導(dǎo)語(yǔ)
宋少江教授簡(jiǎn)介
宋少江教授目前擔(dān)任沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)副校長(zhǎng)、遼寧省藥學(xué)會(huì)理事長(zhǎng)、同時(shí)兼任校學(xué)位委員會(huì)主席、教育部基于靶點(diǎn)的藥物設(shè)計(jì)與研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室副主任、遼寧省基于計(jì)算化學(xué)的天然抗腫瘤藥物研究與開(kāi)發(fā)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室主任、中醫(yī)藥科研“中藥化學(xué)三級(jí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室”主任。
宋少江教授致力致力于藥用植物中先導(dǎo)化合物的發(fā)現(xiàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)改造及作用機(jī)制研究,主要研究方向?yàn)閻盒阅[瘤及老年相關(guān)疾病的新藥研究與開(kāi)發(fā)。目前承擔(dān)國(guó)家級(jí)項(xiàng)目 10 項(xiàng),省部級(jí)項(xiàng)目 12 項(xiàng)。發(fā)表通訊作者 SCI 論文200余篇,獲得授權(quán)專(zhuān)利 13 項(xiàng),主編教材 11部,獲一項(xiàng)新藥證書(shū),三項(xiàng)臨床批件。曾獲得國(guó)務(wù)院特殊津貼專(zhuān)家、遼寧省第七批優(yōu)秀專(zhuān)家、遼寧省特聘教授、中國(guó)藥學(xué)會(huì)-施維雅青年藥物化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、遼寧省百千萬(wàn)人才工程百人層次、遼寧省普通高等學(xué)校優(yōu)秀青年骨干教師、遼寧省科技進(jìn)步二等獎(jiǎng)等榮譽(yù)稱(chēng)號(hào)。
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前沿科研成果
從地膽草中分離得到吉瑪烷型倍半萜內(nèi)酯Elephantopinolide A-P,通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)凋亡,自噬,周期阻滯發(fā)揮抗肝癌的作用
沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)宋少江教授課題組在發(fā)現(xiàn)和尋找天然來(lái)源的腫瘤抑制劑方面做了一系列的工作(J. Nat. Prod., 2016, 79, 2236?2242;J. Biol. Chem., 2014, 289, 6394-6403; Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2017, 138, 212-220; Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2017, 133, 1-10; Eur. J. Med. Chem., 2017, 127, 62-71)。通過(guò)逐步形成的中藥抗腫瘤的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)及作用機(jī)制評(píng)價(jià)體系快速發(fā)現(xiàn)天然來(lái)源腫瘤抑制劑先導(dǎo)化合物。
肝癌是一種常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,每年的發(fā)病率和死亡率持續(xù)上升。為從傳統(tǒng)中藥中尋找新型的肝癌抑制劑,我們從地膽草中分離得到一系列的吉瑪烷型倍半萜內(nèi)酯,其中包括16個(gè)新化合物和1個(gè)已知化合物(Figure 1)。它們的結(jié)構(gòu)通過(guò)多種波譜學(xué)手段,X-射線(xiàn)單晶衍射和量子計(jì)算化學(xué)的方法確定(Figure 2-4)。
Figure 1. Compounds 1-17 isolated from Elephantopus scaber.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
Figure 2. Comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 1-8 in MeOH. Spectra were calculated at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, p)//ωB97X-D/6-31G(d) level.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
Figure 3. The ORTEP drawing of 1, 3, 8, 14, and 15
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
Figure 4. Comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra of 9-16 in MeOH. Spectra were calculated at the CAM-B3LYP/6-311++G (2d, p)//ωB97X-D/6-31G(d) level.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
通過(guò)分析化合物對(duì)兩種肝癌細(xì)胞的抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物7-10具有比陽(yáng)性藥(索拉菲尼)顯著的活性(IC50值1.98到5.99 μM),化合物1,2,17展示出與索拉菲尼相近的活性。通過(guò)比較化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)與活性,我們對(duì)吉瑪烷型倍半萜內(nèi)酯抑制肝癌活性的構(gòu)效關(guān)系進(jìn)行初步總結(jié):環(huán)外α, β-不飽和酮和8位的酯側(cè)鏈對(duì)于細(xì)胞毒活性十分關(guān)鍵,而2位的構(gòu)型對(duì)于活性并無(wú)太大影響(Figure 5)。
Figure 5. Structure-activity relationships of germacranolide sesquiterpenes against Hep3B and HepG2 cells.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
接下來(lái),作者對(duì)活性最好的化合物10進(jìn)行了藥理機(jī)制研究。凋亡是細(xì)胞死亡的一種常見(jiàn)機(jī)制,在調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起到重要作用。因此,作者考查了化合物10對(duì)Hep3B和HepG2兩種肝癌細(xì)胞是否通過(guò)細(xì)胞凋亡的方式來(lái)發(fā)揮細(xì)胞毒作用的。通過(guò)Hoechst染色,Annexin-V-PI,Caspase-3活性測(cè)定試劑盒和Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn),表明10可顯著誘導(dǎo)Hep3B和HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡,同時(shí)激活Hep3B和HepG2細(xì)胞中的caspase-3 的活性(Figure 6)。
Figure 6. Compound 10 causes apoptotic cell death in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. (A) The cells were observed with a phase contrast microscope. (B) The nuclear morphology of Hep3B and HepG2 cells was visualized through Hoechst 33258 staining. (C) The percentage of apoptotic cells was analyzed through the Annexin V-PITC/PI assay after cells were treated with 10 for 48 h. (D) Measurement of caspase-3 activity in the Hep3B and HepG2 cells. (E) The expression of FADD, Bax, Bcl-2, cl-caspase 3, PARP and cl-PARP were determined by Western blot analysis. β-actin was used as a loading control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, **p < 0.001, #p < 0.001 vs control group.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
采用H2DCFH-DA染色法,證明化合物10可以能夠時(shí)間依賴(lài)性的提高兩種肝癌細(xì)胞中的活性氧的水平。JC-1染色實(shí)驗(yàn)證明10可以濃度依賴(lài)性的降低兩種肝癌細(xì)胞的膜電位(Figure 7)。
Figure 7. (A) Compound 10 promoted ROS generation in Hep3B and HepG2 cells. (B) MMP was determined by JC-1 staining. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 vs control group.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
細(xì)胞自噬和異常的細(xì)胞周期阻滯同樣在抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞中起到關(guān)鍵作用。細(xì)胞自噬是一種在真核細(xì)胞中普遍存在的高度保守的自我消化現(xiàn)象,參與生存反應(yīng)和抗腫瘤過(guò)程;細(xì)胞周期過(guò)程是一個(gè)連續(xù)的、完整的生理過(guò)程,當(dāng)缺乏適當(dāng)信號(hào),細(xì)胞無(wú)法從一個(gè)階段進(jìn)入到下一個(gè)階段時(shí),該現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為細(xì)胞周期阻滯,可以有效地抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。MDC染色流式細(xì)胞術(shù)和PI染色法實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果證明,10也可以導(dǎo)致Hep3B和HepG2細(xì)胞自噬和G2/M期細(xì)胞阻滯(Figure 8)。
Figure 8. Autophagy and G2/M phase arrest were triggered in 10-treated Hep3B and HepG2 cells. (A) The autophagic cells were observed by flow cytometric analysis of MDC positive ratio. (B) Cell cycle distribution was detected by ?ow cytometry after treatment in two cancer cells. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 vs control group.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPKs)是一類(lèi)典型的蛋白激酶,可介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞增殖、基因表達(dá)、細(xì)胞存活和凋亡等幾個(gè)基本的細(xì)胞過(guò)程。它包含三個(gè)主要成員:p38-絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38),c-Jun N-末端激酶(JNK),細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶(ERK)。作者考察了化合物10對(duì)MAPKs信號(hào)通路中相關(guān)蛋白的磷酸化水平的影響。Western blot檢測(cè)MAPKs相關(guān)蛋白的結(jié)果表明HepG2細(xì)胞中p-p38、p-JNK和p-ERK水平呈劑量依賴(lài)性升高。PI3K/AKT通路是腫瘤過(guò)程中重要的信號(hào)通路,這一途徑與腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和耐藥性有關(guān)??疾旎衔?/span>10對(duì)PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路中相關(guān)蛋白的磷酸化水平的影響,結(jié)果表明10以劑量依賴(lài)的方式降低了HepG2細(xì)胞中p-Akt的表達(dá)。因此,MAPKs和AKT信號(hào)通路在化合物10誘導(dǎo)HepG2細(xì)胞死亡的過(guò)程中起重要作用(Figure 9)。
Figure 9. E?ects of p38/JNK MAPK and AKT pathways on apoptosis induced by 10 in HepG2 cells. (A) The expression levels of p-p38, p-JNK and p-ERK were detected by Western blot. (B) The expression levels of AKT and p-AKT were detected by Western blot. β-actin was used as a loading control. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, #p < 0.001 vs control group.
(來(lái)源:Eur. J. Med. Chem.)
該工作以“Elephantopinolide A-P, germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones from Elephantopus scaber induce apoptosis, autophagy and G2/M phase arrest in hepatocellular carcinoma cells”為題發(fā)表于Eur. J. Med. Chem.(DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112362),第一作者為沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)博士生白明和碩士生陳靖杰。通訊作者為沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)宋少江教授,黃肖霄教授和姚國(guó)棟副教授。該工作獲得了國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(No. 81903511)沈陽(yáng)藥科大學(xué)中青年教師事業(yè)發(fā)展支持計(jì)劃(No. ZQN2018006)和遼寧省創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)(No. LT2015027)的資助。
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