It句型歸納總結
一、強調(diào)句型
1. 陳述句的強調(diào)句，強調(diào)陳述句中的某個成分。
為了強調(diào)句子中的有些成分，要用強調(diào)結構It is(was)+被強調(diào)部分+that(who)+其他部分。被強調(diào)的成分可以是主語、賓語、狀語，但不能是定語表語和謂語。這種類型的強調(diào)句主要注意一下幾個方面：
1）It在這一結構中作主句的主語，所以即使被強調(diào)部分是復數(shù)名詞，也要用is或was。
e.g. Tom and Mark often come to see me.
It is Tom and Mark Who often come to see me. （強調(diào)主語）
2）如果被強調(diào)部分是時間、地點、方式或原因也不用when, where, how, why, 而用that；強調(diào)人時可用who，也可用that。
e.g.（1）They set out the day before yesterday.
It was the day before yesterday that they set out （強調(diào)時間狀語）
（2）We put off the sports meet because of the rain.
It was because of the rain that we put off the sports meet （強調(diào)原因狀語）
（3）It was because she was ill that they didn’t ask her to do the job. （強調(diào)原因狀語從句）
3）被強調(diào)部分如果是原句的主語，who或that后面謂語的人稱和數(shù)應和原句的主語一致。
— Personally, I think it is the sales manager, rather than the
salesgirls, ____ to blame.
—I agree with you.
A. is B. that is C. are D. who are
2. 一般疑問句的強調(diào)句，只需把is(was)提前。
e.g. (1) Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?
(2) Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?
(3) —Was it two months ago ____ you luckily got an opportunity to spend your holiday in Canada?
— _____. John was the lucky dog..
A. when; Not I B. when; Not only C. that; Not all D. that; Not me
3.特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句，強調(diào)特殊疑問句中的疑問詞。
e.g. (1) Where did you find the wallet?
Where was it that you found the wallet
(2) When shall we meet?
When is it that we shall meet?
從上面的例子中我們可以看出，特殊疑問句的強調(diào)句是由“特殊疑問詞+was(is) it that +陳述句”構成的。但是當含有特殊疑問詞的強調(diào)句型用在賓語從句中的時候，上述句型應改為‘特殊疑問詞+it was( is) that +陳述句”，即采用陳述句語序。
e.g. (1) — where was it ____ the road accident happened yesterday?
— In front of the market.
A. when B. that C. which D. how
(2) I really don’t know _____ you returned the book to me.
A. when it was that B. when was it C. when was it that D. when it was
4. 有時可用It might be ...that ...,和It must have been...that...的句型表示強調(diào)。
e.g. （1）It might be his father that you are looking for.
（2）It must have been his brother that you met.
5. 強調(diào)not...until結構中由until引導的短語（或從句）表示時間狀語的句型是：It is(was) not until...+that...+其他部分。
e.g. 1）He didn’t marry until forty.
It was not until forty that he married.
（2）Mr. Yang did not leave the lab until he got everything ready for the experiment.
It was not until he had got everything ready for the experiment that Mr. Yang left the lab.
（3）_____ he realized it was too late to return home.
A. Not until dark B. It was until dark that
C. It was not until dark that D. It was dark that
注意：如果not...until放在句首時就要用部分倒裝句式，它的語序和在not...until結構中由until引導的短語（或從句）表示時間狀語的句型中的語序不同。
6. 強調(diào)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別。
強調(diào)詞it與先行詞it的區(qū)別可以通過恢復原句的方式來判斷，即如果把it is...that...去掉后剩下的成分仍然能組成一個完整的句子，這就是強調(diào)句型，否則就不是。
It is there that accidents often happen.
→ Accidents often happen there.
以上就是強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)成分是狀語，把it is...that...去掉，還原成后來的非強調(diào)句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.
上面的句子如果去掉it is...that...后就成了Clear not all the boys like football.很顯然這不是一個完整的句子，因此不是強調(diào)句型，而是由it作先行詞引導的一個主語從句。
7. 其他的一些強調(diào)句型：
It is/was+時間段+since從句，
It +時間段+before從句，
It is/was+時間點+when從句。
1）It is/was + 時間 + since …，從……已多久了。在這個句型中，主句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時，since從句用過去時，表示一個時間點。
e.g.（1）It is five months since I arrived in New York. 我到紐約已五個月了。
（2）It is five months since I was in New York.我離開紐約已經(jīng)五個月了。
注意：例句中five months是作為一個整體看待的，所以用it is。在這類句子中，終止性動詞表示從動作發(fā)生時算起；如果是狀態(tài)動詞或持續(xù)性動詞，則從動作或狀態(tài)結束時算起。
2）It is + 時間+ before …。在這個句型和上面一個句型中，時間都是時間段，如years，five days，twenty minutes等。不過主句的時態(tài)多用一般將來時或一般過去時，從句的時態(tài)要根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)進行變化。Before前的主句如果是肯定的，翻譯成“在……之后才……” 主句如果是否定的，翻譯成“不久就……”
e.g.（1）It was long before he gave an answer. 過了好久他才答復我。
（2）It was not long before he worked out the difficult maths problem.
不一會兒他就把那道數(shù)學題解出來了。
（3）It will be years before he comes back. 過幾年他才回來。
（4）It was five o’clock A he came to see me.
It was at five o’clock B he came to see me.
It is five years D I left school.
It was five years C he joined the army.
A. when B. that C. before D. since
3）It was + 時間 +when從句
在上述句型中it指時間，when引導的是時間狀語從句
e.g.（1）It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.
（2）It was midnight when I got back home yesterday.
第一句是強調(diào)句型，被強調(diào)的時時間狀語，因此用介詞短語表達，而第二句是一般句型，時間以名詞的方式表達，用來作表語。
二、謂語動詞的強調(diào)
it is...that...結構不能強調(diào)謂語，如果需要強調(diào)謂語，用助動詞do, did或does。如：
Do come here tomorrow.
He did write to you last week.
Mary does study hard now.
三、練習
1. — He looks unhappy.
—Yes, but he can’t say what it is ___ is bothering him.
A. as B. that C. what D. which
2. (1) It was not until I had read your letter __C_ the truth.
(2) Not until I had read your letter _A___ the truth.
A. did I learn B. I didn’t learn
C. that I learned D. that I had learned
3. You fix my what? It was to get my brakes repaired____ I brought my car in, not to get the engine replaced!
A. so that B. when C. that D. because
4. It was some time ___ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
5. Was it when he was training in the field _____ the captain got hurt?
A. when B. that C. how D. where
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