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一、名 詞

表示某一事物，有具體的和抽象的之分。分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。

強調(diào)：不可數(shù)名詞都默認為單數(shù)，所以總是用is或者was；最好不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷，以免受誤導(dǎo)。

1、可數(shù)名詞如何變“復(fù)數(shù)形式”：

a．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；讀音：清輔音后讀，濁輔音和元音后讀[z]。

b．以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；讀音：[iz]。

c．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；讀音：[z]。

d．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；讀音：[z]。

e．以“o”結(jié)尾的詞，分兩種情況

1）有生命的+es

讀音：[z]

如：mango-mangoes   tomato-tomatoes    hero-heroes

2) 無生命的+s

讀音：[z]

如：photo-photos  radio-radios

f. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,mouse-mice,child-children,foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

2、不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)。如果要計算不可數(shù)名詞所表達的數(shù)量，就得在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice

判斷步驟：

                                                  ↗如是am、is或was→原形

讀句子→讀該單詞→認識該單詞→理解意思→看be動詞

                                                  ↘如是are或were→加s或es

練一練：

1、寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

I _________ him _________ this _______  her ______ watch _______ mango____child _______ photo ________ diary ______   day_______ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______   box_______  strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______  man ______woman _______leaf_______   people________

2、用所給名詞的正確形式填空。

（1）Are there two( box ) on the table?

（2）I can see some ( people ) in the cinema.

（3）How many ( day ) are there in a week?

（4）Here’re five( bottle ) of   ( juice ) for you.

（5）This( violin ) is hers. Those( grape ) are over there.

二、冠  詞

冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。
1、不定冠詞：a、an。用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個，一件……”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。如： an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour…
2、定冠詞：the。用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。the沒有具體意思，有時翻譯為這、那。它的基本用法：
  （1）用來表示特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.
  （2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.
  （3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.
  （4）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun太陽  the moon月亮  the earth地球
  （5）用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長城
  （6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。如：the Changjiang River長江
  （7）此外，序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、樂器名稱等詞前面和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class
確定用a、an還是the時可根據(jù)漢語意思。
練一練：
1、用a或an填空。

____ “U”  ____ ice-cream     ____  goalkeeper    ____ teapot    ____apple  ____office ____English book  ____umbrella____ unit ____hour            
2、根據(jù)需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。
（1）Who is ____girl behind ____tree?
（2） ____old man has two children, ____ son and ____daughter.
（3）This is  ____ orange.   ____ orange is Lucy’s.
（4）He likes playing ____guitar. We have ____same hobby.
（5）We all had____good time last Sunday.
（6）She wants to be____doctor.

三，數(shù) 詞

我們學(xué)過兩類：基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少，而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別：基數(shù)詞前面沒有“the”；序數(shù)詞前一定要有“the”。
1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21  twenty-one
2、三位數(shù)以上的則需要在百位數(shù)后再加上and。如：101  a/one hundred and one
3、用基數(shù)詞來修飾可數(shù)名詞時，一定別忘了它的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：十八個男孩  eighteen boys
4、用基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時，如是復(fù)數(shù)，變它的量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。

如：兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice
5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”，特殊的有：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth以及二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth… “第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序

數(shù)詞。如：88  eighty-eighth
練一練：
1、請翻譯下列短語。
（1）60名學(xué)生                           
（2）15本英語書                              
（3）九杯涼水                             
（4）4個孩子                                
（5）12月31                              
（6）6月2日                                 
（7）第九周                              
  （8）40年前                                 

（9）11+7                                 
（10）上學(xué)第一天                           
2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞。
one---     two---   three---      nine---      fourteen---    twenty---       thirty-five---    eighty-one

四、代  詞

代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。
1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。
2、人稱代詞的主格在句中做主語，一般用在動詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格在句中做賓語，多

用于動詞、介詞后。
3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。
4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：
   This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers.
一般看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。
    請牢記下表：

練一練：
1、按要求寫出相應(yīng)人稱代詞。
I（賓格）_______      she（形容詞性物主代詞）_______    we（名詞性物主代詞）_______ he（復(fù)數(shù)）_______            us（單數(shù)）_______            theirs（主格）_______ its（賓格）_______

2、想一想，把下表補充完整。

3、用所給詞的適當形式填空。
1）That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I )
2）The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3）Is this _________ watch? ( you ) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4）_________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5）_________ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _________? ( you )
6）Show _________ your kite, OK? ( they )
7）I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it )
8）Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they )
9）Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we )
10）_________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________is a nurse. ( she )
11）Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they )
12）Don’t touch _________. _________is not a cat, _________ is a tiger! ( it )
13）_________ sister is ill. Please go and see _________. ( she )
14）The girl behind _________ is our friend. ( she )

五、形容詞、副詞

1、形容詞表示某一事物或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。比較級：+er  最高級：the …+est兩個重要特征：as……as中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。

2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化如下：

（1）一般直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結(jié)尾，只加-r。如：late - later

（2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，須雙寫這個字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger,

 fat - fatter

（3）以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier

（4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應(yīng)在原級前加more構(gòu)成。如：beautiful - more beautiful,

careful - more careful, quietly - more quietly, interesting - more interesting

（5）有些不規(guī)則變化的，須逐一加以記憶。如：good/well – better, bad/ill – worse, many/much – more, far – farther/further, old – older/elder…

練一練：

1、寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。

big     good    long    tall    old    short    thin    heavy    young   fat     light     strong    high     far     low     early     late    well      fast     slow

2、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。

1) I can swim as _______ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.

2) Look! His hands are _______  ( big ) than mine.

3) I think you do these things_______ ( well ) than your classmates.

4) Whose bag is _______ ( heavy ), yours or mine?

5) Does Jim run as _______（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_______ ( slow ) than them.

6) You have seven books, but I have _______ ( many ) than you. I have ten.

7) I jump _______ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.

8) I’m very_______ ( thin ), but she’s _______ ( thin ) than me.

9) It gets _______and_______ ( warm ) when spring comes here.

六、介  詞

1、一種虛詞。不能單獨作句子成分，它只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能在句子中起作用。

有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…

2、表示時間的介詞有：at, on, in。

（1）at表示“在某一個具體的時間點上”，或用在固定詞組中。如：at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…

（2）on表示“在某日或某日的時間段”。如：on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…

（3）in表示“在某一段時間（月份、季節(jié)）里”。如：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…

3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配，如：in blue（穿著藍色的衣服），in English（用英語表達），take part in（參加）。

練一練：

1、選用括號內(nèi)恰當?shù)慕樵~填空。

1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?

2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.

3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.

4) He doesn’t do well  _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.

5) Look at those birds  _______ ( on, in ) the tree.

6) We are going to meet  _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop  _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.

7) Is there a cat    _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?

8) Helen’s writing paper is  _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.

9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.

10) Does it often rain   _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?

2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當?shù)慕樵~，并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。

1) Jim is good in English and Maths.        2) The films were in the ground just now.         

3) They are talking to their plans.          4) How many students have their birthdays on May?

5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.    6) I can jog to school on the morning.

7) Did you water trees at the farm?         8) Can you come and help me on my English? 

9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.  10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?   

七、動  詞

這里所說的動詞是指各種動詞總稱，其中包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞不太容易區(qū)分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法：先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個、一張等）和這個詞連起來說，如說得通，一般認為是名詞；說不通再用“很”去判斷，就是把“很”和為個詞連起來說，說得通一般就是形容詞；都說不通就是動詞。（目前我們學(xué)過的，以后可能不同）（另外一些很明顯的，如人稱代詞、數(shù)詞、情態(tài)動詞等一下就可以知道）

1、be動詞（ am, is, are, was, were ）

1）am—was, is –was, are--were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。

2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not)long. Her eyes are(not) small.

3）一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.    Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

4）be動詞的否定形式：am not（沒有縮寫形式），are not = aren’t ，is not = isn’t 。

用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空。

練一練：

    1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。

1）I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.       2）The girl______ Jack's sister.

3）The dog _______ tall and fat.               4）The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.

5）______ your brother in the classroom?       6）How _______ your father?

7）Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.          8）Whose dress ______ this?

9）Whose socks ______ they?                          10）Who ______ I?  

11）The jeans ______ on the desk.                     12）Here ______ a scarf for you.  

13）Here ______ some sweaters for you.            14）The black gloves ______ for Su Yang.   

15）This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling.    16）The two cups of milk _____ for me.

17）Some tea ______ in the glass.            18）Gao shan's shirt _______ over there.   

19）My sister's name ______Nancy.          20）______ David and Helen from England?     21）There ______ a girl in the room.                  22）There ______ some apples on the tree.    23）_______ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _______ some bread on the plate.

25）You, he and I ______ from China.

26）There _______ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park.

2、助動詞（ do, does, did ）

do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。它們通常用在疑問句和否定句中。它們的否定形式：do not = don’t, does not = doesn’t, did not = didn’t。

注意：在一般現(xiàn)在時中，does用于第三人稱單數(shù)，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do, does, did后面一定要用動詞原形。

練習(xí)

1、用適當?shù)闹鷦釉~填空。

1) ______you like this magazine?   

2) The girl______like bread for breakfast.

3) ---What ______ she ______ at the weekends? ---She usually plays games with her friends.

4) ---Wha______ you do last Sunday? ---I wrote to my friend.

5) ---Did you see a Beijing opera? ---No, I ______.

6) He ______not visit a farm last National Day holiday.  

7) They______ not like playing volleyball.

8) --- ______Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? ---Yes, he     .

9) ______Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?

10) ---How many kites ______we have? ---We have ten.

2、找出下列句子中的錯誤，將序號填入題前括號內(nèi)，并改正。

(      ) 1)           Did you had a big lunch with your family last Spring Festival?

                    A       B           C

(      ) 2)         ---What do the boy have in his pencil-box? ---He has a rubber.

       A         B                     C

(      ) 3)        They doesn’t like the film. 

A    B    C     

(      ) 4)        Do Jim get up at six everyday?

                  A      B          C

(      ) 5)        Don't giving the ball to Liu Tao.

                   A    B         C

3、情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞也是一類特殊的動詞，平時我們不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。

我們現(xiàn)在學(xué)過的情態(tài)動詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must。

注意：情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。（不受其他任何條件影響）其否定形式：can not = can’t, must not = mustn’t, …   注意：may not和shall not（無縮寫形式）

練一練：

選擇填空。

(      ) 1) The sign on the wall means you       ______stay away from the building.

          A. must           B. can’t           C. shouldn't

(      ) 2) How many books ______ you see on the desk?   A. may     B. can     C. should

(      ) 3) It means you  ______ make noise in the library. A. should    B. shouldn't   C. can

(      ) 4) --- _____you like a glass of milk? --- Yes, please.  A. May    B. Could   C. Would

(      ) 5) --- ______you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t. A. Can  B. Can’t  C. Should

(      ) 6)  ______ we go to the park by bus?      A. May       B. Must       C. Shall

  4、行為動詞

   就是我們平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞（也叫動名詞）+ing、過去式+ed。

    （1）動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則：

A、一般直接加“s”，如：play – plays, visit – visits, speak – speaks ；

B、以“s”，“x”，“sh”，“ch”結(jié)尾時，加“es”，如：catch – catches, watch – watches ；

C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“es”，如：carry – carries, study – studies 。

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞（動名詞）構(gòu)成規(guī)則：

A、一般直接加“ing”，如：go – going, do – doing, look – looking ；

B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾的單詞，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take – taking, make – making, have – having ；

C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”，如：

put – putting, stop – stopping, run – running, get – getting, swim – swimming, sit – sitting, begin – beginning, jog – jogging, forget – forgetting 。

（3）過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則：

A、一般直接加“ed”，如：plant – planted, visit – visited, pick – picked ；

B、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾，直接加“ed”，如：like – liked, hope – hoped, taste – tasted ；

C、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“ed”，如：try – tried, carry – carried, study – studied ；

D、有些動詞要雙寫最后一個字母，再加“ed”，如：stop – stopped ；

E、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的，請記憶：

是-am(be)-was-being；          是-are(be)-were-being；        是-be-was, were-being；

成為-become-became-becoming；開始-begin-began-beginning；   彎曲-bend-bent-bending；

吹-blow-blew-blowing；         買-buy-bought-buying；        能-can-could-----；

捕捉-catch-caught-catching；選擇-choose-chose-choosing；來-come-came-coming；

切-cut-cut-cutting；做-do, does-did-doing；畫-draw-drew-drawing；飲-drink-drank-drinking；

吃-eat-ate-eating；感覺-feel-felt-feeling；發(fā)現(xiàn)-find-found-finding；飛-fly-flew-flying；

忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；給-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；

成長-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；聽-hear-heard-hearing；

受傷-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；學(xué)習(xí)-learn-learned, learnt-learning；允許，讓-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying；制造-make-made-making；

可以-may-might----；意味-mean-meant-meaning；會見 -meet-met-meeting；必須-must-must----；放置-put-put-putting；讀-read-read-reading；騎、乘-ride-rode-riding；響、鳴-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；說-say-said-saying；看見-see-saw-seeing；將-shall-should----；

唱歌-sing-sang-singing；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡覺-sleep-slept-sleeping；說-speak-spoke-speaking；

度過-spend-spent-spending 。

練一練：

1、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)。

drink __________go ____________stay __________make __________look __________

have _________pass __________carry __________come ___________watch __________

plant _________fly ________study ________brush _________

do ___________teach____________ take__________ see__________

2、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。

put __________give __________fly _________get  ________dance ________sit_________

run ________plant _________take ___________swim _________ask ___________

stop __________take _________write __________have __________smoke _________ think__________ want__________ tell__________

3、寫出下列動詞的過去式。

isam _________fly _______plant ________are ________drink _________play _______

go ________make ________does _________dance ________worry ___________

ask ________taste _________eat __________draw ________put ______throw ________

kick _________pass _______do  ________

4、用動詞的適當形式填空。

（1）I ______to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _______to school with me. Yesterday we_______to school together. We like _______to school very much.      ( go )

（2）They usually _____lunch at home. But last week, they ____lunch at school.     ( have )

（3）That__my English book. It__new. But now it ___not here. It ___there a moment ago.  ( be )

（4）My sister likes ________very much. She often _______at our school festival. Last term, she _______a lot of songs in the school hall. She _____beautifully.    ( sing )

（5）What _____ he usually ______on Sunday? He usually _____his homework. Look! He _____his homework now.  ____he ______his homework last  Sunday? Yes, he_______.  ( do )

（6）Do people usually_____ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you ____moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I___a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )

八、there/here be結(jié)構(gòu)

1、there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某時、某地存在著什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、there were。

here be結(jié)構(gòu)與它類似，用法也完全相同，只不過是表示“這里存在著什么事物或人”。

2、和have、has、had的區(qū)別：

（1）There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） ；而have、has、had表示：某人擁有某物。

（2）在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is；主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動詞用are；如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù)最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定——“就近原則”。

（3）there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。

（4）there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。

（5）some和any在there be 句型中的運用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問句。

（6）and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。

（7）針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？

（8）針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： What’s + 介詞短語？

（9）There be結(jié)構(gòu)一般用在句子的開頭，而have等詞只能用于某一個主語后面。

練一練：

1、用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空。

1) There ______ four seasons in a year.         

2) There  ______not any trees two years ago.

3) ---  ______there a post office near your school? ---Yes, there  ______.

4) ---How many stops ______there? ---There______only one.

5) There ______not any stamps on the envelope.    

6)  ______ there any birds in the tree?

7) There______  a shopping centre near our school last year. But now there______ no one.

8) There ______only three of us: my dad, my mum and me.  

9) Here ______some bread for you.

10) In New York, there  ______ a lot of rain in spring.

2、選用“have, has, had, there is, there are, there was, there were”填空。

1) I ______a good father and a good mother.   2)  ______ a telescope on the desk.

3) He ______a tape-recorder.               4)  ______a basketball in the playground.

5) They ______ a nice garden.              6) My father ______ a story-book last year.

7)  ______a reading-room in the building?   8) What does Mike ______?

9) ______any books in the bookcase?       10) How many students ______in the classroom?

11)  ______a story-book on the table a moment ago.    12) What do you ______?

13) My parents ______some nice pictures.     14)   ______ some maps on the wall.

15)  ______a map of the world on the wall.   16) David’s friends ______ some tents.

17) __________ many children on the hill.

九、some，any的用法

some用于肯定句；any用于否定句和一般疑問句。請注意看例句后擴號中說明的用法。

例：There is some water in the glass. （肯定句）  

There are some flowers in the garden. （肯定句）

There aren’t any lamps in the study.（否定句）

Are there any maps on the wall?（一般疑問句）

Would you like some orange juice? （希望得到肯定回答）

Do you want to take any photos at the party? （一般疑問句）

練一練：

選用some或any填空。

1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge.  

2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses.

3) He has ______ friends in England.     

4) Were there  ______fruit trees on the farm?

5) Here are  ______presents for you.

6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos?

7) Is there______rice in the kitchen?

8) There are______new buildings in our school.  

9)---Would you like______ cakes? ---No, I’d not like ______cakes, but I’d like ______coffee.

10) ---Are there______pictures on the wall? ---No, there aren’t ______pictures.

十、動詞不定式

1、to加動詞原形構(gòu)成一種非謂語形式，在這里不是介詞，無詞義。

如：I want to make a New Year card.               我想制作一張新年賀卡。

   Would you like to have a picnic with us?         你愿意和我們一起去野餐嗎？

2、to保留原來動詞的一些特征，它可以帶自己的賓語和狀語等。

如：To get there faster, you can take bus No.5.        想快一點到那兒，你可以坐5路車。

3、to前有時帶疑問詞what, when, where, which, why, how等。

如：He’s asking Yang Ling how to get there.          他正在問楊玲怎樣到達那里。

總而言之，一定要記?。簍o后面用動詞原形。

練一練：

1、用擴號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。

1) People would like     ________( go ) to farms in the countryside.

2) It’s time      ________ ( have ) lunch

3) I want       ________ ( buy ) some presents for my friends.

4) The thief began       ________ ( run ).

5) Please shouw me how     ________ ( go ) to the shopping centre. 

6) Would you like      ________ ( join ) us? 

7) Don’t forget     ________ ( write ) “Happy New Year”.

8) She was very glad     ________ ( see ) them.

9) Please remember     ________ ( close ) the windows before you go home.

10) I’m sorry     ________ ( hear ) that.

2、圈出下列句子中的錯誤，并改正。

1) Would you like go camping with us?        

2) Helen, show ux how drawing a square.              

3) I want to writes a letter to my penfriend.        

4) It’s time for us go to school.                     

5) Liu Tao wants to showing Peter’s photos to his mum.

十一、動名詞

其實就是動詞的“現(xiàn)在分詞”。它既有“名詞性質(zhì)”（可作主語），又具有動詞性質(zhì)（可帶賓語）。

如：Please keep quiet in the reading room. 還有我們的一些課題：Asking the way中是“名詞性質(zhì)”；

My hobby is collecting stamps.中是“動詞性質(zhì)”，帶了賓語stamps.

1、remember（記?。┖竺娓鷦用~，表示“記得做過某事”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“記得要去做某事”。如：

I remember posting the letter today.         我記得今天把信寄走了。

Please remember to post the letter today.     請記住今天要把信寄走。

2、forget（忘記）后面跟動名詞，表示“忘記做過某事（實際做過）”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“忘記去做某事（實際沒做）”。如：

I forget doing homework this morning.       我忘記今天早上做過作業(yè)了。

I forget to do homework this morning.        我忘記今天早上做作業(yè)了。

3、stop（停止）后面跟動名詞，表示“停止做某事”；跟to+動詞原形，表示“停止正在做的事，而去做別的事”。如：

Stop smoking, please.                      請不要吸煙。

We are tired. Let’s stop to have a rest.        我們累了，讓我們停下來休息一下。

4、like（喜歡）后面跟動名詞，表示一個人的愛好和習(xí)慣，意思是“喜歡干某事”；跟to+動詞原形，常用于would like to do something，表示“某人想要、愿意干某事”。如：

I like taking a walk after supper every day.    我喜歡每天晚飯后去散步。

I would like to have some chips.              我想要吃些薯條。

練一練：

1、用擴號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空。

1)      _________( swim ) is not as fast as running.        

2) It’s sunny today. Let’s go     _________ ( fish ).

3) Do you like    _________ ( read ) English in the morning?     

4) Are you good at     _________ ( dance )?

5) Where is the      _________ ( shop ) centre?   

6) Would you like to go      _________  ( jog ) with me?

7) My hobby is      _________ ( play ) football.  

8) Su Hai likes     _________ ( watch ) cartoons on Sundays.

2、選擇擴號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。

1) I’m sorry     _________ ( hearing, to hear ) that.   

2) Jim is good at    _________ ( swimming, to swim ).

3) Shall we go    _________ ( skating, to skate )?   

4) Today, my work is      _________ ( looking, to look ) after the baby.

5) I’m going     _________ ( flying, to fly ) a kite in the playground.

6) I like      _________ ( playing, to play ) basketball after school.

7) Would you like    _________   ( going, to go ) to the Great Wall?

8) Jim is asking Liu Tao how       ________ ( getting, to get ) to the History Museum.