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When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy. But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true. So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton, which was a lot of fun, but didn't yield much result. When I grew up and realized that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers, I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science, to find a more useful truth.

0:41

I started my journey in California, with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook, and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life. By measuring the students' smiles, researchers were able to predict how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage would be,

1:03

(Laughter)

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how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being, and how inspiring she would be to others. In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture. When I first saw his picture, I thought that his superpowers came from his super collar.

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(Laughter)

1:21

But now I know it was all in his smile.

1:24

Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players. The researchers found that the span of a player's smile could actually predict the span of his life. Players who didn't smile in their pictures lived an average of only 72.9 years, where players with beaming smiles lived an average of almost 80 years.

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(Laughter)

1:54

The good news is that we're actually born smiling. Using 3D ultrasound technology, we can now see that developing babies appear to smile, even in the womb. When they're born, babies continue to smile -- initially, mostly in their sleep. And even blind babies smile to the sound of the human voice. Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically uniform expressions of all humans.

2:20

In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea, Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions, found that even members of the Fore tribe, who were completely disconnected from Western culture, and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,

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(Laughter)

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attributed smiles to descriptions of situations the same way you and I would. So from Papua New Guinea to Hollywood all the way to modern art in Beijing, we smile often, and use smiles to express joy and satisfaction.

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How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day? Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow. Outside of this room, more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day, whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five. In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children, who smile as many as 400 times per day.

3:22

Have you ever wondered why being around children, who smile so frequently, makes you smile very often? A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles. You ask why? Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious, and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles. Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically helps us understand whether our smile is fake or real, so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.

3:58

In a recent mimicking study at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles. Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges, but with the pencil in their mouth -- when they could not mimic the smile they saw -- their judgment was impaired.

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(Laughter)

4:23

In addition to theorizing on evolution in 'The Origin of Species,' Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory. His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better, rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good. In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne, who sent electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles. Please, don't try this at home.

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(Laughter)

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In a related German study, researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles. The finding supported Darwin's theory, by showing that facial feedback modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain, in a way that helps us feel better when we smile. Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate -- a well-regarded pleasure inducer -- cannot match.

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British researchers found that one smile can generate the same level of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.

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(Laughter)

5:38

Wait -- The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as receiving up to 16,000 pounds sterling in cash.

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(Laughter)

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That's like 25 grand a smile. It's not bad. And think about it this way: 25,000 times 400 -- quite a few kids out there feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.

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And unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you healthier. Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine, increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphins, and reduce overall blood pressure.

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And if that's not enough, smiling can actually make you look good in the eyes of others. A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile, you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous, but you actually appear to be more competent.

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So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your stress or improve your marriage, or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate without incurring the caloric cost, or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone around you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile.

7:05

(Applause)

0:11

小時(shí)候，我一直夢(mèng)想成為一個(gè)超級(jí)英雄 我想要拯救世界并讓所有人快樂(lè) 但我知道我需要擁有超能力 來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想 于是我經(jīng)?；孟?在銀河間尋找超人的故鄉(xiāng)氪星 這可有意思了 只不過(guò)一直沒(méi)有找到 長(zhǎng)大以后，我才明白 科幻小說(shuō)并不是超能力的源頭 我于是決定踏上真正的科學(xué)旅程 尋找更有意義的真相

0:41

加利福尼亞州是我旅程的起點(diǎn) 我學(xué)習(xí)了加州大學(xué)伯克利分校一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)達(dá)30年的研究 這項(xiàng)研究對(duì)一本舊年冊(cè)上學(xué)生的照片 進(jìn)行了分析 試圖對(duì)他們畢生的成功與幸福 進(jìn)行測(cè)量 通過(guò)衡量學(xué)生的微笑 研究者們得以預(yù)測(cè) 一個(gè)研究對(duì)象的婚姻 持續(xù)時(shí)間與美滿程度 她在幸福感標(biāo)準(zhǔn)考試中 能夠得多少分 以及她能給其他人帶來(lái)多少啟發(fā) 在另一本年冊(cè), 我翻到了巴里.·奧巴馬的照片 第一眼看到這張照片時(shí) 我以為他的超能力是來(lái)自于他超大的領(lǐng)子 但是現(xiàn)在我知道其實(shí)是來(lái)自他的微笑

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另一項(xiàng)令人頓悟的研究 是由2010年韋恩州立大學(xué)進(jìn)行的 這個(gè)項(xiàng)目研究了二十世紀(jì)五十年代前 美國(guó)職業(yè)棒球聯(lián)盟球員卡 這些研究者發(fā)現(xiàn) 一個(gè)球員笑臉的綻放程度 能夠預(yù)測(cè)其壽命的長(zhǎng)短 沒(méi)有在照片上露出微笑的球員 平均壽命只有72.9歲 而那些微笑的球員 平均壽命將近80歲

1:52

（眾人笑）

1:54

好消息是，我們天生就會(huì)微笑 通過(guò)三維超聲波技術(shù) 我們可以看到，即使在子宮中，正在成形的胎兒 似乎也是面帶微笑的 出生之后 他們還是帶著微笑－－ 他們大多在睡夢(mèng)中微笑 失明的嬰兒 聽(tīng)到人聲時(shí)也會(huì)微笑 微笑是全人類生理上最統(tǒng)一、 最基本的表情

2:20

在巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞進(jìn)行的一些研究中 保羅. 艾克曼 世界上最知名的面部表情研究者 發(fā)現(xiàn)原始部落Fore的成員 雖然與西方文化相隔絕 并以其食人肉的宗教習(xí)性著稱 但他們也像我們一樣 在不同場(chǎng)合下會(huì)露出微笑 從巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞 到好萊塢 再到北京的現(xiàn)代藝術(shù) 我們經(jīng)常微笑 以微笑來(lái)表達(dá) 喜悅美滿之情

2:56

在座的各位 有多少人每天微笑超過(guò)20次？ 超過(guò)的請(qǐng)舉手。哇 在全世界 每天有超過(guò)三分之一的人每天微笑超過(guò)20次 而每天微笑不足五次的人 占人口的14% 實(shí)際上，擁有最多超能力的 要數(shù)兒童 他們每天微笑約為400次

3:22

你有沒(méi)有想過(guò) 為什么與經(jīng)常微笑的孩子們相處久了 你也變得愛(ài)笑了？ 瑞典烏普薩拉大學(xué)近期的一項(xiàng)研究 發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)人在微笑時(shí) 很難同時(shí)皺起眉頭 你可能會(huì)問(wèn)為什么 這是因?yàn)槲⑿Φ母腥玖O強(qiáng) 它主導(dǎo)了 我們對(duì)面部肌肉的控制 對(duì)微笑進(jìn)行模擬 和物理測(cè)試 能夠讓我們分辨微笑是真是假 進(jìn)而了解 微笑者的情緒

3:58

法國(guó)克萊蒙費(fèi)朗大學(xué) 近期的一項(xiàng)模擬研究 要求研究對(duì)象 通過(guò)微笑肌肉 把一支鉛筆含在嘴上 以此判斷微笑的真假 在不含鉛筆的情況下，研究對(duì)象都能夠輕松做出判斷 擔(dān)當(dāng)他們含著鉛筆時(shí) 他們無(wú)法模仿眼前的微笑 也就無(wú)法正確判斷

4:21

（笑聲）

4:23

除了在《物種起源》中提出進(jìn)化論 查爾斯. 達(dá)爾文 還提出了面部反饋理論 這里理論提到 微笑這一行為 實(shí)際上能讓我們的心情變得更好－－ 而不僅僅是 心情好的產(chǎn)物 在他的研究中 達(dá)爾文援引了法國(guó)神經(jīng)學(xué)家Guillaume Duchenne的研究 他通過(guò)給面部肌肉做電顫刺激 來(lái)產(chǎn)生微笑 請(qǐng)不要在家里模仿

4:52

（笑聲）

4:54

德國(guó)一項(xiàng)相關(guān)研究中 研究者們通過(guò)功能核磁共振成像 測(cè)量在微笑肌肉注射了肉毒桿菌前后 對(duì)大腦活動(dòng) 進(jìn)行測(cè)量 這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)證了達(dá)爾文的理論 表明面部反饋 控制了神經(jīng) 對(duì)大腦中情緒信息的處理 這就讓我們?cè)谖⑿r(shí)心情變得更好 微笑啟動(dòng)了我們大腦的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)機(jī)制 就像巧克力－－ 這種公認(rèn)的開(kāi)心秘方－－ 都不可比擬的

5:27

英國(guó)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn) 一個(gè)微笑能夠帶來(lái) 相當(dāng)于2000塊巧克力產(chǎn)生的腦部刺激 (笑聲) 不僅如此，這項(xiàng)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn) 微笑帶來(lái)的刺激 還相當(dāng)于16000英鎊現(xiàn)金產(chǎn)生的刺激 每笑一次就相當(dāng)于得到了25萬(wàn)美元 太值了 我們這樣想： 25000乘以400－－ 那么世上該有多少孩子 每天感覺(jué)自己是馬克. 扎克伯格（Facebook創(chuàng)始人）??！

6:01

而與巧克力不同 經(jīng)常微笑能夠讓你變得更健康 微笑能夠幫助降低 皮質(zhì)醇，腎上腺素和多巴胺等 增壓激素的水平 提高內(nèi)啡肽等 改善心情的激素水平 并降低整體血壓

6:19

如果這還不夠 微笑還能夠讓我們 在其他人眼里更好看 賓州州立大學(xué)近期一項(xiàng)研究 發(fā)現(xiàn)微笑 不僅能讓你更好看，更禮貌 還能讓你看起來(lái)更能干

6:36

如果你希望自己看起來(lái)更棒更有能力 減輕壓力 或改善你的婚姻 或者感受吃了一大推巧克力后的快感－－ 而不用擔(dān)心熱量過(guò)多－－ 或體會(huì)你在多年未穿過(guò)的外套口袋里 摸出了25萬(wàn)元時(shí)的狂喜 還有你想要得到一些超能力的時(shí)候 微笑能夠幫助你以及身邊所有人 活得更長(zhǎng)，更健康，更幸福 笑一個(gè)吧

7:05

（掌聲）