I 情態(tài)動詞的特征：
1. 本身有詞義。
2. 不能獨立作謂語。
2. 后接動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。
3. 不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。
II 情態(tài)動詞各自的基本意義及用法：
1. can 與could用法
對比點
can
could
1、表“能力”
Can you lift this heavy box?
I couldn’t understand what he said at all.
2、表“許可”
You can use a different material instead.
He said I could borrow his bike.
3、“懷疑”
No, no, it can’t be true.
What on earth can this mean?
We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?
4、can與be able to 區(qū)別
1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。
Eg. Could I use your bike?
Yes, I can
2. can (能夠)=be able to(僅表能力時)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，
才能做得到，且有更多的時態(tài)。
2.may與 might用法
對比點
may
might
1．表“詢問”
May I …?(=Can I …?)
Might I …?(=Could I…?)
(但比用may 更客氣)
2.表“允許”
You may take the boy there.
He told me he might come.
(might 與told相呼應(yīng))
3．表“可能”“或許”
She may nor like this place.
I’m afraid he might not like this play.
注：
1. May I…?的答語。
2. may可表示期望或祝愿
May you succeed !
3. may (might) 用于目的狀語從句。
肯定：Yes, you may.
否定：No, you mustn’t 不行
（語氣強硬）
No, you may not 或No, you’d better not.
The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.
3. must與have to用法
對比點
must
have to
1. 表“必須”
（主觀看法）必須；沒有過去式，可用于間接引語中。
He told me I must do according to what he said.
（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時態(tài)。It’s raining heavily, we can’t go now.
2. 疑問句
Must I …? Yes, you must.（一定）
No, you needn’t./ you don’t have to.
(不必)
Do you have to go today?
Yes, we do.
You don’t have to worry about that.
4. need與dare用法
對比點
need
dare
1.情態(tài)v.+動詞原形
1）否定式
2）疑問式
He need not (needn’t)go.
---Need we do it again?
---No, you needn’t do it again.
He dare not say so.
Dare she go out alone at night?
How dare you say I’m unfair?
If he dare do that, he’ll be punished.
I dare say. (固定用法)
2.實義v. +to do 1）肯定式
2）否定式
3）疑問式
He needs to go.
He doesn’t (does not) need to go.
Does he need to do it again?
No, he doesn’t need ot do it again.
He dares to say.
He does not(doesn’t)dare to say.
If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .
3. did not need to do表示過去沒必要做
She didn’t need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒有參加)
5. should與ought to用法
對比點
should
ought to
1、表“應(yīng)該”
表勸告、建議
You should listen to the doctor’s advice.
We should learn from Zhang Hua.
“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事
You ought to finish your work before you go home.
We ought to help each other.
2、表“估計”
They should get home by now.
“非?？赡堋钡氖拢勺g為“總應(yīng)該”
If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.
注：
1）should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用
2) 注意：ought to的疑問式及否定式
---Ought he to go? ---Yes, I think he ought to. ---No, he oughtn’t to.
否定式：oughtn’t to do (不說ought to not do) 反疑問句：oughtn’t ______?
6. shall與will用法
shall
will
1. 征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：Shall I (we)…? Shall he (she)…?
Where shall I (we)wait for you?
1. 詢問對方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆螅?div style="height:15px;">
Will you (please)…? Won’t you…?
Would you like to...? (would替代will更客氣)
Won’t you go and see the film?你不去看電影嗎---Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。
2. 表示說話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強制”“允諾”“決心”等，用于第二、三人稱。
You shall do what I tell you ( to do).
我叫你干什么你就干什么。
Everything shall be done to save the ship.
一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。
2. 表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：
I won’t do anything you don’t like.
我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。
Would表示過去時間的“意志”“意愿”
Shylock would not take the money earlier.
夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。
7. used to與would用法
used to
would
1.表示過去的動作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比，不一定要有時間狀語。
I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.
My hometown is not what it used to be.
1.只表示過去動作的重復(fù)，有明確的時間狀語。
I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.
2.would 后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認識或狀態(tài)動詞
He used to be nervous in the exam.
2. 表示過去的習(xí)慣有時可互換：
When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.
3. 表示過去的次數(shù)時，不能使用：
( √）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
注：used to do的否定式：usedn’t to do 或didn’t use to do (usedn’t也可寫作usen’t)
疑問式： Did you use to do ? Didn’t you use to do?
Used you to do? Usedn’t you to do?
II 情態(tài)動詞表推測：
1. 大多數(shù)情態(tài)動詞（除表‘能力、許可、意志’外），都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。
按可能性程度的高低排列為：must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥ should
完全肯定 完全可能 很可能
﹥ can ﹥ could﹥ may ﹥ might
可能 有可能
2. 區(qū)分情態(tài)動詞的否定含義：may not或許不、可能不 might not可能不 can’t 不可能
mustn’t不許、禁止 shouldn’t不應(yīng)該 needn’t 不必
3. 情態(tài)動詞表推測具體運用：情態(tài)動詞可以對現(xiàn)在、進行、過去推測。
S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + adj
對“性質(zhì)”“特征”的推測
S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + n
對“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測
S主+情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形
對經(jīng)常性行為的推測
S主+情態(tài)動詞 + be + V-ing
對進行著的行為的推測
S主+情態(tài)動詞 + have + PP
對過去的行為的推測
情態(tài)動詞表推測時：1、can只能用于否定句和疑問句
2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）
3、如句中有情態(tài)動詞 + 完成時，定是對過去的推測 。
4、句中如有表示不肯定的話語
E.g I am not sure; I don’t know 之類，常選may /might的各種形式。
4. 表示反勸的特殊的表推測形式
1). could + have + P.P.
表示本來能做到，但事實上沒有做到。
He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.
2). couldn’t +have + P.P.
表示本來不能做到，但已經(jīng)做到了。
She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.
3) needn’t + have + P.P.
表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。
She needn’t have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.
4.) should/ought to +have + P.P.
表示該做而沒有做
The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.
5) shouldn’t/ oughtn’t to +have + P.P.
表示不該做而做了。
You oughtn’t to / shouldn’t have taken her bike without permission.
5. 注意：
must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了）
1.must + have + P.P.
表示對過去肯定的推測，“一定是，準(zhǔn)是”
The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.
2.can + have + P.P.
表示對過去的推測（限于問句中）
Can she have said so? 他可能這樣說嗎？
3.can’t + have + P.P.
表示對過去的否定推測
He cannot have said such a foolish thing.
III 情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句
1. 情態(tài)動詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態(tài)動詞后的時態(tài)為淮，如句子里有明確的時間狀語，則以其為準(zhǔn)。
2. 以 must 為例：
E.g. 1. You must be hungry now, aren’tyou?
2. He must be watching TV, isn’t he ?
3Tom must have lived her for along time, hasn’t he ?
4. She musthave arrived yesterday, didn’t she?
注：如選擇題中（以Shemust have arrived yesterday, didn’t she？為例）既有didn’t she又有hasn’t she則以didn’t she？為最佳答案。
IV 情態(tài)動詞專項練習(xí)與解析一
( ) 1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week ifyou like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C.needn’t D. may not
( ) 2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C.should have lost D. must have lost
( ) 3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C.had seen D. were to see
( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B.must have been C. should be D.should have been
( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C.may have given D. may give
( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B.will be C. would have been D.would be
( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D.might not
( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B.should C. need D.would
( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must havestudied B. might study
C. should havestudied D. would study
( ) 12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B.will C. can D.should
( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D.having told
( ) 14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to thehospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D.would have been warned; had not taken
( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D.will
( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
( ) 17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she wouldhave met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
( ) 18. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_____.
A. breaks B.has broken C. were broken D.had been broken
( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D.can
( ) 21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed totake me as well.
— It _____ a comfortablejourney.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’tbe C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
( ) 22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t;may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
( ) 23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
( ) 24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
( ) 25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D.must have stayed
( ) 26. — Will you stay for lunch?
— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B.I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
( ) 27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D.might
( ) 28. — Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D.I can
( ) 29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C.couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
( ) 30. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he_____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
專項練習(xí)（二）
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at themeeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to notbe punished
C. to not punished D. not bepunished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ somuch.
A. not; be smoking B. not;have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not;smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go
C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They saythat it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
6. I’m surprisedthat he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B.would have failed
C. may have failed D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important todo.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come
C. don’t need coming D.needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you somebooks.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t havehurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D.needn’t havehurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B.would have given
C.must give D. shouldhave given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
17. It’s stillearly, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day.Let’s go fishing,_____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her inthe meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
23. — Please don’t make anoise. — _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed toattend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must beraining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
28. She’s already twohours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B.may have happened
C. should have happened D.must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
35. Let’s clean ourclassroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have ittomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used totelling C. used to tell D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
專項練習(xí)（三）
1. — Has Li Lin started? He said he wouldjoin in the party.
— He ______. He is a man of keeping his word.
A. could have left B. must haveleft C. can’t come D. won’t be coming
2. — May I park my car here?— No, you ______. No car is allowed to park here.
A. may not B. needn’t C.mustn’t D. daren’t
3. — Excuse me, could you tell me where the Yajia Supermarket is?
— It’s two blocks straight ahead. You ______ miss it.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
4. — I saw Mr. Sun at Tongyu Station this morning.
— You ______. He’s still on holiday inHawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’thave C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
5. — How about paying a visit to Dr. Wang, our former Chinese teacher?
— Good idea. I will e-mail him today so that he ______ know ______ to expectus.
A. shall; why B. could; when C. would; what D. will; how
6. Everything has two sides. Beautiful songs, sometimes, ______ be just noiseto others.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
7. Someone ______ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.
A. must be using B. must haveused C. must use D. must have been using
8. — How dangerous it was!— Yes, but for the passer-by’s quick action, the girl______.
A. was drowned B. could havebeen drowned C. had drowned D. should be drowned
9. You ______ scold such a pupil who always keeps silent so seriously that you______ hurt him.
A. should; can B. may;will C. mustn’t; may D. can’t; must
10. — Why does Alice know so much about Angkor Wat?— She ______ have beenthere, or ...
A. must B. oughtn’t to C. may D.can’t
11. — You may laugh, but I’ve been thinking of becoming a vegetarian.— Oh, you______ be crazy. You will be hungry all the time.
A. must B. may C. will D.need
12. — What’s the matter with you?
— Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried fish justnow.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’thave eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
13. — ______ he have been chosen as captain of the football team?— Yes, he______.
A. Can; must have B. Must;must have C. Can; must D. Must; must
14. Mr. Zhang ______ in Shanghai tomorrow morning.
A. can have arrived B. willhave arrived C. may have arrived D. must have arrived
15. Miss Wang started at 8 o’clock, and she ______ be there now.
A. should B. can C. can’t D. need
16. — It must be Mr. Li who did it. —No, it ______ be Mr. Li.
A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C.can’t D. may
17. You ______ finish reading the book assoon as possible.
A. may B. can C. need D.should
18. — Need you go to work now? — Yes,I ______.
A. must B. need C. can D.dare
19. Your trousers are dirty. ______ them for you?
A. Shall I wash B. Will Iwash C. Am I going to wash D. Am I washing
情態(tài)動詞專項練習(xí)與解析一
【練習(xí)解析】
1．C 從原題中You can keep it till next weekif you like這一信息句可知，“你不必現(xiàn)在還”。
2．D 從原題中Where is my pen?這一信息句可告訴考生，“筆丟了”，丟的動作是過去發(fā)生的。因此用must+ have done表示對過去事實的肯定猜測。
3．C 原題中的yesterday這一信息詞告訴考生，在wish后的賓語從句中，用過去完成時，表示與過去事實相反的愿望。
4．B 從原題中的I didn’t hear the phone.這一信息可以判斷出，用must have done表示過去事實的準(zhǔn)確的肯定猜測。
5．A 從原題中l(wèi)ast Saturday這一信息詞可知，條件句中用表示與過去 事實相反的過去完成時，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 過去分詞，在次是虛擬語氣，表示“本來可以給你更多的幫助”，而事實則是幫助較少。
7．C 從原題中的yesterday這一信息詞暗示考生，該句應(yīng)選用與過去事實相反的過去完成時，If ithad not been for … “要不是因為……”。
8．D 原題中的Without electricity相當(dāng)于一個條件句：If there were noelectricity,故主句用human lifewould be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一種客觀上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不會”。
10．B 從原題總的“I wonder why she changed hermind”“我不知道為何他改變了主意了?！边@句話告訴考生Janny沒有守諾言。因此，用should+ have done，表示“過去本應(yīng)該做某事，而實際上沒有做”。
11．C 可參看10題。意思是：“昨晚本應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)，但是卻去聽音樂會了?！?div style="height:15px;">
12．C 原題中的could不是過去時，而表示一種委婉、客氣的禮貌用語。因此用could提問時，用can回答。同樣用would，might提問，用will和may回答。[注意]①— Would yourather do such a thing? — Yes, I would.
②— Would youlike some tea? — Yes, I would.
13．A 可參看10、15題。該句意思是：“湯姆本來不該告訴我你的秘密，但他沒有傷害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 從答語中的Luckily he was sent to thehospital immediately這一信息句可提示考生，條件句應(yīng)填表示與過去事實相反的時態(tài)。
15．B 從原題中的but he isn’t very sure yet這一信息句可暗示考生，Peter當(dāng)晚來的可能性不大。A是“準(zhǔn)來，肯定來”，D是“將要來”。
17．D 從原題中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother這兩個信息句可知，if條件句中應(yīng)填與過去事實相反的過去完成時。可參看6、7、14題。
19．C 當(dāng)as if引導(dǎo)虛擬語氣的句子是，如果主句與從句中的謂語詞所表達的動作同時發(fā)生時，as if后接一般過去時。例如：Hewalked as if he were lame.如果從句中的謂語動作發(fā)生個在主句謂語動作之前，則用過去完成時。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不論主句中的謂語是現(xiàn)在時還是過去時。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一詞和后文at any moment（隨時的意思）這兩個信息詞語，就能很快選出C項，表示邏輯推測，意思是“快七點鐘了，杰克一會兒就該到了?！?div style="height:15px;">
