管衛(wèi)東高考100日沖刺系列(2): 巧用技巧,破解英語語法填空題 一、語法填空的選材與命題取向 這幾年語法填空題的數(shù)量較以往有所減少,同時難度也有所降低??v觀近幾年的高考試題,英語試題卷在不斷地變化,不斷地改革,題型上有所創(chuàng)新并日趨完善,起主要表現(xiàn)在利用情景語言交流中考查考生的英語語言應(yīng)用能力。 語法填空題的選材一般是從國外的報刊雜志、辭書或?qū)υ捴羞x取,在進(jìn)行改造而形成。首先這些句子必須是來源于生活,具有實際交際功能意義的。由于《高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》明確了語法的三個緯度:形式、意義和用法,而高考的語法填空題正是基于這一理念進(jìn)行選材。語法填空題選材必須注意:所選句子的語言形式要正確,原汁原味,所選句子的意思要清晰明了,句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)功能能完美地服務(wù)于句子的語義。簡而言之,高考語法填空題的命題必然要緊扣這一要求。 高考語法填空的命題取向:純語法規(guī)則測試題會越來越少,而強(qiáng)化考生英語的實際運(yùn)用能力、理解能力和邏輯推理能力的試題將會逐漸增加。不過,語法填空題的總體難度有所降低。 根據(jù)《高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》確定的語法三個緯度,語法填空題命題取向,首先突出在以下四個方面的能力:語法加語境,語法與上下文,語法加比較辨析和情景會話用語;其次要講究測試面廣,涉及到的語法測試點要多,這也是愈發(fā)測試的一個非常重要的特色。如語法測試體的測試點包括動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞、非謂語動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞、連詞、冠詞、代詞、介詞、復(fù)合句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句、反意疑問句、省略句和it 07 08 07 08 07 08 2) 3) 二、語法填空的命題思路分析與對策 高考語法填空題的命題思路是:講究句子的語境設(shè)置,從四個方面考查考生的英語實際運(yùn)用能力,甄別、篩選和理解能力以及邏輯推理能力。這四個方面的能力是: 語法與語境的辨析能力, 語法對比辨析的能力, 上下文之間的推論能力, 情景會話的語境辨析。 語法填空題還增加了詞義辨析題的含量,這主要呈現(xiàn)在動詞、短語動詞、形容詞和副詞的考查,除此之外,這種題型也出現(xiàn)了對文化知識的考查。如: You may not have played very well today, but at least you’ve got through to the next round and ____________.[07- A. tomorrow never comes B. tomorrow is another day C. never put of till tomorrow D. there is no tomorrow 由上看出,單項填空題將逐步從考查學(xué)生的語言知識運(yùn)用能力的考查想文化知識的考查過渡,這一現(xiàn)象應(yīng)引起我們的重視。 對策:復(fù)習(xí)備考時,應(yīng)多多研究高考真題,依據(jù)高考的命題思路,進(jìn)行有效地復(fù)習(xí),注重選擇含語境的題,注重分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),時態(tài)的交互和變化,從句的特征效應(yīng),非謂語動詞的一些特殊功能以及一些固定搭配等。讓考生全面地、理性地掌握語法填空題的精髓。 應(yīng)試技巧一、二在上篇博文中已經(jīng)簡要介紹過了,這里就不再重復(fù)了。 試題命制時,為使語言生動,自然、簡潔,所以常常采用這種省略形式。解答這類題,首先要求考生弄懂句意,再根據(jù)所學(xué)語法知識將句子還原或補(bǔ)全,有助于考生快速地掌握句子的意思。不過這類現(xiàn)象多為同源主語的省略。 23) ________ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 【答案為D 24) The research is so designed that once ______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 【答案為D 25) We all know that, __________, the situation will grow worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with 【答案為B 應(yīng)試技巧四:巧用結(jié)構(gòu)分析句子,理順還原本來面目 有些語法填空題的句子結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜,迷惑性大,考生若稍有疏忽,必定會受到干擾項的干擾,這時就需要耐心和細(xì)心地分析句子,弄清結(jié)構(gòu),再對照選項進(jìn)行甄別選出正確選項。 26) You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【答案為D 應(yīng)試技巧五:語境背景要弄清,細(xì)心分析究根源 有些語法填空題常常在語境中考查考生對語言結(jié)構(gòu)和語言知識的考查,這類題型是近年來??碱}。這就要求考生要針對語境做細(xì)致的分析,以語境為切入點對測試題進(jìn)行思考,分析,甄別和抉擇。 27) —Bill, if it doesn’t rain, we can go straight on and spend more time in Vienna. — ___________ I just want to hear Mozart. A. Well done! B. No problem. C. That’s great! D. That’s it. 【答案為C 28) -Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? -Sorry, I am not sure. But it _____ be. A. might B. will C. must D. can 【答案為A 下面給出10 1. I won’t think _____ of him because of his shortcomings. He is a good boy after all. A. much B. little C. any less D. any more 2. ----Which share is meant for me? ----You can take ______ half. They are exactly the same. A. this B. any C. each D. either 3. This book is written in _____ easy English _____ beginners can understand. A. such ; that B. so; that C. such; as D. too; that 4. What a pity! I missed meeting him at the airport because my car was _____ in the traffic jam. A. broken up B. kept back C. held up D. kept up 5. The girl seldom, if ______, turned to her brother for protection. A. never B. ever C. always D. then 6. ----What a hot day! Have you had a drink? ----Yes, but I’d like to have _______ after class. A. it B. another C. that D. one 7. If you keep practicing your son in football, he ______ to be a famous player. A. wants B. hopes D. wishes D. promises 8. This crop does not do well in soils _______ the one for which it has been specially developed. A. outside B. other than C. beyond D. rather than 9. --- Excuse me, may I ask you some questions? --- Sorry, I’m too busy and haven’t got even a minute to __________. A. spend B. spare C. share D. stop 10. If you want to see a doctor, you fix a date with him ahead of time. That is a common ____ in the USA. A. sense B. rule C. practice D. reality 希望通過本博文的學(xué)習(xí),同學(xué)們能有所收獲!接下來我還會就其他科目的答題方法和技巧進(jìn)行講解,請積極關(guān)注! |
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