現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或 狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have (has)+過去分詞。不少同學(xué)對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法感到困惑，下面我們來對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法以及現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別做一個(gè)詳細(xì)分析。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語，如：just,yet, before, recently, once, lately等；也可以同表示瀕度的時(shí)間狀語連用，如often, ever,never, sometimes, twice, on severaloccasions等；也同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語連用，如now, today, this morning, this year,this month等，但不能同特定的時(shí)間狀語連用（in 1993, last year等）。（一）表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。如： Have you read that story？你讀過那個(gè)故事嗎？（“讀”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是：是否知道故事的內(nèi)容。）I have bought two apples．我買了兩個(gè)蘋果。（“買”這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是：擁有兩個(gè)蘋果。）在學(xué)習(xí)這一概念的同時(shí)，還應(yīng)注意常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的幾個(gè)副詞：already，just，ever，yet，never等。already，just多用于肯定句中，ever，yet，never多用于疑問句和否定句中。如： I have already finished my homework．我已經(jīng)做完家庭作業(yè)了。 He has justhad his meal．他剛吃過飯。 Have you ever sung this Englishsong？你曾唱過這首英文歌嗎？ They haven't started yet．他們還沒有動(dòng)身。 We have neverheard of it．我們從來沒有聽說過這件事。（二）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。1、因?yàn)楸硎镜氖浅掷m(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，所以使用的動(dòng)詞通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞：be, stay,study, wait, keep, have… 等；2、使用的時(shí)間狀語通常由for或since 引導(dǎo)，但二者后接的詞有所不同：for后常跟一個(gè)時(shí)間段，指某個(gè)動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已持續(xù)了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。如：for three years, for half an hour等。since 作介詞，后面可以接一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，如since 1980，也可以接“一段時(shí)間+ago”,如: since threeyears ago, since two months ago等。since 還可用作連詞，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語從句。如：We have known each other since we went to college.3、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能直接和for 或since 連用，但我們可以找一個(gè)相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語來替換這些非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如: come→be, come to→be in / at, go out→ beout, leave→be away,begin→be on, stop→ beover， buy→have, borrow→ keep,open→be open, close→beclosed, join→be a member of,die→be dead, catch acold→have a cold, get toknow→know,become a teacher →be ateacher, fall asleep→beasleep, fallill→ be ill等。4、句型It is the first （second, third...) timethat...的that從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，表示到說話時(shí)為止動(dòng)作發(fā)生過幾次。如：It is the first time that I have been here. 用于This/That/It isthe first(second…) time that…句型中。如：It is the first time that I have visited your beautiful city.這是我第三次參觀這個(gè)美麗的城市了。■用于This/That/It is +the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that…句型中用在“It(This) is(will be) the first/second/third…time+ that從句”中在這種從句中，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞為is/will be時(shí)，that-從句的動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，that可以省略。主句中的主語還可用this, this evening等;這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的first也可用其他序數(shù)詞；time也可由其他名詞替代。-Do you know our town at all?你對(duì)我們城鎮(zhèn)熟悉嗎？-No, this is the first time I have been here.不熟，這是我第一次來這里。It's the first time I've been here.這是我第一次到這里來。It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.這將是我第一次當(dāng)眾講話。That’sthe most interesting book I’ve ever read. 這是我看過的最有意思的書。It (This)is the best( worst, most interesting等) +名詞+從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句要求用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)This is the best film I’ve everseen.這是我所看過得最好的一部電影。This is the most interesting novel he has everwritten.這是他寫得最好的一部小說。（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較1、一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)只在于陳述一件過去的事情，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)"現(xiàn)在"產(chǎn)生的影響。如： He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年參觀過桂林。(只說明去桂林的時(shí)間)2、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響或產(chǎn)生了結(jié)果。不與確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用。如： Jill has bought a new computer.吉爾買了一臺(tái)新電腦。(著重點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在有了一臺(tái)新電腦)3、 兩種時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)分(1)一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的謂語基本構(gòu)成是"助動(dòng)詞have /has +過去分詞"。(2)一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago,just now, in 2002等；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與just, already, ever, never等副詞和these days, this week,since..., for...等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。（3）看看以下的幾組句子，有什么區(qū)別？① Have you seen the film?(A)Did you see the film?(B)[說明]你看過這部電影嗎？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是被問者對(duì)劇情是否了解；(B)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是看這部電影的動(dòng)作是否發(fā)生過，并不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否知道其內(nèi)容。② How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)[說明]他是怎么做的這件事？(A)句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是他做這件事的方式對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生了某種影響；(B)句單純的詢問做這件事的方式。③ He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)He lived in Beijing for 8years.(B)[說明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句講的是到目前為止他在北京住了8年，可能還會(huì)繼續(xù)在北京住下去。(B)句講的是他在北京住過8年，現(xiàn)在不在北京了。5.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)(1)have been(to)與have gone( to)的區(qū)別：havebeen(to)表示“去過某地(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了)”，可用于各人稱；havegone(to)表示“去某地了(說話時(shí)某人不在當(dāng)?shù)?”，常用于第三人稱，前者可與once ,never,severaltimes等連用，后者則不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他們?nèi)ミ^北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。(2)如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：It is two years sincehis father died. =His father has been dead for twoyears.他父親去世已有三年了。(3)終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自從1997年以來，我一直沒有離開過這兒。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見兩種句型：①主語＋have / has been＋for短語②It is＋一段時(shí)間＋ since從句例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three yearssince he joined the League. 他入團(tuán)已三年了。 在表達(dá)一個(gè)在過去開始而現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。這樣的動(dòng)詞有expect，hope，learn，lie，live，look，rain，sleep，sit，snow，stand，stay，study，teach，wait，want，work等How long have you learnt English？你學(xué)習(xí)英語多久了？How long have you been learning English？（譯文同上。）He has slept for ten hours．他已經(jīng)睡了十個(gè)小時(shí)了。He has been sleeping for ten hours．（譯文同上。）It has snowed for a long time．雪下了好長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。It has been snowing for a long time．（譯文同上。）沒有進(jìn)行式的動(dòng)詞不可能有這樣的用法，即現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不能代替以下例句中的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：They’ve always had a big garden．他們一直有一座大花園。How long have you known that？你知道這事多久了？He’s been in hospital since his accident．他從發(fā)生事故之后，一直在醫(yī)院里。注意：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以和時(shí)間短語連用，也可以不連用，這一點(diǎn)就有別于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因?yàn)楹笳吲c像for six days，sinceJune，never等一些時(shí)間短語連用才能表示這類動(dòng)作。不用這些時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)指的是完成了的一個(gè)動(dòng)作。B 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的反復(fù)的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)可以作為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示：I’ve written six letters since breakfast．早飯后我已經(jīng)寫了六封信。I’ve been writing letters since breakfast．早飯后我一直在寫信。I have knocked five times．I don’t think anyone’s in．我敲了五次門。我想屋里沒有人。I’ve been knocking．I don’t think anybody’s in．我一直在敲門。我想屋里沒有人現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：I have read the book. 我讀過這本書。I have been reading the book.我一直在讀這本書。【注】有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞(如work, study, live, teach,stay等)在表示持續(xù)一時(shí)間時(shí)用這兩種時(shí)態(tài)含義差不多(只是用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行進(jìn)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性)：How long have you worked [been working] here? 你在這兒工作多久了？I’ve lived [been living] here since 1988. 自1988年以來我就一直住在這兒。(2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常只陳述事實(shí)，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)還可表示一種感****彩：I have waited for two hours. 我等了兩小時(shí)。(陳述事實(shí))I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。(等得好辛苦)(3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)通常用來談?wù)撦^短暫的動(dòng)作或情況，若要談?wù)摃r(shí)間延續(xù)較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作或情況或永久性情況，則通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：He haslived in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris.他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暫時(shí)性)(4) 不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞通常也不用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但它們可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：I’ve only known her for two day. 我認(rèn)識(shí)她剛剛兩天。They’ve been marriedfor twenty years. 他們結(jié)婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time.這場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)持續(xù)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。(5) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)，若要用可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替：The house has been painted for a month. 這房子已漆了一個(gè)月。The problem has been studied for five days. 這個(gè)問題已研究了五天。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they ______what'shappened to him .A. knew B. haveknown C. mustknow D.will know2、He has _______been to Shanghai ,has he ?A. already B.neverC.ever D.still3、Have you met Mr Li______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year.A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .—Yes . I hope it will beeven ______ .A.has changed ;well B.changed ; good C.has changed ;better D.changed ; better6、Zhao Lan______already ______in this school for two years.A. was ;studying B. will ; study C. has ;studied D. are ; studying7、We ______Xiao Li since she was a little girl .A.know B. had known C. have known D. knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .A.will see B.have seenC.saw D.see9、—These farmers have been to the United States .—Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?—Yes . I_____ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ;finish11、 His father ______the Party since 1978 .A. joined B. hasjoined C. wasin D. has been in12、—Do you know him well?— Sure .We _________friends since ten years ago .A. were B. havebeen C. havebecome D. have made13、—How long haveyou ____ here ?—About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .A. is B. has C. will D. was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .A.has gone B.went C.will go D. has been17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .A. have been in B.have been to C. have gone to D. have been18、The students have cleaned theclassroom, ?A. sothey B. don’tthey C. havethey D. haven’t they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China sincehe to China?A. How soon,comes B. How often, got C. How long,came D. How far, arrived20、 Hisuncle for more than9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. haslived there D. has left the university21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20minutes.A. hasleft B. hadleft C. has beenaway D. had been away22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A.joined B.have joined C. have been in23.The factory ____ since the February of1988. A . has been open B. hasopened C. was open D.opened24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in2000. A. have made B. have been C.made D. have become25.You mustn't_____ until he comesback. A. beaway B.leave C. be left26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. hasfinished B. hasended C. has been over27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5years. A. has been in B. hascome to C. has taught28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. hasbeen B. has become C.was D.became29. I ______ home for aweek. A. havereturned B. have beenback C. returned30. How long _______ he ________ ? A.died B. has,died C. has, been dead31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A.slept B. wassleeping C. hassleep D. had slept32.He ________ the car for aweek. A.bought B. hasbought C. hashad33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Twoweeks. A. didfall B. have,fell C. have, been34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. hasleft B. has movedaway C. has been away from35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2days. A.borrow B.keep C. take36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours sofar. A. hasstopped B.stopped C. has been37.Are you _____ the jacket thesedays? A.wearing B.putting on C.dressing D. on38.He ________ for 2 hours. A. gotup B. has gotup C. hasbeen up39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for severaldays. A.is B. catches C. hascaught D. has had40.----- How long can I ______ thebook?------ Twoweeks. A. borrow B.lend C.get D.keep二、 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、He has neversurfed, ?（改成反意疑問句）2、They have been here since 2000. (對(duì)劃線部分提問) have they been here?3、The old man _______ last year.He for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Thisfactory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao_____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _______the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_______two years ________ the Green family moved to France.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.(把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)___________________________________________三、 漢譯英。1、 吉姆已做完作業(yè)，他現(xiàn)在有空了。2、 他昨天收到一封信。3、 我父親以前到過長(zhǎng)城。4、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。5、 她去過上海。6、 他這些天上哪兒去了？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與中考選擇填空。1．I_______ a letter from him since heleft．（天津市）A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't haveD．haven't heard2．—Where have you _______ these days？ —I have to Dazhu with myfriends．（重慶市）A．been；gone B．been；been C．gone；beenD．gone；gone3．How long have you _______ this book？（哈爾濱市） A．bought B．borrowedC．had D．lent4．—Where's Peter？ —He _______ to Nanjing．（沈陽市） A．is going B．hasbeen C．has gone D．went5．You've never seen such a wonderful film before，_______？（河北?。?div style="height:15px;">
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don'tyou6．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省） A．when B．sinceC．before D．a(chǎn)fter7．—I have watched the game． —When you _______ it？（長(zhǎng)沙市）A．have；watched B．do；watch C．did；watchD．will；watch8．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ —Oh，I _______ such abeautiful city．（江西省）A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven'tvisited D．hadn't visited9．The old people _______ lonely at all since we began to visitthem once a week．（廣州市）A．don't feel B．hasn't feltC．haven't felt D．didn't feel10．My grandfather_______ in the small town allhis life．He always says he likes the town．（四川?。?div style="height:15px;">
A．lived B．have lived C．has lived D．isliving11．Miss Brown _______ to the Great Wall twice．（貴陽市）A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．hasgone12．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came toYunnan．（昆明市）A．a(chǎn)fter B．before C．sinceD．for13．His grandpa _______ for two years．（廣西） A．was died B．has beendead C．was dead D．has died14．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？—Yes，I_______ there with my family lastAugust．（海南?。?div style="height:15px;">
A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in15．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'llreturn next year．（合肥市）A．left B．has left C．hasbeen away D．has been away from一、單項(xiàng)選擇。1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚攸c(diǎn)在于對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。這種考查難度較大，往往無時(shí)間狀語，需要從上下文分析、推理才行。故上兩側(cè)根據(jù)上下文分析、推理，正確答案是B。2、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用。故2應(yīng)選B。3、C4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast +一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。故4應(yīng)選D。5、C6、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。故6應(yīng)選C。7、C8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。故8應(yīng)選B。9、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)容易混淆，就是因?yàn)樗鼈兯硎镜膭?dòng)作都發(fā)生在過去，但二者又有區(qū)別：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語（如yesterday, last week , a moment ago等）連用。故9的正確答案為B。10、B11、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中，非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與for和since引導(dǎo)的表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常是用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替。故11的正確答案依次為：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、“have/has gone to +地點(diǎn)”表示“某人去了某地（還未回來）”，指主語所指的人不在這兒?！癶ave/has been in +地點(diǎn)”表示“在某地呆了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，常與表示時(shí)間的狀語連用。“have/has been to +地點(diǎn)”表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地（但現(xiàn)在已不在那兒）?！惫?6的正確答案為A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換。1、hashe? 2、Howlong 3、died, has been dead4、has beenopen 5、has beenaway 6、joined；ago7、It is,since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、漢譯英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is freenow.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？（Key：1—5BBCCB 6—10BCCCC 11—15BCBBD）(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的意義及其構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài), 其結(jié)果的影響現(xiàn)在還存在; 也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成: have(has) +過去分詞二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾種情況：1、表示過去發(fā)生的事對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響。The disappearance of Justinhas made Kelly veryunhappy．(Justin在過去失蹤，但Kelly至今仍舊為他的失蹤感到不高興)2、表示過去開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。I haven’t seen Justin sincelast Friday night．(從上周五晚上到現(xiàn)在一直都沒有見到過3、表示動(dòng)作的確切時(shí)間不明確或不重要。The boy has already comehome．(男孩已經(jīng)回家，但沒有指出何時(shí)回家)4、表示剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。The police have just finishedsearching the area．(警方剛結(jié)束對(duì)該地區(qū)的搜查)5、表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Some villagers say that theyhave seen UFOs many times．(村民們?cè)啻慰吹経FO)三、常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語1、表示過去的事或動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，動(dòng)作的時(shí)間不明確、不重要或動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束，一般可用already(用于肯定句或疑問句)、yet(用于否定句或疑問句)、ever、just、recently、latelynever等。除此之外，before也可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。The boy has already comehome．男孩已經(jīng)來家了。I haven't heard anything fromhim yet/ recently／lately.近來，我沒收到他的任何信件。The police have just finishedsearching the area．警方已經(jīng)結(jié)束對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的搜查。I've met the old man somewherebefore．我以前在某個(gè)地方見過那位老人。2、表示動(dòng)作從過去開始，并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，一般可用for／since短語或由since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。在介詞for后一般跟表示一段時(shí)間的短語，在since后一般跟表示某個(gè)時(shí)間的短語，或表示過去時(shí)間的狀語從句。We haven't seen him for two years／since2002．我兩年沒見到他了/自從2002年以來就沒見過他。We haven't seen him since he leftNanjing．自從他離開南京我們就一直沒見到過他。3、 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般可用數(shù)詞+times、recently和lately等。Some villagers say that theyhave seen UFOs many times/ recently/lately．一些村民說他們多次/近來看到飛碟。四、用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型：1) It is the first / second time.... that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果主句是過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時(shí)。例如：It is thefirst time that I have visited the city. 這是我第一次參觀這座城市。It wasthe third time that the boy had been late. 這是男孩第三次遲到了。2) sb./ sth. + be + 形容詞最高級(jí)+ that…結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如果主句是過去時(shí)，從句相應(yīng)地改為過去完成時(shí)。例如：This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.這是我看過的電影中最好的一部。You are the most creative man that I haveever met. 你是我遇到過的人中最有創(chuàng)造性的一位。3) since 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。例如：It has been/ is a long time since I last cameto the city. 自從我上次到城里來，已經(jīng)有好長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間了。I started my teaching career at the school. That was more thantwenty years ago, and I have been there eversince.我是在那個(gè)學(xué)校開始我的教書生涯。那是二十多年前的事了，從那時(shí)起我一直就在那兒。注意: 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。(錯(cuò)) I have received his letter for a month.(對(duì)) I received this letter a month ago.(對(duì)) I haven't received his letter for almost a month.比較since和for用 法舉 例since說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間I have lived here since I was born.自從出生以來我一直住這兒。for說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度I have lived here for more than 20 years.我已經(jīng)住這兒20多年了。一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)意義過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情, 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。構(gòu)成didhave/ has done常用時(shí)間狀語yesterday, last week, …ago,in1980, in October, just now等具體的時(shí)間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,up to now, in the past/ last … years等不確定的時(shí)間狀語動(dòng)詞特征come, go, leave, start, die,finish, become, get married,move, join等非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞live, teach, learn, wait, read, work, study, know, stay, beaway/in , stay, talk, paint, have等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞注意：由when, where等引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，較少使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，常用一般過去時(shí)。現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的意義及其構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作在過去開始發(fā)生, 已經(jīng)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并且還將持續(xù), 或剛剛停止。其構(gòu)成:have (has) +been + doingI have been learning English for three years.(學(xué)英語這個(gè)動(dòng)作從三年前開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還將繼續(xù)學(xué))I have been waiting three hours for you.(等待從過去開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，剛剛結(jié)束)二、通常使用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩種情況：1 表示過去開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。I have not been sleeping well since I returnedhome．(“我”回家后一直都沒有睡好，現(xiàn)在也沒有睡好)2 表示過去開始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。Kelly：Sorry I'm late．Have you been waiting long?(凱利剛到，對(duì)方雖然不再等了，但已一直等到現(xiàn)在)Sally：Yes．I have been waiting for an hour．現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)皆可表示動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的，而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。如：We have been cleaning the classroom．我們打掃教室來著。其直接結(jié)果可能是：我們身上都是灰。表示教室剛剛打掃過。We have cleaned the classroom．我們把教室打掃過了。其結(jié)果是：現(xiàn)在教室很清潔，可以用了。表示教室可能是昨天打掃的。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)意義表示事件或動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作仍在繼續(xù)構(gòu)成have (has) +過去分詞have (has) +been + doing提問方式表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，提問時(shí)用how many times表示持續(xù)的、不間斷的動(dòng)作，提問時(shí)用how long謂語用表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞做謂語只能用表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞做謂語注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中可以用像never、yet、already和ever這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子中則不可以用這樣的詞。Helen has read a book about Stonehenge. (可表示海倫已經(jīng)讀完了)Helen has been reading a book about Stonehenge. (表示海倫仍在讀)------ How many times have you visited Egypt this month?------I have visited Egypt twice this month.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)在這一組對(duì)話當(dāng)中表示被問者過去往返于埃及和居住地，但現(xiàn)已經(jīng)回來)------ How long have you been touring Egypt ?------ I have been touring Egypt for two months.(現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)在這一組對(duì)話中表示被問者過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直呆在埃及，沒有離開過)I have had this camera for five years．(had是表示“擁有”狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera. (taken是表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(taking是表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞)I’ve never visited Paris. 我從未參觀過巴黎。I've already been to Paris. 我已經(jīng)去過巴黎了。. 選擇填空1. Mike: have you learned something unexplained before?John: Yes, I aresearch on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.A.make B.made C. have beenmaking D. have made2. Mr. White works as a lawyer now, but he asan actor for several years.A.worked B. hasworked C. hadworked D. had been worked3. Now that you afamous mountain climber, what are you going to do?A. havebeen B.are C.were D. had been4. Miss. Zhang: I am almost tired out.Miss. Huang: So you are. You onthe documents all day.A. areworking B. haveworked C. wereworking D. have been working5. Tom: I herethree days ago.Andy: What thesedays?A. got; did youdo B. have got; have you doneC. had got; will youdo D. got; have you been doing6. Annie: I’m sorry to keep you waiting.Michael: Oh, not at all. I hereonly a few minutes.A. havebeen B. had been C.was D.will be7. You don’t need to describe her. I herseveral times.A. hadmet B.have met C.met D.meet8. Ted: I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?Jim: I herefor about half a year, and I miss my family very much.A.come B.came C.have come D.have been9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934) theworld leading inventor for about sixty years.A. would be B.has been C.was D.had been10. Billy: thesport meeting might be put off.Paul: Yes, it all dependson the weather.A. I’ve been told B.I’ve told C. I’mtold D.I told11. Johnson: What bad luck that we thefootball match in the last 3 minutes.Thomas: Especially when we sohard in the past years.A. had lost;trained B.were losing; had rainedC. have lost; havetrained D.lost; have been training12. Melissa: Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.Mary: I comingto visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.A. hadthoughtof B.thought ofC. have been thinkingof D.have thought of13. Tom: Miss Jones musicat Eton School for ten years.Sarah: No wonder I oftenhear her singing in her garden.A.teachers B.used to teach C. isteaching D. has been teaching14. Tracy: I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we herefor over half an hour and nobody ourorder yet.John: I suppose you areright.A. have been waiting; hastaken B. have beenwaiting; tookC. have been waited; hastaken D.have waited; took15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they theirexperiment.A. finished B.have finished C. hadfinished D. will finish16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I timeto play since the new year.A.haven’t B. don’thave C. haven’thad D. don’t have had17. By now students in Grade One 1,700English words and phrases.A. shouldlearn B. havelearned C. learned D. learn18. I myhistory this time yesterday. Now I allmy work for today.A. reviewed; haddone B.was reviewing; had doneC. was reviewing; havedone D.reviewed; have done19. I unexplainedthings recently and I even somewriting.A. have been researching; havestarted B. have researched; had startedC. have been researching;have been starting D. have beenresearched; have started20. Tom: Where have you been? I youthe whole day.Kate: I was in the libraryreading magazines.A. havebeen telephoning B.had telephonedC.telephoned D.was telephoned21. The boss yetwhen and where to take her paid holiday.A. hasdecided B.didn’t decide C. hasn’tdecided D.hadn’t decided22. Jane: How are you today?Ben: Oh, I thisill in a long time.A. didn’tfeel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’tfeel D.haven’t felt23. Shirley abook about China last year but I don’t know whether she hasfinished it.A. haswritten B.wrote C. hadwritten D. waswriting24. Peter: Hi, Tracy, you look tried.Tracy: I am tired. I theliving room all day.A.painted B. hadpainted C.have been painting D. havepainted25. I don’t really work here. I untilthe new secretary arrives.A. just helpout B.have just help outC. am just helping out D.will just help out26. The price ,but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.A. wentdown B.will go down C. has gonedown D. was going down27. I wonder why Jenny usrecently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn’twritten B.doesn’t write C. won’twrite D. hadn’t written28. The high building is reported to downlast month.A. betorn B. have beentorn C.tear D. havetorn29. – Who is Jerry Cooper?-- ?I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.A. Don’t you meet himyet B.Didn’t you meet him yetC. Haven’t you met himyet D.Hadn’t you met him yet30. I mywashing machine the whole morning. I must get t done beforenoon.A. have repaired B.am repairing C.will repair D. have beenrepairing31. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago.I wellsince then.A. haven’t beensleeping B. haven’tsleep C. didn’t sleep D.don’t sleep32. Experts forYetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still one.A. have looked; haven’t beenfinding B. have looked; haven’t been foundC. arelooking; haven’t beenfound D. have been looking; haven’t found. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. The aliens say they come from zeton and (travel)for 2 years2. How many times you (swim)in the sea?3. How long thechildren (play)computer games?4. They (visit)this national park twice this month.5. They (tour)Paris for 2 weeks. They are going back home next week.6. She never (read)any book about Stonehenge before.7. Jim (read)a book about the Loch Ness Monster this morning, and he’ll getthrough soon.8. I (notbe) so delighted since I (enjoy)myself last.9. But no evidence of life (discover)in any of these planet so far.10. – Will someone go and get Dr. White?-- He already (send)for.答案BAADD ；ABDCA ；DCDAB ；CBCAA； CDDCC； CABCD；AD1． have been traveling 2.have; swum 3. have; been playing 4. have visited5 . have been touring6. has; read 7. has beenreading 8. have not been; enjoyed 9. has beendiscovered 10.has; been sent
