情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的詞義,表示語氣的單詞,不能獨立作謂語。情態(tài)動詞主要有can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare(dared), shall(should), will (would)must。
情態(tài)動詞要記牢;動詞原形來跟梢。
不管人稱單復數;現在過去樂逍遙。
can表能力和許可;也許可能may來表;
必須一定must;should應該來報到。
英語情態(tài)動詞用法順口溜
回答不須needn’t;mustn’t為不必要。
否定只要接not;疑問趕緊往前跑。
can (could),may (might)的用法
can (could) 表示說話人能,可以,同意,準許,以及客觀條件許可,could 為 can 的過去式。
Can you pass me the books?你能給我遞一下書嗎?
Could you help me,please?請問,你能幫助我嗎?
What can you do?你能干點什么呢?
Can you be sure?你有把握嗎?
can 和could 只能用于現在式和過去式兩種時態(tài),將來時態(tài)用 be able to 來表示。
He could help us at all.他完全可以幫助我們。
With the teacher's help,I shall be able to speak English correctly.由于老師的幫助,我將能準確地講英語。
may (might) 可以,表示說話人同意,許可或請求對方許可。
You may take the book home.你可以把書帶回家去.
May I come in?我可以進來嗎?
May I use your dictionary?我可以用你的詞典嗎?
You may put on more clothes.你可以多穿點衣服.
He said he might lend us some money.他說他可以借給我們一些錢。
may 否定式為 may not,縮寫形式是 mayn't.
might 是may 的過去式,有兩種用法,一種表示過去式,一種表示虛擬語氣,使語氣更加委婉,客氣或對可能性的懷疑。
He told me he might be here on time.他說他能按時間來。
Might I borrow some money now.我可以借點錢嗎?
He might be alive.他可能還活著。
must,need,ought to,dare (dared)用法
Must 必須,應該,一定,準是,表示說話人認為有必要做某事,命令,要求別人做某事以及對事物的推測。
must 用來指一般現在時和一般將來時,過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。
I must finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。
You mustn't work all the time. 你不能老是工作。
Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎?
After such a long walk,you must be tired. 走了這么長的路,你一定困了。
He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。
He had to go because of somebody's calling him that day. 那天他要走是因為有人叫他。
must + have + 過去分詞,表示現在對過去事物的推測。
He must have told my parents about it.他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。
He must have received my letter now.他現在一定收到我的信了。
It's six o'clock already,we must have been late again.已經六點鐘了,我們一定又遲到了。
must 和 have to 的區(qū)別:must 表示說話人的主觀思想,have to 表示客觀需要。
You must do it now.你必需現在就干。(說話人認為必須現在干)
I have to go now.我得走了。(客觀條件必須現在走)
need 需要 多用在否定式或疑問句中.
Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?我需要明天參加會議嗎?
You need not hand in the paper this week.這一周你不必交論文。
need 是一個情態(tài)動詞,用法完全和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,但 need 還可當作實義動詞使用,這時 need 就象其他動詞一樣,有第三人稱,單復數,后面加帶 to 的動詞等特性。
I need a bike to go to school.我上學需要一輛自行車。
Do you need a dictionary?你需要詞典嗎?
She needs a necklace.她需要一條項鏈。
needn't + have + 過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。
You needn't have taken it seriously.這件事情你不必太認真。
dare 敢, 多用在否定或疑問句中。
The little girl dare not speak in public.小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。
Dare you catch the little cat?你敢抓小貓嗎?
dare 除用作情態(tài)動詞外,更多的是當實義動詞使用,用法同實義動詞一樣,要考慮人稱,單復數,時態(tài)等。
Do you dare to walk in the dark?你敢黑夜走路嗎?
He doesn't dare to tell the teacher what happened that day.他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。
have to,ought ,will ,Shall,should . ought 應當,應該 后面跟帶有 to 的動詞不定式。
You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar.如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應該讀這些書。
You ought to bring the child here.你應該把孩子帶來。
ought + to have done 句型。指過去動作,表示一件事情該做而未做。
You ought to have been here yesterday.你昨天就應該來。
ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。
You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room.你不應該把書帶出閱覽室。
will (would)決心,愿望。would 為 will 的過去式,
可用于各人稱。
I'll do my best to catch up with them.我要盡全力趕上他們。
I'll never do it again,that's the last time.我再不會做那件事情了,這是最后一次。
He said he would help me.他說他會幫助我。
will,would用于疑問句表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉,客氣。
It's hot. Will you open the windows?天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎?
Will you help me to work it out?你能幫我解這道題嗎?
Would you like some coffee?給你來點咖啡怎樣?
Shall,should表示命令,警告,允諾,征求,勸告,建議驚奇。
You should hand in the exercise book.你應該交作業(yè)本了。
This should be no problem.這應該沒問題。
Shall we go now.我們現在可以走了嗎?
Why should I meet him?為什么我要見他?
Shall的用法:
Shall用于第一人稱,表示征求對方的意愿。如:
What shall we do this evening?
Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請示。如:
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
Shall用于第二、第三人稱,表示說話人給對方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如:
You shall fail if you don't work harder. (警告)
He shall have the book when I finish reading. (允諾)
He shall be punished. (威脅)
Should的用法:
1. Should表示義務、責任、勸告、建議,其同義詞是ought to;在疑問句中,通常用should代替ought to。如:
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含義較多,用法較活,現介紹三種其特殊用法。請看下面的句子:
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是認為最好再試一試。
② You are mistaken,I should say. 依我看,你是搞錯了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 這是我本來想問你的。
從以上例句可以看出:情態(tài)動詞should用于第一人稱時可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。
Should還可以用在if引導的條件從句,表示一件事聽起來可能性很小,但也不是完全沒有可能。相當于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由should加動詞原形構成,主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如:
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你萬一見到她,請讓她給我打個電話。
⑥ If you should change your mind,please let us know. 萬一你改變主意,請通知我們。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 萬一我明天有時間,我就來。
此外,Why(or How) + should結構表示說話人對某事不能理解,感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會”。如:
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你幾天怎么來得這么晚?
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 貝蒂住在哪里?
— How should I know? — 我怎么會知道呢?
⑩ I don't know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認為這件事是我干的。
2. “should + have + 過去分詞”結構一般表示義務,表示應該做到而實際上沒有做到,并包含一種埋怨、責備的口氣。如:She should have finished it.
I should have helped her,but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
3.表示規(guī)章制度,用should
will和would
1. 表示請求、建議等,would比will委婉客氣。如:
Would you pass me the book?
2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如:
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 過去分詞”的結構表示推測,主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對目前情況的推測,后者表示對已經完成的動作或事態(tài)的推測。如:
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4.will表示習慣、請求,固有性質等。
Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.(習慣)
Will you help me with my English?(請求)
The door won't open. (固有性質)
5.Would可表示過去反復發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。Would表過去習慣時比used to正式,并沒有“現已無此習慣”的含義。如:
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week。
6. 表料想或猜想。如:
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
ought to
1.Ought to表示應該。如:
You ought to take care of him.
2.表示推測。注意與must表示推測時的區(qū)別:
He must be at home by now. (斷定他已到家)
He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定)
This is where the oil must be. (比較直率)
This is where the oil ought to be. (比較含蓄)
3.“ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應做某事而實際未做。如:
You ought to have asked him (but you didn't).
這時,ought to和should可以互相換用。
注意:在美國英語中,ought to用于否定句和疑問句時,to可以省略。如:
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn't smoke so much.
ought和should的區(qū)別:
1.ought語氣略強。
2.should較常用。
3.ought在美國英語中用的很少,而should卻相當常用。
4.ought屬正式用語。
注:由于ought to 沒有過去式,所以在直接引語變間接引語的過程中,就不再變化.
聯(lián)系客服