Alzheimer's disease. Tooth loss before age 35 may be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease.
老年癡呆癥。35歲之前失牙可能是誘發(fā)老年癡呆癥的危險因子。
Other conditions. Other conditions that may be linked to oral health include Sjogren's syndrome — an immune system disorder — and eating disorders.
其他。其他疾病狀況也可能與口腔健康相關(guān)，包括舍格倫綜合征（一種自身免疫性疾?。┻€包括飲食紊亂癥。
Be sure to tell your dentist if you're taking any medications or have had any changes in your overall health — especially if you've had any recent illnesses or you have a chronic condition.
如果你正在服用藥物或者全身健康狀況發(fā)生了改變——特別是最近的患病情況，或者慢性疾病狀況，一定要把這些情況告知你的牙醫(yī)。
How can I protect my oral health?
如何保持口腔健康？
To protect your oral health, resolve to practice good oral hygiene every day. For example:
想保持口腔健康，就要堅持良好的日?？谇蛔o理，例如：
Brush your teeth at least twice a day.
每天至少刷牙兩次。
Replace your toothbrush every three to four months.
三到四個月?lián)Q一次牙刷。
Floss daily.
每天使用牙線。
Eat a healthy diet and limit between-meal snacks.
保持健康飲食，限制餐間零食。
Schedule regular dental checkups.
定期安排牙科檢查。
Also, watch for signs and symptoms of oral disease and contact your dentist as soon as a problem arises. Remember, taking care of your oral health is an investment in your overall health.
同時，要警惕口腔疾病的癥狀和體征，出現(xiàn)問題及時聯(lián)系牙醫(yī)。記住，關(guān)注口腔健康是對全身健康的投資。
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