I.情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法 “情態(tài)動詞＋have done”是歷年高考的熱點，但有些同學對這一結構不甚了解。為了便于同學們學習，現(xiàn)將這種結構的兩種主要用法借表歸納如下。 一、表示對過去情況的推測或估計 所用的句式意義 must have done 肯定句一定（已經）…… may ／might have done 肯定句可能／大概（已經）……否定句可能還沒有…… can ／could have done 否定句不可能（已經）……疑問句可能／也許（已經）……了嗎？ 說明：1might ／could有時并不是may ／ can的過去式，而是表示一種委婉的語氣或更小的可能性。2might have done有時可用于疑問句中，此時might就相當于can ／could。 二、表示對過去所發(fā)生的事情的遺憾或責備 所用的句式意義 should ／ought to have done 肯定句，否定句，疑問句本來（不）應該……的 might／could have done 肯定句本來能夠／可以……的 need have done 否定句本不必要……的 had better have done 肯定句，否定句，疑問句要是（沒有）干了……就好了 would rather have done 同上本來想做……（卻未做） 說明：1．might have done有時可表示對過去發(fā)生事情的慶幸，意為“差點兒……”。如： Didn't you see that car nearly hit me？I might have been killed． 你難道沒看見那輛小車差點兒撞上了我嗎？我差點就沒命了。 2要注意needn't have done與didn't need to do的差別。 He needn't have come．他本沒有必要來。（實際卻來了） He didn't need to come．他沒有必要來。（實際也沒來） 同學們在做有關“情態(tài)動詞＋have done”練習時，在掌握這一結構的兩種基本用法的同時，還要仔細體會題干所提供的語言信息，準確理解語言環(huán)境和說話人的含意，尤其要注意題干中時態(tài)給予的暗示。 鞏固練習：（練習題均為高考題） 1．—I stayed at a hotel while in New York．—Oh，did you？You ____ with Barbara． A．could have stayed B．could stayC．would stay D．must have stayed 2．I didn't see her in the meeting room this morning．She ____at the meeting． A．mustn't have spoken B．shouldn't have spoken C．needn't have spoken D．couldn't have spoken 3．He ____you more help，even though he was busy． A．might have given B．might giveC．may have givenD．may give 4．—I saw our teacher in the office just now．—You ____her，she is still abroad． A．can't have seen B．mustn't have seenC．needn't have seen D．shouldn't have seen 5．Kate is already two hours late．What ____ to her？ A．can have happened B．may have happenedC．should have happened D．must have happened 6．We ____last night，but we went to the concert instead． A．must have studied B．might studyC．should have studied D．would study 7．There was plenty of time．She ____ ． A．mustn't have hurriedB．couldn't have hurriedC．mustn't hurryD．needn't have hurried8．Yesterday，Jane walked away from the discussion．Otherwise，she ____something she would regret later． A．had saidB．said C．might sayD．might have said 9．—Did you scold him for his mistake？—Yes，but ____it． A．I'd rather not do B．I'd better not do C．I'd better not have done D．I'd rather have not done 10．Sorry，I'm late．I ____have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again． A．mightB．should C．canD．will II. 情態(tài)動詞難點透視 英語中的情態(tài)動詞雖然為數(shù)不多，但是要掌握好它們的用法并不容易。本文結合同學們在使用情態(tài)動詞時不易掌握的難點談幾點看法。 1.can表示可能性時，指的是理論上的可能，它通常不用來表示某事實際發(fā)生的可能性或真實性。如： Accidents can happen．Anybody can make mistakes． 如果我們要表達某事發(fā)生的實際可能性，要用may,could或might等。 We may spend our summer holidays in Hangzhou this year． Will you answer the telephone﹖ It could／may／might be your mother． 2.could用來征求意見時，語氣要比can委婉，但在回答問題時我們不能用could,因為語氣委婉，可能性就變小了。如： —Could I use your telephone﹖—Yes, please go ahead． 3.在過去時態(tài)的肯定句中需要某種條件或努力做成某事，我們要用was／were able to而不能用could。如： It was a holiday and the children were able to go to the seaside． The girl worked hardso she was able to pass the final test． 4．must與have to都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點區(qū)別。 1) must只有現(xiàn)在時，而have to有現(xiàn)在時、過去時和將來時。如： We must work hard, or we’ll fail in the examination． Two years ago, the poor girl had to leave school for lack of money． 2) must表示主觀看法，have to則側重于客觀需要。如： We must be strict with ourselves in everything． In cities with many cars, some people have to wear masks． 5．must表示推測時，其反意問句有好幾種形式。 1) “must＋動詞原形”對目前的情況進行推測時以及用must＋be＋-ing形式對目前正在發(fā)生的情況進行推測時，疑問短語部分要與must之后的動詞相一致。如： The mathematics teacher must be in the office now, isn’t he﹖ 2) “must＋have＋過去分詞”用來表示對已經發(fā)生的事情進行推論。如果句子中有過去的時間狀語，疑問部分用助動詞didn’t否則，疑問部分用haven’t或hasn’t。如： The children must have watered the tomatoes yesterday, didn’t they﹖ The minister must have arrived in Shanghai, hasn’t he﹖ 6．shall可以用來征求對方意見。用于第一、三人稱。此外它也可以用來表示說話人的命令、警告、允諾、威脅或決心等，這時它用于第二、三人稱。如： Shall she go to the concert with us this evening﹖ (征求意見) You shall go to the front at once．(命令) Don’t worry．You shall get the answer this very afternoon． （允諾）He shall be sorry one day．I tell you．(警告) Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution．(決心) 7．在表示將來的時間、條件狀語從句中，不能用will（這時的will不是情態(tài)動詞，而是助動詞，幫助構成將來時）。如： If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(誤) If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village．(正) 當情態(tài)動詞will表示意愿或決心時，是可以用于條件狀語從句的。如： If you will listen to me, I’ll give you some advice on how to learn English． 如果你愿意聽我的話，我將給你提點學習英語的建議。 If you will come this way，the manager will meet you． 請您往這邊走，經理現(xiàn)在要見你。 8．should除表示必要或義務外，還可表示推測或可能。如： The American friends should be here now． “should／ought to＋have＋過去分詞”既可表示本該做而事實上沒有做的事，也可以表示驚訝、贊嘆等情緒。如： You should have told her about it the day before yesterday． It’s wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years． “情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”是很重要的一種句型，除should外，may, might, must, couldn’t, needn’t, ought to等都可以用于這一句型，但要注意使用不同的情態(tài)動詞句子的意思就有所不同。 9．ought to與should意思接近，大多數(shù)情況下二者可以互換，但是should談的是自己的主觀看法，ought to則更多反映客觀情況，在談到法律、義務和規(guī)定時使用。如： We should／ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work． She is your mother, so you ought to support her． We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I don’t think we will． 10．need，用作情態(tài)動詞，僅用于否定句和疑問句，而不用于肯定句。在肯定句中要用must, have to, should, ought to或將need當作行為動詞使用。如： We need report the matter to the boss immediately．(誤) We must report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） We need to report the matter to the boss immediately．（正） Dare的用法也一樣。 dare 與need 的用法 1).dare作為情態(tài)動詞,主要用于疑問句,否定句和條件從句中,一般不用于肯定句. a. How dare you say I’m unfair ? b. He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare she ? c. If he dare break the rule , he will be punished . 2).need表示”需要”或”必須”,作情態(tài)動詞用時,僅用于否定句或疑問句. 條件從句中。“有…必要”。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should代替. a. You needn’t come so early. b. --Need I finish the work today ?---Yes, you must./ No , you needn’t . c. If you need go there , please let me know . 3).dare和need常用作實義動詞,有時態(tài),人稱和數(shù)的變化。所不同的是,在肯定句中,dare 后面通常接帶to的不定式; 在否定和疑問句中, dare后可接帶to或不帶to的不定式. a .I dare to swim across the river b .He doesn’t dare (to) answer. C .We need time and money. d .The dining room needs / wants / requires cleaning every day . = The dining room needs / wants / requires to be cleaned every day . e. Does he need to take the medicine four times a day ?
III.情態(tài)動詞的測試熱點 本階段出現(xiàn)了不少“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”的句型。在此之前，同學們也學到了許多有關情態(tài)動詞的用法。筆者在文中對歷年來的高考試題進行了分析，指出了歷年來高考試題對情態(tài)動詞的測試熱點，談到了使用情態(tài)動詞時應注意的相關知識，供同學們參考，以期提高同學們運用所學知識的能力。 熱點一：情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法 情態(tài)動詞must，can，could，may，might都可用來表示推測。其中，must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為“一定”。注意，其否定式mustn’t表示“想必不”；表示“不可能”要用can’t或couldn’t。 may 和 might表示可能性時，主要用于肯定句中，might相對于may 來說，表示的可能性更小一些。 can和could主要用于否定句和疑問句中。 需要注意的幾點: 1.表示猜測，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經驗之談”。我們在SEFC Book 2， Lesson 30中學過這樣兩個表示“經驗之談”的句子：Children can often get ill suddenly．（小孩常?？赡芡蝗簧?/span>）Certain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have young children．（家里的某些東西可能有危險，尤其是有小孩的時候。）上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務工作者或撫養(yǎng)過孩子的人說的話，屬“經驗之談”。 2．may和might都不用于疑問句中。如：（正）Can ／Could it be cloudy tomorrow ？（誤）May ／Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？ 3．must的否定式是can't ／couldn't，不是 needn't或m ustn't。 4．would ＋V原形：想必現(xiàn)在／過去……；現(xiàn)在／過去可能……He would be back today ／yesterday．想必他今天／昨天回來了。（他今天／昨天可能回來了。） 5．should ／ought to ＋V原形：想必現(xiàn)在／將來會……The dinner should ／ought to be ready now．想必晚飯現(xiàn)在已備好。He should ／ought to ring up this afternoon．想必他今天下午會打電話的。 6．will ＋V原形：將來一定／準會…… Try your best，and your wish will come true．盡力吧，你的理想準會實現(xiàn)的。 在近年來的高考試題中，測試may和might表示可能性的頻率較高，是一個熱點項目。 如： Peter ＿＿＿＿ come with us tonight，but he isn’t very sure yet．(NMET’93) A． mustB． may C． canD． will 簡析：本題選B。本題的后半句暗示了選擇答案的條件。 Michael ＿＿＿＿ be a policeman for he’s much too short． (上海’94) A． needn’tB． can’tC． should D． may 簡析：本題選B。本題的后半句給出了理由。 -Are you coming to Jeff’s party﹖ -I’m not sure． I ＿＿＿＿ go to the concert instead．(NMET2000) A． mustB． would C． shouldD． might 簡析：本題答語部分中的“I’m not sure”暗示了說話者的語氣不肯定。因而，本題應選D。 Johnny, you ＿＿play with the knif，you ＿＿＿＿ hurt yourself．(NMET’96) A． won’t；can’tB． mustn’t；mayC． shouldn’t；must D． can’t；shouldn’t 簡析：本題應選B。第一空用mustn’t表示禁止，第二空用may表示可能。
情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的答題方法及考例精析 解答情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的試題時，一要清楚被猜測的時間，二要清楚有無客觀事實根據。若有客觀事實根據，則無論是肯定還是否定的猜測，猜測語氣最強且符合時間要求的為最佳答案；情態(tài)動詞表示猜測時語氣從強到弱的順序是：must，will，would，ought to，should，can，may，could，might。若無客觀事實根據，純憑主觀臆斷，則猜測語氣最弱且符合時間要求的為最佳答案。如： 1．I thought you __________ like something to read，so I have brought you some books．（MET 1986）A．may B．mightC．could D．must 由題意可知被猜測的時間是（過去）將來，沒有客觀事實根據，猜測語氣要求最弱，所以正確選項是B。 2．Peter __________ come with us tonight，but he isn't sure yet．（MET 1993） A．mustB．may C．can D．will 由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來，沒有客觀事實根據，猜測語氣要求最弱，所以正確選項是B。 3．It __________ last night，for the ground was wet this morning． A．must have rainedB．may have rainedC．must rainD．might rain 由題意可知被猜測的時間是過去，有客觀事實根據the ground was wet，猜測語氣要求最強，所以正確選項是A。 4．Mary __________ be in Paris，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago．（MET 1994）A．mustn'tB．can'tC．shouldn'tD．may not 由題意可知被猜測的時間是現(xiàn)在，有客觀事實根據I saw her in the town a few minutes ago，猜測語氣要求最強，所以正確選項是B（can't是m ust的否定式）。 5.—There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well． —It __________ a comfortable journey．（NMET 1995） A．can't be B．shouldn't be C．mustn't have been D．couldn't have been 由題意可知被猜測的時間是過去，有客觀事實根據there were already five people．．．take me as well，猜測語氣要求最強，所以正確選項是D。 6．-When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon． —They __________ be ready by 12：00．（NMET 1998） A．can B．should C．might D．need 由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來，有客觀事實根據need them tomorrow afternoon，猜測語氣要求最強，所以正確選項是B。 7．-Are you coming to Jeff's Party？ —I'm not sure．I __________ go to the concert instead．（NMET 2000） A．mustB．would C．might D．should 由題意可知被猜測的時間是將來，沒有客觀事實根據，猜測語氣要求最弱，所以正確選項是C. 熱點二：情態(tài)動詞表示能力的用法 情態(tài)動詞表示能力時，一般用can／could或be able to 。be able to用于表示能力并且可用于各種時態(tài)，而can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。此外，當表示過去成功地做成了某事時，只能用was ／ were able to。如： A computer ＿＿＿＿＿ think for itself， it must be told what to do．(MET’91) A． can’t B． couldn’tC． may notD． might not 簡析：這里說明電腦不具備獨立思考的能力 故本題選A。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿＿get out．(NMET’97) A． had to B． would C． couldD． was able to 簡析：本題題意為“大火很快蔓延了整個旅館，但全體人員都脫離了危險。”，故本題選D。 熱點三：表示“許可”、“允許”的情態(tài)動詞 can／could may／might都可用來表示請求允許或許可。過去式could和might常用于疑問句中，表示禮貌。回答時，常用原形can或者may，不可再用過去式could或might。如： -Could I borrow your dictionary﹖(MET’92) -Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿． A． might B． willC． canD． should 簡析：本題的前一句用could提問，表示委婉的請求?；卮饡r，應用原形can。故本題選C。 熱點四：shall／should的用法 shall用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見，常譯為“要某人做某事嗎﹖”。shall也可用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中，表示說話人的意愿，有命令、警告、決心、強制、許諾或威脅之意。研讀歷屆高考題不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，should的考點主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： 1）表示責任和義務，意為“應該”；2）表示可能性推測，意為“很可能、該”；3）用于虛擬語氣中。 4)．should（not）have done結構的用法?，F(xiàn)結合歷屆高考題對其用法作一歸納。 一、“should（ought to）have done”結構意為“本來應該……”，表示過去應該做或值得做的事情而沒有做到，含有后悔、埋怨、責備等意味。該結構的否定式“shouldn't（ought not to）have done”則表示過去做了不應該做的事，意為“本來不應該……卻……”。例如： 1.Jerry __________ have kept her word，I wonder why she changed her mind．（MET91）A．must B．shouldC．needD．would 2.We __________ last night，but we went to the concert instead．（MET92） A．must have studiedB．might studyC．should have studiedD．would study 3.I told Sally how to get there，but perpaps I __________ for her．（NMET94） A．had to write it outB．must have written it out C．should have written it outD．ought to write it out 4.Tom ought not to __________ me your secret，but he meant no harm．（MET93） A．have told B．tellC．be tellingD．having told 5.There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party．You ______ come，but why didn't you？（99上海）A．mustB．shouldC．need have D．ought to have 6.I was really anxious about you．You __________ home without a word．（NMET2001） A．mustn't leaveB．shouldn't have leftC．couldn't have leftD．needn't have left 7.Oh，I'm not feeling well in the stomach．I _______so much fried chicken just now．（2002上海春季高考） A．shouldn't eatB．mustn't have eatenC．shouldn't have eatenD．mustn't eat 二、“should have done”結構還可以表示動作已經完成，但含有感情色彩，表示驚訝、驚奇等意味。意為“竟，竟然，居然”。例如：I'm sorry that this should have happened．很遺憾，竟然發(fā)生了這種事情。 It is wonderful that you should have achieved so much in these years．這幾年你竟然取得如此大的成就，真是了不起！ 三、should也可以用來表示“推測”，意為“可能；該”。相當于be expected to。往往指具有一定的客觀根據或根據推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的“可能性”進行描述，語氣上不如must強。若對現(xiàn)在正在進行的事情的推測，則用should be doing結構。例如： 8．—Will Mr Wang offer us a hand？ —He__________ be glad to．He never refused our request．（92上海） A．canB．must C．may D．should 9．—When can I come for the photos？I need them tomorrow afternoon． —They __________ be ready by 12：00．（NMET98） A．canB．shouldC．mightD．need 10．It's nearly seven o'clock．Jack __________ be here at any moment．（NMET95） A．mustB．needC．should D．can I don't think he should be sleeping now，is he？我認為他現(xiàn)在不可能正在睡覺，是嗎？ 四、“should like／love to do sth．”結構意為“愿意／想做某事”。“should like／love to have done”結構則意為“本來想干某事，而當時卻沒干”。例如： 11．Little Jim should love __________ to the theatre this evening．（MET92） A．to be taken B．to takeC．being taken D．taking 12．I should love __________ to Professor Smith，but I didn't get any more chance．（96上海） A．to be introducedB．to have been introducedC．to have introducedD．introducing He should like to have attended the evening party，but he was too busy． 他本想參加這次晚會，可是當時他太忙了。 五、should在虛擬語氣中的運用 1、在if引導的條件狀語從句中，若表示與將來事實相反的假設，條件句的謂語動詞可以用“should ＋動詞原形”；若if省略， should應提到句首，構成部分倒裝。例如： If it should snow tom orrow ，the m eet- ing would be put off． 如果明天下雪的話，運動會就會推遲。 13．_____it rain tomorrow，we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge．（94上海）A．WereB．ShouldC．Would D．Will 2、動詞arrange（安排，籌劃），command（命令，要求），demand（要求，需要），desire（要求，渴望），insist（堅決主張），order，propose（主張，提議），request，require，suggest（建議）等后跟賓語從句時，謂語動詞應用“（should）＋動詞原形”。例如： 14．The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the role．（MET85） A．obeyingB．obeyC．will obeyD．would obey 15.Jane's face suggested that she __________ ill，and her parents suggested that she______ a medical examination．（95上海） A．be；should haveB．was；haveC．should be；hadD．was；has The doctor ordered that she（should） stay in bed for another week． 醫(yī)生囑咐她應該躺在床上再呆一周。 He proposed that we（should）go there by plane．他主張我們應該乘飛機去那里。 3、名詞advice，idea，order，demand， plan，proposal（主張），suggestion，request等后跟表語從句或同位語從句時，其謂語動詞用“（should）＋動詞原形”。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that we（should）go to Hangzhou for sightseeing． 我們都同意他的建議我們應該到杭州去觀光旅游。 My advice is that we（should）do more eye exercises every day． 我的建議是我們每天應該多做眼保健操。 4、在主語從句的下列三種句型中，主句的謂語動詞應用“（should）＋動詞原形”。 （1）It is necessary（important，impossible，strange，natural．．．）that．．． （2）It is a pity（a shame．．．）that．．． （3）It is suggested（requested，ordered，desired．．．）that．．．例如： It is necessary that we should send for a doctor．我們很有必要派人請個醫(yī)生來。 It is requested that Miss Gao（should） give a perform ance at the m eeting． 人們要求高小姐應該在大會上進行一場演出。 It is a pity that he（should）be so careless．他竟如此粗心真是令人遺憾。 六、should可以用來表示驚奇、惶惑、不滿、惋惜、憂慮等情緒。例如： 16.You can't imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ________be so rude to a lady．（2001上海）A．might B．need C．should D．would Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible．他從來沒有料到情況竟如此可怕。 七、should可以表示謙遜、委婉之意，意為“可……；倒……”。例如： Should you like to drink some beer？你是否喜歡喝點啤酒？ He should expect their team to win the match．他倒是希望他們隊能贏得這場比賽。 八、should可以用于較強語氣的假設情形中，表示“竟然；萬一”之意。例如： If he should fail to come，ask John to go there in his place．萬一他不能來就叫約翰代替他去。 Should it blow hard，we would not go out for a picnic．萬一明天刮大風，我們就無法去野餐了。 九、should用于目的狀語從句或in case引導的條件狀語從句中時，相當于might，含有“會；可以”之意。例如：They got up early so that they should catch up the first flight in time． 他們很早起床以便能及時趕上首班飛機。 He took him along with an umbrella in case it should rain． 他隨身帶了一把雨傘，以防天可能下雨。 又如： -The room is so dirty．＿＿＿＿＿we clean it﹖ -Of course．(北京2003) A． Will B． ShallC． WouldD． Do 簡析：問句表示征求對方的意見，故本題選B。 It’s nearly seven o’clock． Jack＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET’95) A． mustB． need C． shouldD． can 簡析：本題應選C。should在本題中表示推測，意為“很可能”。又如： -When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon． -They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 1200．(NMET’98) A． canB． should C． mightD． need 簡析：本題應選B。should在本題中表示應該。 熱點五：“情態(tài)動詞＋have＋過去分詞”常見句型及用法 句型1：should (ought to) have＋過去分詞 表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情。含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意為“本應該……”。其否定形式為“should not／ought not to have ＋過去分詞”。如： We ＿＿＿＿ last night，but we went to the concert instead．(MET’92) A． must have studied B． might study C． should have studied D． would study 簡析：本題中的一個關鍵詞but暗示了“我們不應去聽音樂會，而應學習”。故本題選C。 句型2：needn’t have＋過去分詞 表示過去沒有必要做某事, 但實際上做了某事。如： There was plenty of time． She ＿＿＿＿＿．(MET’87) A． mustn’t have hurriedB． couldn’t have hurried C． must not hurry D． needn’t have hurried 簡析：本題的前一句暗示了一個條件，后一句則是由這個條件得出的結論。故本題選D。 句型3：must have＋過去分詞 意為“過去一定做過某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測。注意，對過去發(fā)生情況的否定推測常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋過去分詞。如： I didn’t hear the phone． I ＿＿＿＿＿＿asleep．(MET’89) A． must be B． must have beenC． should beD． should have been 簡析：本題應選B。本題的前一句說明一個結果，后一句則表示一個原因。 I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning．She ＿＿＿ at the meeting．(上海’91) A． mustn’t have spoken B． shouldn’t have spoken C． needn’t have spokenD． couldn’t have spoken 簡析：從題意上分析，本題的前一句陳述一個理由，后一句則是由前一句得出的結論。故本題選D。 句型4：may／might have＋過去分詞 表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的（可能性）推測，意為“或許／可能做過某事”。另外，用于虛擬語氣時，通常用might。如： He ＿＿＿＿＿you more help even though he was very busy． (MET’90) A． might have given B． might give C． may have given D． may give 簡析：本題應選A。全句意為“即使再忙，他也可能再多給你一些幫助的”。 句型5：could have＋過去分詞 表示“（過去）本來可以（能夠）做某事，但實際上沒有做到”。如： -I stayed at a hotel while in New York． -Oh, did you﹖ You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．(NMET’98) A． could have stayedB． could stay C would stay D． must have stayed (Key: A)
情態(tài)動詞專練 從A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 1．Jenny＿＿＿＿have kept her word．I wonder why she changed her mind．(MET1992)A．must B．should C．need D．would 2．—Could I borrow your dictionary﹖ —Yes, of course you ＿＿＿＿．(MET1992)A．might B．will C．can D．should 3．It’s nearly seven o’clock．Jack ＿＿＿＿ be here at any moment．(NMET1995)A．must B．need C．shouldD．can 4．The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ＿＿＿get out．(NMET1997) A．had to B．wouldC．could D．was able to 5．Mr Brown, many students want to see you, ＿＿they wait here or outside﹖ A．shallB．willC．canD．would 6.The monitor must be in the reading-room,_____﹖ A．mustn’t B．doesn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t 7．Dr Baker must have given a good speech at the conference yesterday, ＿＿he﹖ A．mustn’t B．didn’t C．needn’t D．isn’t 8．—When can I come for the photos﹖ I need them tomorrow afternoon． —They ＿＿＿＿ be ready by 12:00(NMET1998) A．can B．should C．might D．need 9．I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ＿＿＿＿ for her．(NMET1994) A．had to write it outB．must have written it out C．should have written it out D．ought to write it out 10．He hardly ＿＿say anything more, since you know all about it． A．don’tB．needn’tC．needsD．need 11．—Alice looks sad．Did you tell her about the news？—Yes，but I __________ her later． A．should have toldB．shouldn't have toldC．must have toldD．needn't have told 12．You __________ this morning，if you really wanted to see it yourself． A．ought to comeB．may have comeC．ought to have comeD．could come 13．—You ought to have come here ten minutes ago．—I __________ ，but the train was late． A．ought toB．ought to haveC．oughtD．have ought to 14． __________ he come，the problem would be settled． A．WouldB．ShouldC．Shall D．If 15．It is necessary that a college student__________at least a foreign language． A．masters B．should masterC．may masterD．can master 16．Most of the mem bers demanded that the meeting __________ till Friday． A．should put offB．not be put offC．wouldn't be put offD．can not put off 17．It's unfair that you __________ treat him like that． A．canB．mayC．needD．should 18．I __________ advise you not to do that again in the future． A．dare B．would C．shouldD．need 19．When I went out，whom __________ I meet but our old friend？ A．shouldB．could C．might D．would 20．Tom __________ at the gate of the cinem a now． A．should have waitedB．should be waitingC．might wait D．would wait 21.”What you want, you ____ have it on condition that you get the best result,” said the boss. A. would B. ought toC. shallD. could 22.---What’s wrong with your car? ---I don’t know. It just _____ start. A. mustn’tB couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t 23.You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C.don’t need coming D. needn’t come 24.---May I pick a flower in the garden ? ---______. A. No, you needn’tB.Not,please C. No,you mustn’t D. No,you won’t 25.---Helen, will you be at the party tonight ? ---Yes, but I have so much homework to do that I really _______. A. won’tB .can’tC. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 26.I was really anxious about you. You ______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B .shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D.needn’t leave 27.Jenny _____ with him at that time,for I was having dinner with her in my home. A.can’t have been B.mustn’t have been C .must beD.may be 28.If you listen to me,you _____ have some candies,Deary. A.shallB.mayC.willD.must 29.Peter ____ come with us tonight,but he isn’t very sure yet. A.mayB.canC.willD.must 30.He ____ you more help,even though he was very busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 31.There is plenty of time.She ______. A.mustn’t have hurried B.couldn’t have hurried C.must not hurryD.needn’t have hurried 32.The plant is dead.I ______ it morewater. A.will give B.would have givenC.must give D.should have given 33.---Dare you go home at night ?----_________. A.Yes,I doB.No,I daren’t C.No,I don’t D.Yes,I dare so. 34.When you go abroad,do you _____ take your passport ? A.have toB.ought toC.be able to D.need 35.---You must phone us every week. ----Yes,I _____. A.mustB.have to C.willD.should 36.---Your language teacher looks a rather kind woman. ----But in fact she is cold and hard on us.You _____ believe it. A.should B.wouldn’tC.mustn’t D.might not. 37.A wise man __ sometimes make a mistake. A.can B.mayC.mightD.must 38.Don’t get the ink on your shirt,for it _________. A.won’t wash out B.won’t be washed outC.doesn’t wash outD.can’t be washed out 39.---Is your father still an engineer ? ----_______. A.Yes,he wasB.He didn’t use toC.No,but he used toD.No,but he used to be 40.There are so many people in the street that I _____ get through. A.can’tB.couldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t 41.The classroom is empty.They must have gone to the sportsground,________? A.don’t theyB.didn’t they C.haven’t theyD.hadn’t they 42.---You ought to have come earlier.---Yes,I ______.But the traffic was heavy. A.ought to B.shouldC.must haveD.should have 43.Last night he hurt his leg,but at last he ______ get home safely. A.couldB.can C.dareD.was able to 44.---Shall I tell John about it ? ----No,you ______.I’ve told him already.(1994) A.needn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 45.Tom ought not to_____ me your secret,but he meant no harm.(1993) A.have toldB.tellC.be telling D.having told 46.It’s already seven o’clock.Jack _____ be here at any moment.(1995) A.must B.needC.should D.can 47.---When can I come for the photos ? I need them tomorrow afternoon. ----They _____ be ready by 12:00.(1998) A.can B.should C.might D.need 48.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ---Oh,did you ? You _____ with Barbara.(1998) A.could have stayedB.could stay C.would stayD.must have stayed 49.Sorry I’m late. I ___ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (2000 spring) A.might B.shouldC.can D.will 50.---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?----I’m not sure.I _____ go to the concert instead.(2000)A.mustB.shouldC.would D.might 51.---Write to me when you get home.----________.(2001 Spring) A.I mustB.I shouldC.I willD.I can 52.---I hear you have got a set of valuable Australian coins. _____ I have a look ? ---Yes,certainly. (2002 Spring) A.DoB.MayC.Shall D.Should 53.---Is John coming by train ? --- He should,but he ______ not.He likes driving his car. (2002) A.mustB.canC.need D.may 情態(tài)動詞講與練答案 情態(tài)動詞＋have done: 1-5 ADAAA6-10 CDDCA Key:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 DBBCD 11—15 A C B B B 16—20 B D C A B 21-25CCDCB26-30BAAAA31-35DDBAC36-40AAADA 41-45CDDAA46-50CBAAD 51-53CBD
