從句是相對于主句而言的,即它是從屬于某一個(gè)主句,而不能單獨(dú)作一個(gè)句子.在英語中,主要有三大從句,即名詞性從句(包括主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句)、形容詞性從句(即定語從句)、副詞性從句(即狀語從句,包括時(shí)間、條件、結(jié)果、目的、原因、讓步、地點(diǎn)、方式等).
主語從句用作主語,如::
That the earth is round is true.地球?yàn)閳A的是真實(shí)的.
賓語從句用作賓語.如:
Do you know where he lives?
表語從句用作表語,如:
My opinion is that you should not go alone.我的意見是你不應(yīng)單獨(dú)前往.
同位語從句用于解釋說明前面的名詞.如:
The fact that the earth is round is true.地球是圓的的事實(shí)是真實(shí)的.(that從句用于解釋說明the fact)
定語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞,用于修飾前面的名詞.如:
The student who answered the question was John.回答問題的學(xué)生是John.
狀語從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞,如:
When it rains,I usually go to school by bus.天下雨時(shí),我通常坐公共汽車上學(xué).(時(shí)間狀語)
If he comes tomorrow,you will see him.如果他明天來,你就可以看見他.(if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:if 狀語從句,+主句).要注意在狀語從句中有一個(gè)規(guī)則是“主將從現(xiàn)”,即主句是將來時(shí),則從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來.
主句和從句的劃分方法是相同的.句子的成分從謂語動(dòng)詞處來劃分比較容易.謂語動(dòng)詞前面的部分是主語,后面常接賓語,修飾謂語動(dòng)詞的是狀語,修飾主語、賓語的是定語,若謂語是系動(dòng)詞,則系動(dòng)詞后的部分是表語.如:
I am a teacher.其中,I 是主語,am是謂語,a teacher 是表語.
He likes playing football very mucy.其中,he是主語,likes是謂語,playing football是賓語,very much是狀語.
英語中8種從句介紹
1定語從句
2時(shí)間狀語從句
3地點(diǎn)狀語從句
4條件狀語從句
5同位語從句
6表語從句
7賓語從句
8主語從句
名詞性從句:在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞從句 (Noun Clauses).名詞從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句.
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞
引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類:
連接詞:that,whether,if 不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分)
連接代詞:what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,
whose,which.
連接副詞:when,where,how,why
不可省略的連詞:
1.介詞后的連詞
2.引導(dǎo)主語從句和同位語從句的連詞不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比較:whether與if 均為'是否'的意思.但在下列情況下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1.whether引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首
2.引導(dǎo)表語從句
3.whether從句作介詞賓語
4.從句后有'or not'
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句都可以置于句末,用 it充當(dāng)形式主語.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
)由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that-從句.That只起連接主句和從句的作用,在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,本身也沒有詞義.名詞性that-從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語、賓語、表語、同位語和形容詞賓語,例如:
主語:That he is still alive is sheer luck.他還活著全靠運(yùn)氣.
賓語:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.約翰說他星期三要到倫敦去.
表語:The fact is that he has not been seen recently.事實(shí)是近來誰也沒有見過他.
同位語:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近來誰也沒有見過他,這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安.
形容詞賓語:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你對工作滿意我感到很高興.
2)That- 從句作主語通常用it作先行詞,而將that-從句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗.
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事
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