(一)知識講解
代詞
顧名思義,代詞是用來代替名詞、名詞短語或句子的詞。代詞可分為:人稱代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞和不定代詞等。
一、人稱代詞
人稱代詞不僅僅指人,也可以指事或物。
第三人稱的人稱代詞分陽性he(him),陰性she(her)和中性it(it),復(fù)數(shù)和賓語形式都只有一個形式they和them,不分性別。
選用什么人稱代詞,取決于所要代替的名詞。在數(shù)和性上要與所代替的名詞保持一致。
二、物主代詞
物主代詞是用來表示所有關(guān)系的,分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前作定語,相當(dāng)于形容詞;名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,相當(dāng)于名詞,可以作主語、表語或賓語。
物主代詞的用法:
(1)形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前作定語。例如:
His pencil box is on the desk.
This is our school.
(2)名詞性物主代詞作名詞用,本身就相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”,因此,后面不可再加名詞。
作主語:
Richard’s school bag is blue and mine is black. 理查德的書包是藍(lán)色的,我的書包是黑色的。(mine=my school bag)
作表語:
It’s his. 這是他的(東西)。
作賓語:
He borrows your dictionary and you may borrow mine. 他借你的字典,你可以借我的。(作及物動詞的賓語)
“of+名詞性物主代詞”可以放在名詞后作定語,表示強(qiáng)調(diào):
He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一個朋友。
注意:
試比較下面兩句句子:
This is a photo of mine. 這是我的一張照片。(照片是我擁有的,但不一定照的是我本人)
This is a photo of me. 這是一張我本人的照片。(照片上是我本人)
三、反身代詞
反身代詞用于所強(qiáng)調(diào)的動作與動作執(zhí)行者的關(guān)系。通常在句中作表語、賓語和同位語。
四、指示代詞
(一)指示代詞是具有指示概念的代詞
this 這; that 那; these 這些; those 那些; such 如此的; same 同樣的
(二)指示代詞的用法
(1)this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
(2)such 一般在句子中作定語或主語。such “這樣的”,such a 這樣一個,such as 像…這樣的。
(3)same 可作定語、表語、主語和賓語。
例如:
That is our English teacher. (主語)
This storybook is thicker than that one. (定語)
I prefer this (these) to that (those). (賓語)
What he likes best is this/that. (表語)
I have never read such an exciting book. (定語)
I like such sports as basketball and swimming. (定語)
Such is our trip plan. (主語) (指上文提到過或剛說過的內(nèi)容)。
She wants the book and I want the same. (賓語)
We were born on the same day. (定語)
注意:
this、 these 指空間上離說話人較近的人或物,可以與 here 連用;that、 those 指空間上離說話人較遠(yuǎn)的人或物,可以與 there 連用。
打電話或其他場合,本人這一方用 this 或 these. 反之用 that 或 those。
such 作定語時,如名詞前有不定冠詞,應(yīng)把such置于不定冠詞之前 。
在 same 之前必須加冠詞 the。
五、疑問代詞
1.Who 用于詢問別人姓名,身份或關(guān)系。What 用于詢問別人職業(yè)。
2.Which 指的物有范圍限制,側(cè)重于哪一個;What 指的物無范圍限制,側(cè)重于種類。
3.Whose 用于明確所有者。whom 在口語中,多為 who 代替。
六、不定代詞
不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有all, both, each, every, some, any, many, much, (a)few, (a)little, one, ones, either, neither, other, another, no, none以及含有some-, any-, no-等的合成代詞(如:anybody, something, no one)。這些不定代詞大多可以代替名詞,在句子中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。但none和由some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞(如somebody等)只能作主語、賓語和表語。而every和no只能作定語。
(二)[基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)]
1. When you introduce me to Mr. Johnson, could you please say for me?
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
答案:C
考點(diǎn):考查不定代詞的辨析
解析:句子的意思是當(dāng)你向Mr. John介紹我的時候,你可以為我說一些好話嗎? A. everything 所有的;B. anything 任何事;D nothing 什么也沒有 C. something表示一些,某些
2. If our parents do everything for us children, we won't learn to depend on
A. themselves B. them C. us D. ourselves
答案:D
考點(diǎn):本題考查反身代詞
解析:主語為we,因此應(yīng)為ourselves. depend on oneself:自力更生。根據(jù)句意,選D。
3. You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
答案:C.
考點(diǎn):本題考查不定代詞的用法。
解析:句意為“你是球隊(duì)明星!與他人合作必須是你喜歡做的事?!绷?xí)語“one’s cup of tea”意為“the type of thing or person that you like”。
4. Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age.
A. it B. that C. what D. one
答案:D
考點(diǎn):本題考查代詞的用法。
解析:句意應(yīng)為“幫助別人是一種習(xí)慣,一個你在很小時就能學(xué)會的習(xí)慣?!笨崭裉幣c前句中的habit構(gòu)成同位關(guān)系,所以選擇D項(xiàng)。句中you can learn even at an early age是省略了關(guān)系代詞that 的定語從句,that在定語從句中作learn的賓語使用。
5. in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.
A. Anything B. Nothing C. Everything D. Something
答案:B.
考點(diǎn):考查復(fù)合不定代詞的用法。
句意:我一生中什么都沒有我第一次參觀故宮給我的印象更深刻。
解析:nothing用于句中表示否定意義,而其他三個詞則表示肯定意義。
6. The cost of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ____ in any other area of the city.
A. that B. this C. it D. one
答案:A.
考點(diǎn):考查代詞。
解析:所填詞用于比較狀語從句中,指代句子的主語cost,即指代不可數(shù)名詞,用that。This指代下文即將提到的事物;it指代“同一物”;one指代“同類中的一個”之意。
7. On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby.
A. him B. his C. me D. mine
答案:C
考點(diǎn):考查代詞。
解析: take a photo of sb意為給某人照相,此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞的賓格。正確答案為C。
8. Neither side is prepared to talk to _________unless we can smooth things over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
答案:B
考點(diǎn):不定代詞考查。
解析: Neither含有“兩者都不”之意,一方對應(yīng)另一方,故用the other指“兩者中的另一個”。
9. He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found of them again.
A. neither B. either C. each D. all
答案B
考點(diǎn):考查代詞。
解析:由“his temper and health”可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng),由后面的never表否定,選either,never either是全部否定,相當(dāng)于neither 。
10. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A. whatever B. who C. whichever D. which
答案:A
考點(diǎn):考查關(guān)系代詞。
解析:這兒_______ used the products。是個賓語從句,從句中缺少主語,并且指人,所以用whoever.
(三)[能力提高]
1. Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number.
A of B as C by D with
答案:C.
考點(diǎn):考察介詞
解析:方式方法可以用by也可以用with, by+ n(方式), with+修飾詞+ n(工具).
2.. that’s important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
A.One B.All C.Everything D.Anything
答案:B
考點(diǎn):本題考查不定代詞。
解析:分析四個選項(xiàng)的意思,根據(jù)語境:重要的是你正在努力并且朝著正確的方向前行。從而判斷此處選擇all意思最合適。
3.Some friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Brown without hurting the feeling of , but failed .
A.none B.either C.both D.neither
答案:B
解析:either指兩者中的任何一個。
4.The best job is which uses your skill in doing something with your interest in the subject.
A.that B.the one C.one D.it
答案:C
解析:one表泛指,相當(dāng)于any job之意。
5.His sudden look of fear made _____ clear that he had something to do with the matter.
A.him B.this C.it D.that
答案:C
解析:it做形式賓語。
6.Many people have been ill with a strange disease these days, _______ we’d never heard of before.
A. one B. thathtt://www.canpoint.cn全品高C. it D. this
答案:A
解析:考查代詞。One表泛指,在這里作a strange disease的同位語。
7.— Why are yo always making such mistakes, Jack?
— Sorry. I think I was not ________ this morning.
A. myself B. for myself C. to myself B. by myself
答案:A
解析:上句的be always making表示責(zé)備對方,因此是答話人在解釋出錯的原因。Be not oneself的意思是“身體不舒適;自我感覺不好”。
8.— I saw no more than one motor—car in that shop. Will you go and buy _______?
— No, I’d rather find _______ in other shops.
A.one;one B.it;it C.one;it D.it;one
答案:D
解析:考查代詞.No more than one表示"只有一步車",只能買那一部,故第一空填it;第二空表泛指,用one。
9.— Beautiful dress for beautiful lady ! Don’t yo want ______ , Madam?
— Please show me _______. htt://www.canpoint.cn全品高
A. one; another B. it; another C. it; the other D. one; the other
答案:B
解析:it指前面提到的beautiful dress,another指另外的任何一件dress。
10.—He was early drowned in a pool.
—Oh, when was ______ exactly?
— It was in 1983 _______ he was swimming with his friends.
A. this; that B. that; when C. that; that D. what; when
答案:B
解析:考查代詞。第一空用that指前面所提到的內(nèi)容;第二空用when引導(dǎo)狀語從句,表示“當(dāng)時他在和朋友游泳”。
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