一、將動(dòng)詞的第一個(gè)字母提出來(lái)組成一個(gè)生詞。
1、只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有: “ Merdowphal”(音譯:“磨豆腐嘍!”),其中:m- manage; e-expect; r- refuse; d- dare, decide; demand, determine; o-offer, order ;w- want, wish; p-promise, pretend, plan; h-hope; a-agree, arrange; l-long, learn.
2、只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的有: “Mepsckgarfid”(音譯:“妹不吃咖啡的”),其中: m-mind, miss, mention; e-escape, enjoy, excuse; p- practise, prevent, put off; s- save, suggest; c- can’t stand; k-keep (on); g- give up; a- admit, advise, avoid, appreciate; r- recall, risk, resist; f-finish, forgive, fancy, feel like; i-imagine, include, insist on ; d- delay, deny, dislike.
二、根據(jù)詞義將動(dòng)詞編成一句話(huà)。
1、既可接不定式又可接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)但含義不同的動(dòng)詞有: “盡力記住卻忘了真是遺憾,情不自禁停下來(lái)打算再繼續(xù)(try, remember, forget, regret, can’t help, stop, mean, go on)。”
try to do sth (盡力做某事),try doing sth(嘗試做某事);remember /forget to do sth (記得/忘記要做的事),remember /forget doing sth(記得/忘記已做過(guò)的事);regret to do sth (很遺憾要做某事),regret doing sth(后悔做了某事);can’t help to do sth (不能幫助做某事),can’t help doing sth(情不自禁做某事);stop to do sth(停下來(lái)去做某事), stop doing sth (停止正在做的事);mean to do sth (打算做某事),mean doing sth (意味著做某事);go on to do sth (接著去做另一件事),go on doing sth(繼續(xù)做同一件事)。
2、接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)而接不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:“我建議你考慮一下允許還是不允許(advise, recommend; consider; allow, permit; forbid)?!奔碼dvise ( recommend, consider, allow, permit, forbid) doing sth; advise ( recommend, consider, allow, permit, forbid) sb to do sth.
三、將動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))編成口訣。
1、to后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的短語(yǔ):
口訣: a b d p t, 2lo 3g ;
短語(yǔ)記在心,to后 ing。
妙解:a-adapt to, b-be addicted to , d-devote to, p-pay attention to, t- the key to ; 2l- lead to look forward to ; 2o-oppose to, object to ; 3g-get close to, get down to, get used to. 等帶to的短語(yǔ)后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
2、接分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞:
口訣: 1 2 3和6,doing, done跟賓語(yǔ)走,
主動(dòng)doing被動(dòng)done,還有with(復(fù)賓)要記上。
妙解: 1 “感覺(jué)”:feel; 2“聽(tīng)”:hear, listen to; 3“使役”:have, leave, keep; 6“看”:see, watch, look at, observe, find, notice.等動(dòng)詞接分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),當(dāng)分詞動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用現(xiàn)在分詞doing,是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)用過(guò)去分詞done,with后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)形式與此相同。
3、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式或動(dòng)名詞。
口訣:定語(yǔ)反射需要時(shí)(4),值得主形表被意。
妙解:
①不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況:
動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是句子主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者說(shuō)話(huà)的人時(shí),不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:
Can you give me a book to read?
I can’t go with you now because I have masses of work to do.
反射不定式中,即“sb/sth +be +adj/n + to do.” 結(jié)構(gòu)中,不定式用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如:
English is easy to learn.
Peter is a person to get on well with.
②動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的情況:
(需要)need(require, want, demand)doing = need(require, want, demand )to be done
(值得)deserve doing =deserve to be done , be worth doing.(=be worthy to be done / be worthy of being done)
4、動(dòng)詞接不帶to的不定式。
口訣:并列使用后者?、?,寧愿最好為什么,
使役感官③不得不④,幫助之后獲自由⑤;
be前若有do形式,be后動(dòng)詞除了同。
妙解:
①不定式并列使用時(shí),后者省去to,但強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比例外。如:
He used to call his teacher and ask him some questions.
It’s easier to say it than to do it.
②下列句型中省去不定式to:寧愿(would rather do sth.), 最好(had better/ best do do sth), 為什么(Why not do sth ?)
③使役性、感官性動(dòng)詞(let/ make/ have/ feel/ hear/ listen to/ see/ notice/ find/ observe)后接省to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
④不得不做某事:cannot but do sth./ cannot help but do sth. / can do nothing but do sth.
⑤help后的不定式帶不帶都有行(很自由),即help (to) do sth./ help sb (to) do sth.
⑥系動(dòng)詞be后接不定式表語(yǔ)時(shí),be前若有do的相應(yīng)形式,be后的不定式要省to,這一點(diǎn)與“除了”(but / except/ besides)的用法相同。如:
What I mean is to save money.
The only thing I can do is lie in bed.
What else do you like to do besides learn English?
He had no choice but to give it up.
5、動(dòng)詞不定式to后省略動(dòng)詞。
口訣:愛(ài)恨努力及希望,應(yīng)該需要不得不,
能做打算過(guò)去常,to后動(dòng)詞皆省掉。
妙解:愛(ài)恨(love/like/ be glad/ be pleased / hate), 努力及希望(want /hope/wish/expect), 應(yīng)該需要不得不(ought to /need to/ have to), 能做打算過(guò)去常(be able to/ mean to/be going to/ plan to/used to )等動(dòng)詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)中,為了避免重復(fù),to后的動(dòng)詞皆省掉。如:
A: Have you ever been to the seaside?
B: No, we can’t afford to.
A: Will he pass the driving test?
B: He may not, but he still hopes to.
注:to后動(dòng)詞是be或助動(dòng)詞have時(shí)則不能省略。如:
A: Are you a Party member?
B: No, but I hope to be.
A: Tom didn’t go to the party?
B: What a pity. He ought to have.
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