感謝二師兄團隊的精誠合作，電子海圖的操作指南終于完成了，希望駕駛員運用到實際的工作中，確保航行安全。
接上篇 10. ECDIS display modes 電子海圖系統(tǒng)顯示模式
LOOKAHEAD
Look ahead willcompare the safety settings that have been enteredin ECDIS and generatesan indication or warning where the safety settings will be breached Look ahead 。
主要的功能是對比事先設定在電子海圖的安全參數(shù)，然后在可能要違背安全設定的情況下激發(fā)警報。
請注意：
在我司的電子海圖NAVMASTER中這個LOOK AHEAD 功能是通過GUARD ZONE 來實現(xiàn)的，本身NAVMASTER也有LOOK AHEAD 菜單，但沒有執(zhí)行IMO和IHO的要求的功能，在外部檢查時，如果檢察官問LOOK AHEAD的操作，請演示GUAND ZONE而不是LOOK AHEAD。
IMO 對 LOOK AHEAD的功能要求如下：
ECDIS shall give an alarm if, within a specified look-ahead time or distance set by the mariner, own ship will cross the safety contour。
電子海圖應具備在船位將穿越安全等深線之前的預設距離或時間內(nèi)發(fā)出警報
ECDIS shall give a warning or caution, as selected by the mariner, if, within a specified look-ahead time or distance set by the mariner, own ship will cross the boundary of a prohibited area or of a geographic area for which special conditions exist。
同樣在穿越禁航區(qū)或者有特殊要求的水域前也要能夠發(fā)出警報或提醒
A caution shall be given to the mariner if, continuing on its present course and speed, over a specified look-ahead time or distance set by the mariner, own ship will pass closer than a user-specified distance from a danger (for example obstruction, wreck, rock) that is shallower than the mariner's safety contour or an aid to navigation
同樣在有可能近距離通過危險區(qū)域，比如障礙物、沉船、礁石，并且水深小于安全等深 線， 也要有警示信息′′Caution: Never switch off Look Ahead function, except in exceptional circumstances where the alarms become distracting dangerously。
注意：
不要關閉LOOKAHEAD功能，除非是在特殊情況下報警會嚴重分散或干擾駕駛員的注意力
Normally LOOK AHEAD sets the area ahead and around own ship for which to check for safe navigation. See below picture:
通常LOOKAHEAD是設定本船船首方向以及本船周圍的一部分水域來進行檢查保證安全航行
Example 1:
Guard zone( look ahead function)indication in NavmasterECDIS, if safety contour / prohibited area /obstruction/ wreck enter the zone,alarm （warningor caution）will trigger
上圖是我司NAVMASTER電子海圖設備顯示的LOOKAHEAD 設定，如果進入上個SLIDE里提到的危險水域就會報警或者警示信息
In above screenshot you will see how to set look ahead in Navmaster ECDIS, actually route monitoring alerts+ guard zone will be complete look ahead function.
在上圖所示，我們可以看到如何在NAVMASTER里設定LOOK AHEAD，實際上在這個設備里航線監(jiān)控報警加上警戒區(qū)才是一個完整的LOOK AHEAD功能
Example 2
Below pictures is how to set look ahead in Furuno ECDIS, you can easily find out the setting in Furuno is more similar with the original requirement of Look ahead function.
如上圖所示，如何在FURUNO電子海圖上設置LOOK AHEAD， 可以看出這里的設定方式會更接近LOOK AHEAD的公約要求.
11. T &P notice correction 臨告和預告改正
The AIO is designed to display temporary and preliminary information over ENCs in ECDIS to assist with passage planning.
AIO 其實就是用于在電子海圖系統(tǒng)顯示臨告和預告信息，協(xié)助航行計劃.
Most countries now include temporary information in their ENCs and it is received on the vessel as a normal ENC update or new edition. Some nations do not describe the information as 'temporary’ or 'preliminary’ in the ENCs; they simply issue updates as required
大部分國家都會在航用圖中發(fā)布臨告和預告信息，船舶每周都會收到和永久性改正一樣更新包， 其中有一些國家會直接在圖上改正，就不額外顯示臨告預告信息
Some nation providing additional information that is not already included in the ENC will be displayed using coloured polygons within AIO.
有些國家不會把臨告預告直接改正在海圖中，就會在海圖上顯示一個多邊形（通常四邊形）帶有顏色的區(qū)域表明這個位置有臨告預告，需要手動改正
UKHO will publish a notice on the status of of T&P information in ENCs on regular basis, last publish on Mar 2021, and clearly stated which countries will include T&P information in ENC,
英國水道測量局定期會發(fā)布一個關于臨告預告改正的指南“Status of T&P information in ENCs” ，上一次是在今年3月份發(fā)布的， 里面明確說明那些國家發(fā)布的航用圖會把臨告預告并入海圖中，不需要額外改正, 這個通告在海務通函02/2021可以查看，如下面通告截圖：
可以清楚的看到 中國發(fā)布的ENC就不會直接改正臨告預告，需要手動改正航線附近的通告，如果是德國發(fā)布的ENC就會直接改正，不需手動改正
From above screen shot you can see for those country marked T and P as YES, there is not necessary to correct manually, otherwise manual correction on T&P notice required for the area close to route
需要提醒的是，如果手動改正了T&P, 當通告過期時不要忘記刪除MANUAL UPDATE, 要有記錄本記錄哪張圖進行了哪些通告的改正，和紙板通告的管理是一樣的
Just be reminded that if manual update T&P notice on ECDIS, do not forgot to delete after cancelling the notice, record should be in place which chart and which notice are corrected
Make another example, as below picture shown 2152(T)/17 was valid temporary notice for the Malacca and Singapore strait waters, as per the UKHO notice, T and P notice will not be included in ENC in this water, manual correction will be needed, you should use “manual update function to do this correction
如下圖，新加坡馬六甲海峽在英國水道測量局的通告中就屬于沒有把臨告預告包括在ENC里的，所有要進行手動改正，通常使用MANUAL UPDATE 功能鍵
12. EP notice correction 臨告和預告改正
ENC Preliminary (EP) NMs highlight navigationally significant differences between ENCs and ADMIRALTY paper charts，it will not automatically corrected in ECDIS
電子海圖中的EP通告其實是顯示出電子海圖和紙板海圖通告的差異，這種通告并不會直接改正在電子海圖上，需要參考相應的紙板海圖通告進行手動更改
13. Track recall 調(diào)取航跡
In previous，voyage recording I had explained IMO requirement for past voyage data recording and track recall, here I will not state further, I would like to explain the procedure for recalling track for NAVMASTER ECDIS
在公總號第一篇電子海圖的航行記錄里有明確說明船上應具備存取相關航跡的要求，再次不具體描述，本頁來解釋下如何調(diào)取航跡，針對船隊的NAVMASTER 電子海圖設備
Remember that normally you will be able to recall the whole voyage track in one log, but due to some reason, you may need to open multiple log to show the whole route track, maximum days of indicating track without recall is 72 hour(3 days)
正常情況下船上應該可以在一個LOG里調(diào)取整個航次的航跡，實際工作中由于某些原因需要開啟多了LOG才能把整個航次的航跡調(diào)取出來，在外部檢查中可能會比較被動，需要駕駛員了解本船的實際情況，做好應對和解釋
As below picture shown, normally positions shown could be set maximum 72 hour, and track indicating the same duration, recommended to set 72hour,
如下圖所示，在顯示船位航跡設定時，通常要選取最大的時長72小時
注意 Attention:
In Navmaster ECDIS if ECDIS does not be closed accidentally the log will remain one log, otherwise multiple logs will be occurred, it is not convenient to present to inspector, the basic rule is one voyage open one log( one port to another port )
在NAVMASTER電子海圖中如果軟件沒有意外關閉通常LOG不會關閉新建新的LOG， 如果系統(tǒng)意外關閉，再開啟就會自動建立新的LOG， 這樣在外部檢查實際是是不利的，容易被開缺陷， 基本的原則是一個航次只開一個LOG， 或者一個港到下一個港也可以
14. Scamin
Scamin is an abbreviation of Scale Minimum, The SCAMIN value of an object determines the display scale below which the object is no longer visible on ECDIS. The purpose of SCAMIN is to reduce the amount of clutter displayed to the ECDIS user.
SCAMIN是最小比例尺的意思，主要指的是當海圖比例尺小于設定的比例尺，某些圖標或特征就不再顯示在海圖上，從而減小使用者看到的過多信息，影響安全航行
For example, an object with a SCAMIN value of 50,000, indicating a scale of 1/50,000, will not be
shown on a display of 1/60,000
舉個例子如果一個物標的SCAMIN設定的比例尺是1/50000， 那么在比例尺1/60000時就會顯示了
During the passage planning stage, we do not want to miss any of the features or buoy, etc as we do
not want to have our courses run over these.
在航線設計的階段， 我們不希望忽略掉一些重要信息比如浮筒等，防止實際航行中進入危險區(qū)域
During navigation, we can keep the SCAMIN to “on” to declutter the ECDIS screen
在實際航行中，為了過濾掉過多信息，建議保持開啟
In some ECDIS model, may have Scamin/Scamax setting
在某些電子海圖設備中，可能會有最大和最小顯示比例尺的選擇。此處大家要理解清楚，什么時候勾選什么時候不勾選，不要搞混了，在外部檢查時是必查項目，駕駛員都要熟悉
15. Replay voyage data (VDR Playback)
Normally this function only be conducted at Admin user account, after logging in, go to tool menu, select playback.
目前我司的NAVMASTER 電子海圖設備需要在管理員賬號下進入菜單進行測試
16. Position Verification means and interval 船位核對方式和間隔
( for ships which ECDIS as primary means of navigation）
電子海圖為主要航行方式的船舶
a.Basically speaking, considering the position in ECDIS can be seen in real time, we should stop talking position fixing, it should be called position verification since the position of vessel is well known (position already appeared on ECDIS screen)
通常來說， 考慮到電子海圖上的船位已經(jīng)實時顯示，以前我們紙版海圖中說的定位應該改為核對船位
b.But The bridge team should avoid becoming over-reliant on ECDIS. Regular cross-checks should be carried out to verify the accuracy of ECDIS position-fixing system (normally GPS) by other available means：
但是駕駛臺班組應該避免過度依賴電子海圖， 包括實時顯示的GPS 船位，仍然需要通過以下多
種方式和途徑來核對電子定位系統(tǒng)的船位精度：
Parallel indexing and use of clearing bearing 平行線和方位避險線
Radar range and bearing 雷達距離和方位
Visual cross bearings 目視方位
Regular check on signal to noise ratio of the GPS system in use
定期的檢查GPS系統(tǒng)的噪音比例信號
Plotting positions on the ECDIS using electronic LOP from visual/radar bearing and ranges to compare the position from GPS.
使用LOP工具 以目視、雷達方位距離來定位的方式核對GPS的船位
Radar overlay 雷達疊加信號
Celestial observation 天體觀測
Other means 其他方式
目前按照公司的體系要求， 開敞水域每小時核對船位， 沿岸水域和港口水域每20分鐘核對船位， 如果電子海圖系統(tǒng)失效，使用備用系統(tǒng)電子海圖的話，按照公司體系的要求SQI-122進行定位
Currently as per company requirement, in open water verify position every hour, in coastal / port water every 20min verify position, if ECDIS failure, paper chart as back up system, the position fixing means and interval requirement in company procedure SQI-122 should be complied。
17. CATZOC 海圖精度
Category Zone of Confidence (CATZOC) are the values that used to highlight the accuracy of data presented on charts。
lBased upon the error in position and depth, the accuracy data is divided into 6 zones of confidence
(CATZOC). See above picture
基于位置和水深的精度CATZOC 分為6個等級，如上圖
lSo we have to understand the CATZOC not only referring to depth, but also to position, so while
passage planning, CATZOC should applied to UKC calculation, and CATZOC position accuracy should
applied to dangerous objects clearance, such as wreck, shallow waters, obstruction, etc
我們必須清楚CATZOC不僅涉及到水深精度，同時也包括位置精度，所有在計算UKC 富裕水深的時候要考慮CATZOC, 在航線設計階段決定危險物的距離時也要考慮在內(nèi)，比如距離沉船，淺水區(qū)域， 障礙物等
lAfter applying CATZOC calculation into UKC, the result should comply with company UKC policy.
在考慮海圖精度后計算的富裕水深要符合公司UKC 政策
lAfter taking position accuracy into account ship should have sufficient clearance from danger, and
for ZOC D and U accuracy, we should follow below:
在考慮位置精度后船舶要保持與危險物有足夠的安全距離，當精度是D 或者U 的時候應遵循以下原則：
a.minimum keep 10 nm from danger for open water
開敞水域保持至少10海里
a.Minimum keep 5nm from danger for coastal water
沿岸水域保持至少5海里
18. CATZOC D and U
If vessel can’t keep clear from CATZOC D/U waters, as per company procedure following action need to be taken：
如果船舶航行水域不能避開海圖精度為D和U 的水域，根據(jù)公司程序以下措施應采?。?/span>
a. For UKC greater than 50% of ship’s static draft 對UKC大于船舶靜態(tài)吃水的50%
Keep Echo Sounder on 保持測深儀開啟
Monitor UKC Continuously 保持持續(xù)監(jiān)控UKC
b. For UKC less than 50% of ship’s static draft對UKC小于船舶靜態(tài)吃水的50%
Risk assessment need to be conducted and seek approval from head office for transiting this water。需要實施風險評估，并由公司批復。
All control measures and factors to be considered had been stated in company procedure SQI-140 which mentioned in next page should comply
體系規(guī)定的控制措施和需要考慮的因素需要遵循，請見下圖具體要求
Below picture showed CATZOC all categories covering percentage in the world water, just for reference。下面的圖片列舉了全球水域海圖精度的分布比例
Company requirement on CATZOC U and D (UKC<50% draft)
公司體系關于精度U和D的措施要求
Consideration should be given to the possible applicability of the below given controls in reaching such a decision: 應考慮一下因素：
Up-to-date Navigational Charts Scale for the inland / port waters, if in open water
take home chart should be referred, if in coastal water office may obtain paper
chart information from contracted paper chart supplier
是否有紙版海圖，可以跟協(xié)議供應商申請或索取掃描版：
Other relevant Nautical Publications 其他航海圖書
Caution Notes such as (Navarea messages, Navtex warnings, etc.)
航行警告和大區(qū)航警
Bottom quality / nature of the sea bottom 底質(zhì)
State of the water (calm or rough) 海況
Control of transit speed (to minimise squat) 通過速度
Accuracy of the ship’s draught 吃水精度
Channel transit during high water 是否可以高潮時經(jīng)過
Manoeuvrability of the vessel 船舶自身操縱性
Any other operational constraints that may be applicable due to vessel’s UKC
因為UKC的要求，其他的操作限制可能會申請
General and expected movement of traf?c in the area. 船舶交通流
Additional measures could include information obtained by Local Authorities such as the Harbour Master, Port Agent and Pilot regarding:還可以采取額外的措施，包括向港方、代理及引航站獲取必要的信息：
Date of the most recent dredging 最近航道疏浚的日期
Maximum allowed arrival/departure draft 允許的最大抵離港吃水
Most recent deepest arrival / departure draft (arrival and safe berthing of vessels
of similar size and draft establishes a degree of safety for the transit under pre-
vailing environmental conditions) 同類型船舶近期通過的情況
Latest sounding report 最近的測繪報告
Please note this is not an exhaustive list and other information may be requested.
When the pilot boards the vessel, the Master should present the passage plan to the pilot along with the UKC calculation of the transit. The Master should bring to the attention of the pilot the parts of the transit through shallow waters and discuss in detail the following points:
當引水登輪要和引水精確計算UKC 和低精度水域的通過計劃，并包括以下方面：
the ship’s dynamic UKC 船舶的動態(tài)富裕水深
the uncertainties derived by the ZOC category of the Navigational chart covering
the transit. 水深精度帶來的不確定性
19. Expired chart permit management
It is highly recommended that once the permit expires the ENCs should be manually deleted. It would reduce the chances of using outdated ENCs.
目前體系沒有要求，這里強烈建議一旦海圖許可過期過，立即刪除相應的ENC許可，否則過期的海圖可能被誤用，危及航行安全
請注意：
過期的海圖單元在海圖每周更新時并不會安裝海圖更新
Be noted that expired ENC cell will not subject to weekly update.
20 .Cyber precaution while updating ENC
更新電子海圖時的網(wǎng)絡安全考量
for single ECDIS ships: handover notes for updating should pass to officer took over the watch in order to remind reliever to monitor furtherly
對單套電子海圖的船舶來說，更新電子海圖后要交代給接班駕駛員保持關注工況
for dual ECDIS ships: Update one ECDIS first, and handover notes for updating should pass to officer took over the watch，only after at least 12 hours later update the secondary ECDIS.
對安裝雙套電子海圖的船舶來說， 首先更新一臺電子海圖，然后接班駕駛員要保持 監(jiān)控實
際工況，至少間隔12小時以上再更新另一臺電子海圖，并通知相關值班駕駛員的海圖更新狀態(tài)
21 . ECDIS failure 電子海圖失效
See above flowchart, actions to be taken in case of ECDIS failure had been clearly stated
如上圖，電子海圖失效包括雙套電子海圖失效的措施已說明的很清楚
Basically following steps should be follow:
The 'Officer of the Navigational Watch (OOW) shall immediately call the Master and inform
the Engine Officer on duty 駕駛員立即通知船長和機艙
Put M/Engines on notice and reduce speed 備車降速
Refer to available paper chart, plot vessel's position 參照紙版海圖，定位
Activate Radar Maps if available 激活雷達海圖
Carry out Navigational Risk Assessment and contact office to decide next course of action.
實施風險評估，聯(lián)系公司請求協(xié)助
Contact with equipment manufacturer and service provider to solve the problem聯(lián)系設備廠家和服務公司問題解決
后續(xù)二師兄會隨著知識的更新以及檢查的要求，陸續(xù)更新電子海圖的使用要求。
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