編者按:
讀華茲華斯的《露西》組詩,感觸最深的一點,就是詩人在人的生命與山水萬物之間,架起了彼此融通的橋梁,自然造就人,人在自然中,生的時候在,死的時候更是與自然化為一體。這有點類似于我們“天人合一”“道法自然”的老莊思想,但不同的是,詩人更多地賦予了自然以強烈的人文色彩,甚至將其作為上帝或者神來崇拜,就像原始人類在沒有獲得任何抵御自然災害的手段之前選擇對自然的無條件臣服一樣,可以說是回歸式的古樸美學。
華茲華斯(William Wordsworth,1770-1850年),英國浪漫主義詩人。其詩歌理論動搖了英國古典主義詩學的統(tǒng)治,有力地推動了英國詩歌的革新和浪漫主義運動的發(fā)展。他是“湖畔詩人”的領袖,在思想上有過大起大落——初期對法國大革命的熱烈向往變成了后來遁跡于山水的自然崇拜,在詩藝上則實現(xiàn)了劃時代的革新。詩歌代表作:《抒情歌謠集》、《丁登寺旁》、《露西》、《序曲》等。
- Lucy -
by William Wordsworth
《露西》組詩
翻譯:一寧 校譯:Sandy 統(tǒng)稿:一寧
Strange fits of passion have I known:But in the Lover's ear alone,When she I loved looked every dayI to her cottage bent my way,Upon the moon I fixed my eye,With quickening pace my horse drew nighThose paths so dear to me.And now we reached the orchard-plot;And, as we climbed the hill,The sinking moon to Lucy's cotCame near, and nearer still.In one of those sweet dreams I slept,Kind Nature's gentlest boon!And all the while my eyes I keptMy horse moved on; hoof after hoofHe raised, and never stopped:When down behind the cottage roof,At once, the bright moon dropped.What fond and wayward thoughts will slide‘O mercy!’ to myself I cried,‘If Lucy should be dead!’我確信有些奇妙情感涌上心頭:
為此我要大膽表露,
但只可在戀人耳畔啟口,
將我的經(jīng)歷全然相訴。
那時我愛的她日日清艷
如一朵玫瑰在六月盛開,
我百轉千回赴她小舍相見,
與一輪夜月相伴前來。
我舉頭凝望皎月當空,
策馬越過草原寥寥;
一路步履輕快如風
踏上我所珍愛的小道條條。
此刻我們抵達一片果園;
轉眼又翻上一座山岡,
看那月亮依稀下垂,一點點
一點點垂向露西的小房。
在我某個甜美睡夢中,
有仁慈大自然最溫柔的恩賜!
而我雙眼始終對準長空
隨那月亮漸墜天際。
我的馬兒步步向前;
他揚蹄飛奔,不肯停歇:
但見明月已沉入屋頂后邊,
就在一瞬間,不知不覺。
多么難以捉摸的癡念
將會悄悄潛入戀人的心河!
“啊,天哪!”我朝自己哭喊,
“如果露西死了呢!”
She dwelt among the untrodden ways Beside the springs of Dove, A Maid whom there were none to praise A violet by a mossy stone Half hidden from the eye! --Fair as a star, when only one She lived unknown, and few could know But she is in her grave, and, oh, 她深居杳無人跡的路旁
傍鄰達夫清泉,
這個姑娘不曾被誰贊賞,
也少有人愛憐。
一株紫羅蘭開在青苔石側
為躲避目光半遮半掩!
——她婉如一顆星,獨一無二地
懸于夜空晶晶閃閃。
露西啊,她默默無聞地活,
又鮮為人知地死;
如今她已睡入墓中,噢,
我的人生已判若天地!
I travelled among unknown men,Nor, England! did I know till thenWhat love I bore to thee.'Tis past, that melancholy dream!Nor will I quit thy shoreA second time; for still I seemTo love thee more and more.Among thy mountains did I feelAnd she I cherished turned her wheelThy mornings showed, thy nights concealed,The bowers where Lucy played;And thine too is the last green fieldThat Lucy's eyes surveyed.我曾游歷于陌生人群中
在大洋彼端的國度;
噢,英格蘭!直到那時我才懂
對你的愛是多么刻骨!
終于過去了,那憂傷之夢!
我不會離開你的海岸
再也不會了;因為我心中
愛你之情仿佛越發(fā)泛濫。
置身于你的群山萬壑
我感受到畢生渴求的歡悅;
我心愛的她搖著紡車
一旁的英格蘭壁爐明明滅滅。
你無數(shù)個夙夜展現(xiàn)又隱去,
在露西曾游玩的涼亭;
而你那一畦碧綠
卻是露西最后遠眺的風景。
Three years she grew in sun and shower, Then Nature said, "A lovelier flower This Child I to myself will take; She shall be mine, and I will make "Myself will to my darling be Both law and impulse: and with me The Girl, in rock and plain, In earth and heaven, in glade and bower, Shall feel an overseeing power "She shall be sportive as the fawn That wild with glee across the lawn, Or up the mountain springs; And her's shall be the breathing balm, And her's the silence and the calm Of mute insensate things. "The floating clouds their state shall lend To her; for her the willow bend; Nor shall she fail to see Even in the motions of the Storm Grace that shall mould the Maiden's form "The stars of midnight shall be dear To her; and she shall lean her ear Where rivulets dance their wayward round, And beauty born of murmuring sound Shall pass into her face. "And vital feelings of delight Shall rear her form to stately height, Such thoughts to Lucy I will give While she and I together live Here in this happy dell." Thus Nature spoke--The work was done—How soon my Lucy's race was run! This heath, this calm, and quiet scene; The memory of what has been, 三年的陽光雨露哺育她成長,
自然之神說:“大地之上
從未種下比她更美麗的花朵;
這孩子我要帶在身邊;
她將為我所有,經(jīng)我撫養(yǎng)成年
娶作夫人相伴于我。
“我的寶貝,我要成為她遵循的法旨
和她前行的推力:與我一起
無論身處山巒還是曠野,
天上還是地下,林地還是樹蔭,
她會察覺一種監(jiān)護之力與之隨行
激她奮進抑或勸她持戒。
“她會像小鹿一樣活力奔放
饒有野興地穿過草場;
或者健步登臨那高山清泉;
空氣中的芬芳是她呼出的氣息,
她所流露的寧靜和闃寂
亦是那無聲無情之物的本源。
“浮云會賦予她輕盈的姿態(tài);
垂柳為她周身搖擺;
她甚至能捕捉到
那激烈動蕩的風暴中心
有一種優(yōu)雅,懷著默默同情
將少女的身姿塑造。
“午夜的星辰與她如影隨形;
她也會側耳傾聽
在許多幽秘的地方
小溪歡跳著變幻莫測的圓舞,
潺潺的水聲美若歌賦
涓涓細流將匯入她的臉龐。
“種種活力之感歡悅之情
將讓她茁壯成長玉立亭亭,
處女的胸脯玲瓏有致;
我要把這些想法對露西傾訴
當她來到這片幸福的溪谷
與我共度余生之時?!?/span>
自然之神說罷——一切都已完成——
我的露西竟如此快地走完了旅程!
她死去了,留給我的
是這片荒地,這片平靜而單調的景象;
那些關于昔日的憶想,
再也不會有了。
A slumber did my spirit seal;She seemed a thing that could not feelThe touch of earthly years.No motion has she now, no force;She neither hears nor sees;Rolled round in earth’s diurnal courseWith rocks, and stones, and trees.一次昏睡曾封印我的魂靈;
我沒有了人的恐懼:
她就好像一個縹緲虛影
感受不到塵世的碰觸。
如今她既無行動也無力氣;
聽也不能看也不能;
隨著地球日夜兼程周而復始
與山巖、碎石和樹木依依相生。
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