撿起,挑選, 接某人pick up 挑選pick out =recognize make a noise 制造噪音 =din
震驚 be shocked=amazed =surprised (at)
怕 be in fear= frightened / afraid (of)
滿意be satisfied with =pleased
悲He was painful (in pain) =sad =unhappy
應該做某事.. be supposed to do sth =should =ought to
樂He was cheerful =happy =delighted= pleased
玩得高興have fun = have a good time = enjoy oneself have fun doing sth
裝扮、打扮dress up 給(某人)穿衣服dress sb (in)
穿著、戴著(表狀態(tài))wear 穿上(表動作put on
bring 拿來 take 帶走 carry 攜帶,搭乘,運載,抬 fetch 取回=get
achieve =get / come true
I believe I will achieve my dream one day.
= I believe my dream will come true one day.
出現(xiàn)、出席show up=be present at…=turn up 熬夜stay up
at times = sometimes有時 sometime 某時 in time on time
some times幾次,幾倍 =a few=several some time 一段時間
for the time being=at present目前 =now one at a time 一次
at one time=once曾經(jīng) for a time = moment
It's time for you to do it. =It's _____ ____ to do it.
take turns to do sth.=do sth. in turns 輪流做某事
the best way to do sth做某事的最好方法
be famous for 因……而出名 (跟出名的原因) be famous as以……而出名 (跟職業(yè)/身份/地位)well-known = famous
想做某事:want to do sth. = would like to do sth. feel like doing sth.
….much too + adj =very=a most beautiful girl =terribly=quite=rather=fairly
=not …a little =pretty (相當)
太多….too much +不可數(shù)n too many + 可數(shù)n
by the way順便說一下 in the way妨礙、擋路 on the way在途中
以這種方式(方法)in this way =by this means =with this method
Show (=tell) me the way to the shop
總是,一直all the time =always 仍然、還是all the same=still
How is the weather today?= What’s the weather like today?
有點兒a little = a bit =a little bit= kind of
What’s the matter= What’s the trouble?=What’s wrong? (with)=What’s up?
Which is the way to…? How can I get to the …? Is there a … near here?
Can you tell me the way to the …? =show =nearby
He wasn not in =absent (from) Be in =wear =join =be at home
What good news / weather / information / work!
what else:別的什么 easily enough a house nearby the things alike
The living people= The people alive something wrong nothing serious
have to :不得不=be forced to do = must = be sure to
in fact=actually=as a matter of fact:事實上;實際上 =really =truly
agree with sb.:同意某人意見 =agree with what one says
agree sb. to do sth.同意某人做某事 He nods =agree
He has the same idea as mine= He agree with me.
don’t mind(=care)/like:+doing不介意/喜歡 care about關(guān)心
care for=like =go in for=be keen on =enjoy=prefer=(be fond of)
常見動詞:keep, mind, finish, enjoy, practice, advise.其他重要的動詞:
suggest:Jenny suggested leaving for Paris this afternoon.
(珍妮建議今天下午動身去巴黎。)
只能跟ing形式 miss(What a miss doing sth.):He missed winning the first prize.(他錯過獲得第一名的機會。)
escape: escape being punished(逃避被懲罰)
admit: The thief admitted stealing the purse.(小偷承認偷了錢包。)
risk: risk travelling to the unknown(冒險去沒開發(fā)地帶旅行)
ask for要求得到、要求見到=request Call for =require=need 需要
used to do sth. 過去經(jīng)?!?/ be (get) used to (doing) sth.習慣于… / be used to do sth. / be used for doing sth.被用來做…
fall (fell/ fallen) down from…= fall off…從…摔下來 /fall over向前摔倒
fall into…跌進… feel (felt / felt) drop =go down= fall rise=go up=stand up
raise = put up one’s hand = lift = bring up養(yǎng)大= come up with提出
how to deal with …/ what to do with… 怎樣處理…
◆perhaps / maybe . probably Maybe she is at home. = She may be at home.
save (v.) 儲蓄,節(jié)省, 挽救 save time / money save one’s life
own (vt.) =have owner(s) (n.)
I own the book.
=I am the owner of the book.=The book is mine= The book belongs to me.
on one’s own = (all) by oneself = alone
(adj.) my own book / a book of my own
make a deal作成交易 make a face做鬼臉 make friends with與……交朋友
make one’s living維持生活 make one’s way to前往某處 make use of利用
make a fool of捉弄,使出洋相 =make fun of
make jokes about =play jokes (=tricks)on =make fun of取笑
make a note (notes) of注意,記下來=write down=take down
make…into把……作成,使變成 sth. be made into
make it成功,到達某處 succeed in doing sth = be successful in
make room騰出地方for =space leave room留出地方for
make up編造 be made up of = consist of
be made of be made from be made in be made by
make breakfast, make dinner, make tea do some cooking 做飯
make a list of 列出清單 make sb do be made to do make sth done
all over (=around/across) the world全世界,世界各地
a year or two 一兩年=one or two years; a day or two=one or two days一兩天an hour or two=one or two hours一兩個小時
move somewhere= move to somewhere搬到(不具體的)某一地方
at the age of…在……年齡時 = when sb was …years old
take part in參加、加入 =join the club
=attend the meeting
all day = all day long 整天 all night = all night long整夜
in (不用under) the sun在陽光下 with(不用under) the help of=with one’s help
in the rain在雨中 in the dark在黑暗中 in the snow在雪中
at the beginning of…在..開始的時候 at first = first of all
at the end of…在……結(jié)束的時候,在……的盡頭 in the end= finally
take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture照相
it’s easy to do sth. 做某事容易 =simple
it’s hard to do sth. 做某事難 =difficult
It’s essential to do sth. 做某事必要 =necessary
It’s helpful to do sth =useful
It’s nice of you =kind He is kind =friendly
It’s a fine day =nice He is fine. =well
put up舉起,抬起,掛起,張貼,建造; put on穿上,戴上,上演(戲劇);
put down=write down=copy down 寫下來;put out 伸出,撲滅;
put away 收起來,收好; put off推遲;
put one’s heart into…全神貫注于……,全身心投入…
go to lots of parties經(jīng)常參加聚會 =often go to the party
try to do sth. 努力(企圖)做某事 try doing sth.試著做某事
try one’ best to do sth. 盡力做某事
Please keep quiet! 請保持安靜 =remain calm
keep+形容詞表示“保持某種狀態(tài)”
keep+(sb.)+doing 表示“(使某人)不停地做某事”
keep sth. 保存某物
use sth. to do sth.=do sth.. with sth. 使用…做…
區(qū)別:use…for… use…as…
給某人打電話的幾種說法:call (up) = phone = ring
call sb. up, call sb. phone sb., phone to sb.
telephone sb. telephone to sb. phone sb. up,ring sb.
give sb. a ring, give sb. a phone
with the name= called = named call for=require=need
the number of….的數(shù)量,謂語是單數(shù) a number of=many 許多
number前可用large(=huge=big), great, small (=tiny)修飾其謂語是復數(shù)
become a member of =be in=join
have a large / small population of 人口不能用:many/much/a few /a little
what is the population? 不能用: how many/how much
doing sth. takes sb. Some time/ money =It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
=sb. spends some time/money (on sth.)
=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.
=sth. costs sb. some time/money
=sb. pay some money for sth.
take the subway 乘地鐵 ride a bike 騎自行車 take the bus乘公共汽車
take the train乘火車 take a taxi乘坐出租車 go in a parent’s car 坐父母的車
He went there by bus. =He a bus there
He went there by bike. =He a bike there
He went there by car. =He a car there
He went there by air . =He there
He went there on foot. =He there
He went by the shop. He went across the street.
He went into the classroom. He went down the street.
He went back there. My dog goes after me to school.
區(qū)別older / elder與farther / further
older(年齡較老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距離“較遠的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更進一步的”)
He went abroad for ________ studies.
Tom is _________ from our school than Alice.
表示“是……幾倍”時用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
This book costs twice as much as that one. 這本書的價錢是那本書的兩倍。
表示二者相差多少用 “具體數(shù)量 + 比較級”
My brother is two years older than me.
= My brother is two years as old as me.
= My brother is older than me by two years.
not as / so… as = less than 不及;不如
This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
比較級:兩者進行比較(常與than/or連用)
I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的蘋果多。
Which is more interesting, this one or that one?
最高級:三者(或三者以上)進行比較(常與表范圍的in , of短語連用)
( 注意:of + 個體名詞單數(shù) in + 集合名詞 )
He runs fastest in our class.
He is the tallest of the three boys.
Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。
表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while(然而)等。
表因果關(guān)系的because,for, so等。
and: “和”在肯定句中表并列 另外:1)or “或者”用于選擇疑問句
or: “和”在否定句中表并列 2)or “否則”
①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?
②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
but “但是”表轉(zhuǎn)折: 注意:1)though(雖然), but(但是)不能連用
2)not … but 不是…而是
I listened, but I heard nothing. =I listened, however, I heard nothing.
=Though I listened, I heard nothing.
=didn’t hear anything.
This book isn’t mine but yours. =This book is yours mine.
both… and : 既…又(連接主語為復數(shù))
neither…nor: 既不…也不 連接兩主
either…or: 或者…或者 語后者決
not only … but also:不但…而且 定單、復
Both he and I are students.
Neither he nor I am a student.
1.Help others whenever you can _____ you’ll make the world a nicer place to live.
A. and B. or C. unless D. but
2.______ scientists have done a lot of research on A (H1N1) flu, there are still some cases for further study.
A. As B. Once C. If D. Although
3.---Did you call Sara back?
---I didn’t need to, ______ we’ll have a meeting together tonight.
A. though B. unless C. because D. if
4.______ they may not succeed, they will try their best.
A. Though B. When C. Because D. Unless
5.He will come here right away __________ he hears the news.
A. so B. as soon as C. because D. though
in , on , to表方位
in(范圍內(nèi));on(范圍外且接壤);to(范圍外但不接壤)。
Taiwan is _____ the southeast of China.
Hubei is _____ the north of Hunan.
Japan is _____ the east of China.
cross: 動詞“跨過,越過”=go across
across: (表面)跨過
through: (內(nèi)部)穿過,貫穿 介詞
Can you swim _____ the river?
The road runs _____ the forest.
_____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
in + 時間段:與將來時連用
after + 時間段:與過去時連用
但after + 時間點:可與將來時連用。
I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.
They left _______ two weeks.
in the tree(外加在樹上的事物)
on the tree(樹上自身具有的花、果、葉等)
in the wall(鑲嵌在墻內(nèi)部的事物)
on the wall(墻表面的事物)
There is a map ___ the wall
There are four windows ___ the wall.
by bike / bus / car / ship (單數(shù)且無冠詞)
但當這些交通工具名詞前有其它修飾詞時,則應使用相應的介詞。
by bike = on a(the; his) bike by car = in a(the ; her) car
on: 在…(表面)上——接觸
over: 在…的正上方
above: 在…的斜上方 未接觸
The moon rose ______ the hill.
There is a bridge _____ the river.
There is a book ______ the desk.
between: 在(兩者)之間
among :在(三者以上)之間
Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.
on與about : 關(guān)于
on用于較正式的演講、學術(shù)、書籍等
about用于非正式的談話或隨便提及
He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
in front of :在…前面/方(范圍外)= before
in / at the front of:在……前部(范圍內(nèi))
There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.
A driver drives _________ of the bus. 類似區(qū)別:at the back of與behind
with和in: 表示“用”:
with: 指“用工具、手、口等”
in: 指“用語言、話語、聲音等”
Please write the letter ____ a pen.
Please speak ____ a loud voice.
on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for: 動身前往某地
一些固定搭配:listen to , laugh at, get to, look for; wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
介詞與名詞的搭配:on time, in time, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
介詞與形容詞的搭配:be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
We're all going to the games, why don't you come _______.代入
A.up B.across C.along D.to
Some students often listen to music ____ classes to refresh themselves.陷阱反應
A.between B.among C.over D.during
--It is said that a new zoo will be built in our town.
---I’m ___________it. Zoos are terrible for animals.
A. through B. besides C. against D. except
Look, Tina is waiting _________ the bus stop.
A. for B. at C. in D. to
We must take care of the baby. Take good care of
→The baby must be taken care of. =Look after well
The boss made the workers work 12 hours.
→The workers made 12 hours.
My bike needs to be mended.
→My bike .
Lesson 5 = the fifth lesson three fifteen = a quarter past three.
分數(shù)的表達:one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二
注意:1.分子超過1時,分母加s
2.含分數(shù)的短語作主語由分數(shù)后的詞決定謂語
One third of the students are girls.
一二三,特殊記;詞尾分別tdd:one—first two—second three—third
八去t ,九去e ;ve則以f替: eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth
ty 則變作 ti ; 后面還有一個e: twenty—twentieth
要是遇到幾十幾;只將個位變成序:twenty-one –-twenty-first
1.---There are sixty students in our class. And ______ of us are boys.
---Wow! You have forty girls!
A. one fourth B. one third C. two fifths D. two thirds
2.A new study proves a_____ walk every day is enough to keep people away from becoming fat.
A.30-minute B.30 minute’s C.30-minutes D. 30 minutes
3.Today is my mother’s ________ birthday. I will buy her a gift.
A. fourteen B. fourteenth C. forty D. fortieth
4.---How long will Philip stay here?
---Two ______ weeks till he lives. (many)
5.Today is my mother’s ________ birthday. I will buy her a gift. (forty)
當賓語從句是指客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時,則只能用一般現(xiàn)在時。
She said (that) the sun rises in the east.
此類賓從的主語與主句的主語(或賓語)相同時,可替換為“疑問詞 + to do”
①.I haven’t decided where I will go what to do
=I haven’t decided where to go = what I can /should do
②.He asked me what I bought we,he,she,they
= He asked me what to buy.
“so… that +否定句”與“too… to”的替換:
1)He is young he go to school.
= He is too young to go to school(主、從句主語相同)
2)He ran fast that we catch up with .
= He ran so fast that us to catch up with. (主、從句主語不同)
3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it
= The box is heavy me to carry.(注意carry后省去賓語it)
“so… that +從句”與“enough to”的替換:
1)He’s so weak that he can’t carry the box.
= He’s to carry the box.
2)The question is so easy that I can answer it
=The question is me to answer.
用whether不用if的幾種情況
后接不定式: I can’t decide (A.whether B.if ) to go to Beijing.
接or / or not: want to know (A.whether B.if ) you will go to the park or not.
定語從句引導詞(關(guān)系詞):位于從句與先行詞之間,起連接作用,同時在從句中充當一定的成分。先行詞分兩類:
1.關(guān)系代詞 who(作主語), whom(作賓語), whose(作定語), which(作主語、賓語), that(作主語、賓語).
2.關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why.
注意:1.如果關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,引導詞可以省略.
The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
2.關(guān)系代詞作賓語時,可放在介詞后。但當關(guān)系代詞是that時,不能放在介詞后。This is the house Lu Xun once lived
= This is the house Lu Xun once lived .
=This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
=This is the house Lu Xun once lived
如何選用引導詞:一般情況引導詞的選用是受先行詞決定的——先行詞是人時用that , who , whom , whose; 先行詞是物時用that , which; 先行詞是時間、地點時用when , where.
The boy who / that is standing under the tree is Jim.
Do you know the girl whose mother is a driver?
Have you been to the factory where your father works?
但注意區(qū)別:who / that (指人);which / that (指物)
1.修飾人只用who的情況:
a. 先行詞是one , ones , anyone , those 時。
b. there be句型中修飾名詞時。
c. 先行詞后有一個較長的定語。
1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his home- work should stay after school.
沒交作業(yè)的任何人放學后都要留下。
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate.
校門口有位想見你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?
昨天下午在公園你見過那個穿紅襯衫的人嗎?
2.修飾人或物只用that的情況:
a.先行詞為指物的不定代詞all , much , little, few , everything , something , anything , nothing
b.先行詞前有最高級、序數(shù)詞及l(fā)ast , only , very , all , no時
c.先行詞既有人,又有物時
d.主句是who / which引導的特殊疑問句,而先行詞又指人或物時。
1) Is there anything that I can do for you? 有讓我做的事嗎?
2) He is the only one that can help us at the moment.
他是現(xiàn)在能幫助我們的唯一的人。
3) He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他談論著他拜訪過的老師和參觀過的學校。
4) Which is the machine that we used last Sunday?
我們上周星期天用過的機器是哪一臺?
3.修飾物只用which的情況:
a. 先行詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時
b. 先行詞為that時
1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 這就是魯迅以前住過的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in your arms? 你抱著的那個是什么?
定語從句可簡化為短語:
1.定語從句為被動語態(tài)時可簡化為過去分詞短語;定語從句為現(xiàn)在進行時可簡化為現(xiàn)在分詞短語。
2.定語從句的謂語(be)后是介詞短語,可簡化為介詞短語作定語。
3.定語從句的謂語動詞含情態(tài)動詞,可簡化為不定式。
1)I bought a book that was written by Lu Xun.
= I bought a book by Lu Xun.
2)Tell the children who are playing there not to do that.
= Tell the children there not to do that.
3)The book on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing .
反意疑問句:陳述部分含否定意味的詞(few, little, never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none),附加疑問句應使用肯定形式(但前綴詞unhappy, unlike, disappear等列外)
They are unhappy, aren’t they?
陳述部分的主語是everything, something, nothing, anything時,附加疑問句的主語應用it;陳述部分的主語是everybody, somebody, nobody, everyone, no one時,附加疑問句的主語應用they。
1)Everything is ready, ___________?
2)Everyone is here, ____________?
陳述部分是祈使句時,附加疑問句一般用:will you? 但注意:
Let’s … , shall we? Let us … , will you?
陳述部分含must時,附加疑問句一般用needn’t.
I must finish my work now, _________?
陳述部分是there be結(jié)構(gòu)時,應用there be結(jié)構(gòu)來完成。
There’s little water, ___________
陳述部分含賓語從句時,疑問部分通常與主句一致。但當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe且主語是I , we時,即:I / We think (believe) + 賓從,則附加問句應與從句一致。I’m sure + 賓從也是如此
1)She said I did it, ____________?
2)We don’t think you are right, ________?
3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
I’m… , aren’t I? I am older than you, __________?
陳述部分含had better, 疑問部分應用had better來回答。
You’d better go out , ___________?
陳述部分是感嘆句,附加問句的人稱代詞應與主語一致。
1)What a kind girl, __________?
2)What a fine day, ___________?
新目標英語八年級(初二)下冊預習(復習)資料unit 1 Will people have robots?
知識點:
1. 形容詞,副詞的比較等級考查熱點透視:
a) 表示A與B在程度上相同時, “as+形容詞或副詞的原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示A不如B時,可用“not as/so+形容詞或副詞的原級+as”結(jié)構(gòu)。
b) 表示A比B在程度上“更…..”時,可用“形容詞或副詞的比較級+than”結(jié)構(gòu)
c) 表示三者或三者以上的比較,其中一個在程度上“最…..”時,常用“the+形容詞或副詞的最高級”結(jié)構(gòu),后面可帶“of/in的短語”來說明比較的范圍。(注意:副詞的最高級在句中常省略“the”.)
d) 在形容詞或副詞的比較級前,可以用“a little, even, far, much,still”的等詞語來修飾,以加強語氣。
e) 表示“越來越….”時,常用“形容詞或副詞的比較級+and+形容詞或副詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu),但要注意,對于多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞,副詞而言,若要表達此意時,要用“more and more+形容詞或副詞的原級“結(jié)構(gòu)。
f) 在表示“其中最….之一“的含義時,常使用 “one of+the+形容詞最高級形式+名詞復數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu),其中的定冠詞the不可以省略。
g) 如果強調(diào)“兩者中比較…的(一個)”的意思時,可使用“the+形容詞比較級+其它”結(jié)構(gòu)。
h) 表示“越….越….”, 可使用“the+形容詞或副詞的比較級,the+形容詞或副詞的比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。
2 .一般將來時
a) 一般將來時的構(gòu)成:由助動詞shall或will加動詞原形構(gòu)成,shall用于第一人稱。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞后常簡略為’ll, will not常簡略為won’t。這個時態(tài)的肯定,否定和疑問結(jié)構(gòu)可表示如下:
肯定句否定句疑問句
I (We)shall(will) go.
You(He, She, They) will go.I(We)shall(will) not go.
You(He, She, They)will not go.Shall I(we) go?
Will you (he, she, they) go?
用”be going to +動詞原形”也可表示將來時,表示將要發(fā)生的事,打算或決定要做的事。
b)一般將來時的用法:1)表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況;2) 不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移,肯定要發(fā)生的事情。The day after tomorrow will be National Day.后天是國慶日。
3. in/after:in是指以現(xiàn)在時間為起點的“在一段時間以后”。也可以表示“在將來多少時間之內(nèi)”,句子中的謂語動詞要用一般將來時態(tài);after常指以過去時間為起點的“一段時間之后”,所以它與過去時態(tài)連用。當after指某個特定的未來時刻或日期之后,或指以將來某一時間為起點的若干時間之后時,它可以與將來時態(tài)連用。
4.more, less, fewer的用法區(qū)別:more為many, much的比較級,意為“更多”,可修飾可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞。Less是little的比較級,意為“更好,較少”,修飾不可數(shù)名詞。Fewer是few的比較級,意為“更少”,修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)。
【注意】few, little表示否定“幾乎沒有”。a few, a little表示肯定“一點,幾個”。
5.would like sth意思為“想要某物“; would like to do意思為”想要做某事“?;卮饂ould like句型的一般疑問句時,其肯定回答為 “Yes, please.”;否定回答“No, thanks”或 “I’d like /love to, but….”
6. Such作形容詞,意思是“如此的”“這樣的”,修飾各種名詞。
? Such這樣的。如It is such bad weather.天氣如此惡劣。
? Such常和as搭配,表示一種類別。如We enjoy such a voice as hers.我們喜歡象她那樣的嗓子。
? Such常和表示結(jié)果的that從句搭配,表示“如此….以至于…”如
It was such a hot day that we all had to stay at home.
A.Such…that…和so…that…都可用來引出一個結(jié)果狀語從句。由于such是形容詞,所以that從句前有一個受such修飾的名詞;而so 是副詞,用以修飾形容詞或副詞,因此that從句前一般不出現(xiàn)名詞。如
They are such kind-hearted teachers that people in the village all respect them.
The exam was so difficult that many students failed to pass it.
(3)如果名詞是可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式,such和so的位置不同:
such+a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞
so+形容詞+a/an+單數(shù)名詞
(4)如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或名詞復數(shù),只可用such,不能用so.:
such+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞
(5)如果被修飾的不可數(shù)名詞被much, little, 或復數(shù)名詞被many, few等表示量的形容詞修飾時,用so,不用such.
(6)當little表示“年紀小的”時,可用such+little+名詞。
7.be able to 為“能,會”,表示能力,在這個意義上與can的意思相同,一般情況下兩者可以互換,但can只有現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)而be able to則用于更多的時態(tài),主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化。兩者在用法上有一些差異:can (could)表示主觀能力不表示意愿,它的將來時用will be able to而 be able to表示主觀意愿強調(diào)克服困難做某事。
unit 2 What should I do?
知識點:
1..loud是形容詞,loud-louder-loudest意思是“響亮的”;作副詞時,常與talk, sing, laugh 等詞連用,如speak loud; loudly “大聲地”帶有喧鬧的意味,常用來修飾shout, cry, call, knock等動詞,通常沒有比較級和最高級,作狀語;aloud 副詞,出聲地,大聲地,僅指發(fā)出聲音(以使能被聽得見)。
2.Enough為形容詞,意思是“足夠的”;enough +n.修飾名詞enough money; adj/adv+enough修飾形容詞或副詞;enough to do 足夠做某事
3.present, gift禮物:gift帶有一定的感情色彩,通常指昂貴的“禮物”,強調(diào)送禮人的誠意,有時有“捐贈”之意,多用于正式場合;present指為表達情誼,敬意或出于禮節(jié),在某特定時刻或場合贈送的“禮物”,此禮物價值不一定高。make sb a present of把…作為禮物送給
4.borrow, lend: borrow“借入,借給”即說話人向他人借東西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent“借出,借給”即說話人把自己的東西借給他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb
5 except,besides除…之外: except除了…都,besides強調(diào)“除了…之外還有…”在no one, nobody, nothing等詞后加介詞but也表示“除了”。
6.find out, find, look for: find out“找出,發(fā)現(xiàn),查明”多指通過調(diào)查,詢問,打聽,研究之后搞清楚,弄明白或指找出較難找到的,無形的抽象的東西;find“找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)”通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)有形的東西也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物的某種情況,強調(diào)找的結(jié)果;look for“尋找”強調(diào)動作。
7.talk about談到,談論;talk of談到,說到;have a talk with與..談談,做報告;talk to sb對…談話;talk with sb與…交談;talk to sb和talk with sb 均表示“和某人談話”,“講話”。talk to sb比較常用,側(cè)重一方談,一方聽;talk with sb側(cè)重雙方交談;talk about sb則表示“談論某人”
8.miss 和lose:miss意思為“發(fā)現(xiàn)丟失”“覺得不在”;lose意思為“丟失”“失去”。在本質(zhì)上,miss是一種主觀感覺,而lose是一種客觀結(jié)果。
9.be used to doing習慣于做某事;used to do過去常常,暗含與現(xiàn)在明顯的不同,只用于過去時;be used to do是use的被動語態(tài),意思是….被用來做某事。
10.own 與 have: own強調(diào)的是擁有,占有某物為自己的財產(chǎn),但所占有的東西目前不一定是由人使用,強調(diào)所有權(quán);have為普通動詞,表示的所有關(guān)系。own +n. egWho owns the dog? ;own +賓語+賓補 eg. He owns himself wrong.;own+從句eg. He owns that he is wrong. ;of one’s own完全屬于某人自己的;on one’s own獨立地,自愿地;with one’s own ears親耳
11. attend, join, take part in: attend“出席,參加,上學”attend school 上學,attend meeting出席會議;take part in 參加,是指參與某項活動 take an active part in積極參加;join 參加,當join用于加入某個團體或組織,成為其中的一員,后面直接跟名詞,當join表示參加某項活動時后面跟介詞in .
unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?
知識點:
1. 過去進行時
a) 過去進行時由“was/were+動詞ing形式”構(gòu)成。以動詞work為列,其肯定式,否定式,疑問式以及簡略答語見下表:
肯定式:I/He/She/It was working. We/You/ They were working.
否定式:I/He/She/It was not working. We/You/They were not working.
疑問式和簡略答語:Was I working? Yes, you were.
Was he working? No, he wasn’t.
【注意】was not常簡略為wasn’t; were not常簡略為weren’t
b) 過去進行時的用法:過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作。這一特定的過去時間,除有上,下文暗示以外,一般用時間狀語來表示
2. not …until直到…才。表示動作在某時之前尚未開始,直到此時動作才開始。not…until可以用after或when來代替,但主句謂語動詞要用肯定形式。Until為連詞時后接時間狀語從句,until作介詞時,后面接表示時間的名詞。Until 用于肯定句多表示動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到until所表示的時間為止,意思為“直到…” from..till…中till往往表示不太具體的時間。From …to…或from…until常用來表示具體的時間。
3. find it…to do,it在此句中為形式賓語代表動詞不定式,動詞不定式為真正的賓語,常用于這種用法的動詞有find, feel, think, make等。
4. “疑問詞+不定式“結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個名詞性從句,常常可用同等成分的從句代替。改寫時,只需在疑問詞后面加一個適當?shù)闹髡Z(這個主語一般與主句的主語一致),并將不定式改成適當形式的謂語即可。如,Where to go is still a question.= Where we should go is still a question.
5. when 與while:when連接的狀語從句是個特殊句型,“前一個分句(謂語動詞用過去進行時)+when(作并列連詞,意思為“這時,突然”)+后一個分句(謂語動詞用一般過去時)”表示在前一個動作正在進行的過程中突然發(fā)生了后一個動作, when強調(diào)動作的突然性,when后面的動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞;while表示“在….過程中”,強調(diào)在一段時間內(nèi),所以while引導的從句中的謂語動詞必須為延續(xù)性動詞。在狀語從句中,若從句放在句首時,應用逗號與主句隔開。
6. 感嘆句的構(gòu)成:What +a/an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!What a good book it is!
What+形容詞+復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!What easy questions they are!
What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+主語+謂語!What cold weather it is!
How+形容詞+主語+be動詞!How nice the watch is!
How +副詞+主語+謂語!How hard they are working!
8.take place, happen“發(fā)生”:take place指“發(fā)生事先計劃或預想到的事物”;happen指“一切客觀事情或情況的偶然或未能預見地發(fā)生”。兩者都是不及物動詞或短語,后面不能跟賓語,也不能用于被動語態(tài);happen的意義很廣泛,而take place 僅用于歷史上的事件,集會等,是先行布置而后發(fā)生或舉行的事件,它不用于地震等自然界的現(xiàn)象。
happen to do 巧遇 sth happens to sb某人遭遇某事
9.不定代詞all, both, each,every與not連用時,只表示部分否定,在否定句中用and連接兩個賓語,表語,定語,狀語時,只表示部分否定,并且否定 and后面的部分;如用or連接句中兩個部分,則表示全部否定。如,She isn’t a bright and beautiful girl.她并不是一個既聰明又漂亮的女孩。(部分否定) She isn’t a bright or beautiful girl.她是一個既不聰明又不漂亮的女孩。(全部否定)。 unit 4 He said I was hard-working.
知識點:
A.在稱述句中直接引語和間接引語的轉(zhuǎn)換:
B.直接引語:說話人直接引用別人的原話。
C.間接引語:說話人用自己的話把別人的意思轉(zhuǎn)述出來。
D.直接引語一般前后要加引號;間接引語不用引號。
E.規(guī)則:1)人稱變化:從句中的第一人稱多改為第三人稱;第二人稱根據(jù)情況改為第一或第三人稱;第三人稱不變。2)時態(tài)變化:如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)方面要做以下變化:
直接引語間接引語
一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時(客觀真理除外)
一般將來時過去將來時
現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時
如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時,直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時,從句的動詞時態(tài)保持不變;直接引語如果是客觀真理變?yōu)殚g接引語時,時態(tài)保持不變。3)其他指示代詞,時間狀語,地點狀語和動詞等的變化。直接引語中的一些指示代詞,時間狀語和地點狀語須作相應的變化:
直接引語間接引語
指示代詞this這 these這些that那 those那些
時間狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時
today 今天that day 那天
tonight 今晚that night那天晚上
this week 這星期that week那個星期
yesterday 昨天the day before前一天
last week 上星期the week before前一個星期
ago以前before 以前
tomorrow明天the next/following day第二天
next week 下星期the next week 第二個星期
地點狀語here 這里there 那里
動詞come來go 去
【注意】1)直接引語中的時間狀語根據(jù)實際情況轉(zhuǎn)述為間接引語時,有時不需要改變,如tomorrow。如果轉(zhuǎn)述的動作發(fā)生在當天,無需改變;如果轉(zhuǎn)述的動作不在當天,則需將tomorrow變?yōu)閠he next day.
2.habit, practice, custom: habit指“個人由于自然條件,社會環(huán)境,愛好或經(jīng)常接觸而導致可以為常的行為或特性”;practice語氣比habit弱,指“個人或大家都習慣了的做法或工作與生活的方式?!?custom指“經(jīng)過一段時期在某人,地區(qū)或社會中形成的傳統(tǒng)習慣或風俗?!?/p>
3.bring, take, carry: bring指“從別處把東西或人帶來”“拿來”,表示將人或物帶到或拿到說話者所在的位置的這個動作;take指“把東西帶走或拿走”,表示將人或物拿開或帶離說話者所在的位置的這個動作; carry指“隨身攜帶(不說明方向)有時含有 “負擔”的意思。
4.Surprise用法:1)surprise作名詞,表示“驚奇,詫異”;2)surprise作幾物動詞(后接某人作賓語)表示“使…驚奇”;surprise的過去分詞作表語,表示“感到驚奇”;to one’s surprise表示“使…吃驚的是”;be surprised at sth/sb表示“對…感到驚奇”。
5.however 與 but:兩者均可作“但是,然而”,而且都引出并列分句。從語義上看,but所表示的是非常明顯的對比,轉(zhuǎn)折的意味較however要強;從語法上看,but是并列連詞,而however卻是連接副詞;從語序上看,but總是位于所引出的分句前,而however卻可位于句首,句中和句末,但是譯成漢語時一定要把它放在分句之首;從標點符號上看,but之后一般不使用逗號,而however則必須用逗號分開。However當連詞用時,“無論以何種方式,不管怎樣”,引導讓步狀語從句。
6.first, at first與first of all:1)first可以做副詞,意思是“首先,第一次,最初地”,指第一次做某事或首先做某事,first還可以用作形容詞,意思是“第一的,最初的,主要的,一流的”,first作名詞,意思是“首要,第一,最初”2)at first的意思是“起初,當初”,指剛剛開始做某事的時候,暗示后來的情況有所改變3)first of all的意思是“第一,最初,首先”,同first的用法相同,但語氣上比first要強,常常用來加強語氣。
7.true, real: true意思為“真的”“真正的”,強調(diào)與實際相符,而不是杜撰的,它與real相對。與to連用,意思是“忠實的”,true用作名詞,與定冠詞the連用,表示“真實,真理”等;real無此意。Real是形容詞,強調(diào)客觀存在的“真實”“實在”,不是想象的。
8.above, on,over:三者都有“在…上”之意。1)on表示兩者上下緊貼在一起2)over表示一種直接的垂直概念,但沒有上下緊貼的意思,反義詞為under.3)above既不表示垂直的上下概念,也無相互緊貼的意思,反義詞是below.
unit5 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time.
知識點:
1. If引導的條件狀語從句:1)構(gòu)成:if引導的條件狀語從句表示“如果…”。構(gòu)成形式為“主句+一般將來時時態(tài)+if從句+一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)”,或“If從句+一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主句+一般將來時態(tài)”。2)用法:表示假設或條件
2. half 與half of的用法:1)half the class中的“half”為形容詞,意思“一半的,半個的”2) “half of+代詞/the+名詞”中的half為名詞,意思為“一半,半個”。當該結(jié)構(gòu)在句子作主語時,謂語動詞必須和該詞組中的代詞或名詞保持數(shù)的一致。即當代詞或名詞為單數(shù)時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;若所接名詞或代詞為復數(shù),則謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。
3. all the time與always: all the time是個副詞性的短語,意思為“一直”“始終”,表示某一特定階段開始一直到結(jié)束,不表示頻度,多置于句末。除此,all the time還有“不斷”的意思;always為表示頻度的副詞,意思為“總是”,表示動作的反復,狀態(tài)的繼續(xù),中間沒有間斷,其反義詞為never。它與進行時態(tài)連用時,常翻譯成“總是”,“老是”,帶有贊美,厭煩,不滿等感情色彩。
4.Enough的用法:1)enough to do sth表示“足夠…可以做…”2)enough也可以用“for+賓語+to do sth的結(jié)構(gòu)”3)enough修飾名詞時前面不用冠詞4)當主語是代詞時,enough可以作表語。當主語是名詞時,enough不能做表語。
5.Choose的用法:1)choose+名詞 意思為“選擇…”;2)choose+between/from從…中選擇;3)choose to do選擇做某事
6.Exercise的用法:1)運動,鍛煉,是不可數(shù)名詞2)體操,練習,是可數(shù)名詞。3)動詞,使….運動
7.wear, put on, have on, dress: wear“穿著”“戴著”,表示狀態(tài),是延續(xù)性動詞,一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在進行時表示暫時狀態(tài);put on“穿上”“戴上”,表示動作,是非延續(xù)性動詞;have on“穿著”“戴著”,表示狀態(tài)可以與wear互換;dress“穿上”“穿著”,既表示狀態(tài),也表示動作,既可以作及物動詞,也可以作不及物動詞。Dress作及物動詞,表示“給自己或別人穿(衣服)”,賓語是人,常用被動語態(tài)。dress oneself給。。穿衣服。dress up化裝
8.a lot, a lot of與lots of三者都有“許多,很多”的意思。a lot of, lots of一般用于肯定句,后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞;a lot作名詞時=a lot of thins,作副詞,修飾動詞或形容詞,副詞比較級。
unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?
知識點:
1.現(xiàn)在完成時的意義:1)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常用的時間狀語有already, yet,ever, never, just等2)表示從過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),常常和表示一段時間的狀語連用。常見的表示一段時間的狀語有:for+一段時間,since+時間點。2)構(gòu)成形式:助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞3)a.It is the first / second time…. that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分,用現(xiàn)在完成時。
b.This is the… that…結(jié)構(gòu),that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.
注意:非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。
2.怎樣區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在讓我們來比較一下現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時。在比較這兩個時態(tài)時,關(guān)鍵在于對現(xiàn)在完成進行時的基本概念是否理解,因為對于現(xiàn)在完成時我們已經(jīng)有了一個基本的理解了。
現(xiàn)在完成進行時是一兼有現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在進行時二者基本特點的時態(tài)。由于它有現(xiàn)在完成時的特點,所以它可以表示某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。由于它有現(xiàn)在進行時的特點,所以它也可以表示某一動作的延續(xù)性、臨時性、重復性、生動性乃至感情色彩。
現(xiàn)在就現(xiàn)在完成進行時的這些特點和現(xiàn)在完成時作一簡單的比較:
(1)現(xiàn)在完成進行時和現(xiàn)在完成時皆可表示動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果,但前者所表示的結(jié)果是直接的,而后者所表示的則是最后的結(jié)果。
(2)現(xiàn)在完成進行時有時有延續(xù)性,現(xiàn)在完成時往往沒有。如:
Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a)
Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b)
(a)句有“史密斯先生在倫敦久居”的含義,(b)句則沒有。
(3)但現(xiàn)在完成進行時并不總是具有臨時的性質(zhì),如:
My moth! er has been teaching English for twenty years.(a)
My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b)
(a)句在此并無臨時性質(zhì),但較口語化。(b)句則較為正式。又,(a)句表示動作現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù).并將延續(xù)下去,(b)句的動作是否延續(xù)下去,須由上下文決定,但在一般情況下都是延續(xù)下去的。
(4)現(xiàn)在完成進行時往往表示動作在重復,現(xiàn)在完成時則常常不帶重復性。如:
Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
Have you met her lately?(b)
(a)句有“經(jīng)常相會”之意,(b)句則沒有。(b)句如與often,every day等時間狀語連用,當然也表示動作在重復。
(5)現(xiàn)在完成進行時比較生動,有時含有明顯的感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時往往只說明一個事實,一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒有什么感情色彩可言。如:
What have you been doing?(a)
What have you done?(b)
(a)句表示驚異。(b)句只是一個問題。
下面還有一例,頗為有趣:
Who's been eating my apples?(a)
Who's eaten my apples?(b)
(a)句有強烈的感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿,(b)句只是希望回答的一個問題。又,(a)句兼有進行時態(tài),所以有“蘋果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成時態(tài),說明“蘋果一個不剩了”。
3.現(xiàn)在完成進行時的含義:表示過去某一時間開始到現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常重復的動作。
現(xiàn)在完成進行時的構(gòu)成:助動詞have/has been+v.ing形式。當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)十,助動詞用has,其他人稱用have.
現(xiàn)在完成進行時的用法:主要表示現(xiàn)在以前這一段時間里一直在進行的一個動作,這個動作可能仍然在進行,也可能停止了一會兒。
4。for 的用法:1)在回答How long…?的問句時,for表示所指時間或距離的全部,在這個含義上與表示“特定期間中某個長度”的during 不同。2)可以用在過去時,現(xiàn)在時,將來時中,但是若表示持續(xù)進行到現(xiàn)在為止時,則不能用現(xiàn)在時,而要用現(xiàn)在完成時。3)表示某事物在所述時間要發(fā)生。
5.since 用法:1)conj.自…以后;自從,后接從句表示以過去的某個時間為起點,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或過去的某個時候。Since之后可以接過去時的句子,也可以接表示過去的時間點。2)prep.自…來,從…(至今)
【注意】since除了可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用外,還可以與過去完成時,現(xiàn)在完成進行時連用。
【擴展】since, for都可以與完成時態(tài)連用。Since用來說明動作的起始時間,而for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間,因此,since后跟表示某一時間點的名詞短語,for后面跟表示一段時間的名詞短語。
6.each 的用法:1)adj.各個的,各自的,每一個的。置于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前。2)pron.各個,各自。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Each, every: each指兩個或兩個以上的人或事物中的“每個”;every指三個以上的人或事物的全體,和all的意思相近;every只修飾單數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞用單數(shù),each為形容詞修飾單數(shù)名詞,謂語動詞為單數(shù)。作代詞,單獨使用,接單數(shù)動詞,放在復數(shù)名詞和代詞后作同位語,接復數(shù)謂語動詞;代表each與every的物主代詞可以用his也可以用their.
【擴展】each of之后接名詞或代詞的復數(shù)形式,接名詞時一定要附加the或my等詞,即“each of+代詞的復數(shù)形式”或“each of+the/my+名詞的復數(shù)形式”,但謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。
7.ago與before“以前”:ago表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時間“以前”,和動詞的一般過去時連用。放在所修飾詞的后面。Before則表示從過去某時算起若干時間以前,用于完成時。ago,before前可以與具體時間連用“多少時間之前”
8.含有half的表達方式:數(shù)詞+名詞(單/復數(shù))+and +a half; 數(shù)詞+and+a half+名詞(復數(shù))
9.Because, since, as, for:四個詞都表示“原因”的連詞。以上連詞的語氣由強到弱依次為because-since-as-for其中because,since,as從屬連詞,引導原因狀語從句;for為并列連詞,連接兩個并列句。a)because“因為”,表示直接原因回答why的提問,一般放在主句之后,可單獨存在。b)since“因為”“既然”,側(cè)重主句從句表示雖然的或已知的理由。c)as“由于”,主從句并重,從句說明原因,主句說明結(jié)果。d)for“因為,由于”,表明附加或推斷的理由,引導的從句前常有逗號,for從句不放在句首。
10.Probably副詞,相當于almost certainly,意思為“或許,大概,很可能”一般不放在not等含有否定意義的詞之后。
11.run out, run out of: run out“用完了”,主語通常為時間,食物,金錢,不用于被動語態(tài);run out of“用完了”,表示主動含義,主語一般為人,多用于進行時和完成時。
14.Teach的用法:teach sb sth教某人學某事;teach doing教導做…, 教…;teach sb to do教某人做某事;teach sb+that從句 教育人…. 15.被動語態(tài):1)被動語態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式:主語+助動詞be+構(gòu)成形式2)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài):被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)是通過助動詞be的變化來體現(xiàn)。這個助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)相一致。3)主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)相比(箭頭表示動作方向)
主動語態(tài):主語(動作發(fā)出者)→謂語(及物動詞)→賓語(動作承受者)
被動語態(tài):主語(動作承受者)←謂語(be+動詞過去分詞)←賓語(動作發(fā)出者)
He wrote the letter. →The letter was written by him.
4)主動句變被動句的基本句式:
a) 主:主語+助動詞(情態(tài)動詞)+謂語+賓語
被:主語(原賓語)+助動詞(情態(tài)動詞)+be+動詞過去分詞+by+原主語
如,We will help him.→He will be helped by us.
b) 主:主語+動詞短語+賓語
被:主語(圓賓語)+be+動詞短語的過去分詞+by+原主語
如,They looked after the babies.→The babies were looked after by them.
c) 主:主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
被:主語(間接賓語)+be+動詞過去分詞+原直接賓語
主語(直接賓語))+be+動詞過去分詞+to(for)+原間接賓語+(by+原主語)
如,We gave him some magazines.→He was given some magazines.
Some magazines were given to him by us.
【注意】一般將主動句中表示人的間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍泳渲械闹髡Z。
d) 主:主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補足語
被:主語(原賓語)+be+過去分詞+原賓語補足語
如,They elected him their monitor.→He was elected their monitor.
【注意】如果主動句中賓語補足語是不帶to的不定式,變成被動語態(tài)后一般要加to.
I saw him go to the church.→He was seen to go to the church.
【擴展】一般在以下幾種情形時,需要使用被動語態(tài)。
1) 不知道動作的執(zhí)行者,只知道動作的承受者時。
When we got there, the room had been cleaned already.
2) 不必要說出或出于禮貌不便說出動作的執(zhí)行者時。
I was told that you were not honest enough.
3)有必要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時。
You were asked to answer this question.
16.if與whether:if和whether均可用于賓語從句中,意為“是否”;if用于條件句中,表示“如果”,不能和or連用;whether常與or連用,表示兩種條件或情況。
【擴展】if not..如果不是…,表示驚訝或憎惡等情緒;if only意為“若…那就好了,我多么希望…”相當于how I wish;only..if..意為“決不…除非…”
If it hadn’t been for the doctor’s care, I should not be speaking to you now.如果不是醫(yī)生的照顧,我現(xiàn)在就不會和你說話了。
If only he arrives in time!若他及時到達就好了。
I’ll only come if you promise me that you won’t invite Henry.除非你答應不請亨利,否則我不會來。
unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?
知識點:
1. 基本用法:1)Would you mind doing?=Do you mind doing..?“你介意…?” “請你…好不好?”是一種比較客氣的表達方式。2)如果要表示“請你不要做…好嗎?”只需在doing 前面加not.應答用語:1)如果同意表示不介意時,可用如下用語來表達:Certainly not.; Of course not.;No,not at all.;Not at all.“好,可以”2)如果不同意表示介意時,常用“Sorry.”“I’m sorry, but…”及陳述某種理由來表示拒絕或反對。;這一句型中的邏輯主語只能是談話的對方y(tǒng)ou,如果想要對方允許自己做某事,可以用 “Would you mind my doing..?句型。
2. 形容詞與副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化:1)以le結(jié)尾去e變y,possible→possibly;2)在形容詞后直接加ly,usual→usually;3)在以輔音字母+e結(jié)尾直接加ly,wide→widely;4)以元音字母+e結(jié)尾,去e加ly,true→truly;5)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i+ly,happy→happily
3. put on, wear, dress,have on, in: put on強調(diào)動作過程“穿上”為瞬間動詞;wear表示結(jié)果或狀態(tài)“穿著”,持續(xù)動詞;dress強調(diào)穿的動作,后面不能跟賓語(衣服)等,還可以作名詞,意思是“服裝”,dress up化裝,dress oneself 給某人穿衣服,dress in穿衣服,have on表示“穿…”,相當于wear,但沒有進行時態(tài);in介詞,后跟表示顏色的名詞,表示穿著某種顏色的衣服。
4. in a minute, soon等多用于將來時,表示即將去做某事
in+時間段,after+時間段:1)“in+時間段”只能用于一般將來時,“after+時間段”可以用于過去時和將來時2)當二者都用于將來時的時候“in+時間段”表示從現(xiàn)在算起在一定時間內(nèi),動作將在未來一周之內(nèi)的某一個具體時間內(nèi)發(fā)生?!癮fter+時間段”是從這段時間之后算起,動作將在這段時間之后發(fā)生。
5. very, too, so, quite以上幾個副詞均修飾形容詞,副詞表示程度,“很,太,非?!?very應用最普遍“很”,只是一個表示程度的副詞,它表示的程度比quite要強得多,very只用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級;too“太”,一般表示“相對某人而言”;so“如此…,那么…”,往往表明某一事物的程度時,會引起另一種后果。換言之,so所修飾的人或物表示原因后面會有表示結(jié)果的句子。So…that…如此…以致于;quite既可以表示充分肯定,意思是 “完全;十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“完全,十分”,也可以表示程度,意思是“相當”,quite可修飾動詞,v.ing,形容詞,副詞,分詞等。quite a +adj+n. a very+adj.+n
6. move from…to …從…搬到…,遷移;move on繼續(xù)向前走
7. yet, already,still:yet用于疑問句中,意為“現(xiàn)在,已經(jīng)”;用于否定句中,意為“還沒”;already與still用于肯定句中,already意為“已經(jīng)”,still意為“還,仍然”,already若用于疑問句中,表示驚訝或意外;yet與still都可以修飾比較級,意為“更加,益發(fā)”。
8. put away收好,儲蓄,放棄;put down放下,撲滅,寫下;put…into…把…翻譯成…;put off延期;put up舉起,張貼,修建;put on穿上,上演
9. See的用法:1)see+從句,意為“看到…,留意…”如,I saw that you weren’t among the students.2)see sb do sth.看到某人做某事;see sb doing看到某人正在做某事;see+名詞 看到
10. voice, sound, noise:在這組詞中,voice可以作名詞或動詞;sound可以作名詞,動詞,形容詞和副詞;noise只能用作名詞。這里僅就它們作名詞表示“聲音”時的用法進行辨析。1)voice專指人的聲音(如說話,唱歌,笑的時候發(fā)出的聲音等)。偶爾也指禽,蟲鳴叫的聲音,但一般不用于指其他動物的叫聲。2)sound表示能聽見的任何聲音。3)noise通常是指大而令人不快的噪音,嘈雜聲,喧鬧聲等。4)sound和noise常與動詞make連用,而voice則不能和make連用。
11. take care意為“當心”,可單獨使用或后接從句和動詞不定式。同義詞組為be careful和look out;take a seat坐下同義詞組為sit down;take an interest in對…感興趣;take away拿走,使離開,消失;take back收回(語言,話語);take care of照顧,注意,保養(yǎng);take charge of負責,接管;take down拿下來,取下來,記下來,拆除;take for granted 想當然,認為,后接賓語從句,此時常以it作形式賓語;take hold of抓住;take in接受,理解,包括;take off脫下,匆匆離開,起飛,停止使用;take office就職;take on接受,雇傭;take out取出,帶。..出來;take part in參加;take place發(fā)生,沒有被動語態(tài);take pride in為。..感到自豪;take sb’s place代替某人;take up從事,占用;take it easy不要過于緊張,別著急。unit 8 Why don’t you get her a scarf?
知識點:
1. get, receive,accept:get有“得到”“獲得”的意思,在表示“獲得”某物時,可能是被動接受也有可能是主動爭取;receive指收到了什么東西,不一定接受,receive a letter from…收到…的來信;accept著重指以愉悅的態(tài)度或經(jīng)過自己的爭取而得到或取得某物。
2. 情態(tài)動詞should:1)表示義務,意為“應該,應當,最好”,比must較為委婉;2)與疑問詞連用,表示意外,納悶,驚訝等,意為“究竟是…;到底…”.
3. 表示建議:1)How/What about+名詞/代詞/動詞-ing形式?2)Why don’t you +動詞原形?=Why not+動詞原形?3)Let’s…以let’s開頭的祈使句,表示建議對方和自己一起做某事。Let’s后接動詞原形。4)Shall we…?以Shall we…?開頭的疑問句,用于建議對方和自己一起做某事。回答時如贊成,常用Yes, let’s.
4. too…to……而不能…,to后面接動詞原形具有否定含義。這一句型常可以轉(zhuǎn)換成so…that…句型。當這種too…to…句型轉(zhuǎn)換成so…that句型時,為保持句意的一致,that引導的結(jié)果狀語從句要根據(jù)時態(tài)用情態(tài)動詞can’t或couldn’t加動詞原形,that從句中的謂語動詞要帶賓語。
The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.
The box is too big for me to carry.= The box is so big that I can’t carry it.
【注意】當動詞不定式和主語在邏輯上構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系時,該動詞后面不能再用it或them作賓語,該動詞如果是不及物動詞,則必須在其后面加上相當?shù)慕樵~或副詞,方可與主語構(gòu)成搭配。如,The ice is too thin for me to skate on.
5. instead, instead of: instead為副詞,在句中獨立作狀語,instead of為介詞短語,后面一般接名詞,代詞,介詞和接動詞-ing形式。
6. for example, such as: for example例如,諸如。多作插入語,當它表示“例如“時,其后面必須有逗號;such as相當于like,意思為 “象…那樣,例如,諸如”,其后面直接加名詞。
7. contest, compete,contend三者都有“競爭”的含義,均為動詞:contest指在競爭中毫無保留地展示自己;compete指在體育或辯論等需要競爭的活動中,為征服或取勝而進行的努力。有時暗指在獎賞的鼓勵或刺激下進行競爭;contend暗示競爭的緊張程度。通常指雙方成功的機會相等,所以為取勝或征服對方就需要艱苦的努力。強調(diào)奮斗或斗爭的必要性。
8. contest,competition:contest指雙方或多方對壘比賽,多指體育比賽,并且在比賽中的每一個人或每一個隊都力圖戰(zhàn)勝對方;competition多指能力,技巧,知識等方面的比賽,競爭。
9. By的用法:by后跟表示交通工具的名詞,意思為“乘,坐”;by意思為“憑借,用,靠”,表示方法或手段,常與v.-ing連用;by意思為“在…旁邊”,用來表示地點,意義和用法近似于beside;by意思為“按照…,根據(jù)…”;by意思為“經(jīng)過”,后常跟go, run, walk之類的動詞;by用于被動語態(tài)中,后跟的名詞表示行為的執(zhí)行者,意思為“被,由”;by意思為“按…(計算)”,用來表示計量;by oneself獨自;by the way順便
10. as well的同義詞為too,意思是“也”;as well as意思為“同,和,也”。用來連接名詞和代詞等。謂語動詞用單數(shù)還是復數(shù)形式,要根據(jù)as well as前的名詞或代詞確定。與動詞連用時,用v-ing形式;as well as同義詞組為not only…but also…但側(cè)重順序不同。
unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
知識點:
1. 現(xiàn)在完成時表示發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。通常表示短暫動作或位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞(非延續(xù)性動詞,不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用;也可以表示過去開始,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。也就上說,現(xiàn)在完成時雖與過去有關(guān),但實際上強調(diào)的是對現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果,句中謂語動詞通常是延續(xù)性動詞,且常與表示一段時間狀語連用(these days,all this year, recently,for+時間段,since+時間點)
2. 通常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的幾個副詞:already,recently,just, ever,never,before,yet等。表示不確定時間的時間詞連用。Already,just多用于肯定句;yet,ever,never多用于疑問句或否定句。
3. 現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu):主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞
4. have been to, have gone to:have been to“到過某地”說話時此人很可能不在那里,已經(jīng)回來,側(cè)重指經(jīng)歷;have gone to“已經(jīng)去了某地”,說話時此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在說話現(xiàn)場。
5. neither開頭的倒裝句:在英語中“Neither+助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/+主語”這個倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)是一種否定形式,表示“兩者都不”。如,I can’t work out the problem. Neither can Li Ming.
6. be from, come from:兩者都為“從…來,出自…”;表示“出身于…”,應用come from
【注意】問別人的出身或敘述自己的出身時,時態(tài)一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時,如果時態(tài)為一般過去時,則表示“從…地方來”。
7.Population的用法:1)population是個集合名詞,意思為“人口,人數(shù)”,常用來指人口的總稱。被看作一個整體時,一般不加-s,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。如,The population of China is about1,300,000,000.
2)如果指一個整體中有多少人數(shù)是干什么的時候,謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式,這時強調(diào)的是一部分人。如,Half of the population in that country are farmers.3)表示“…的人口”時,既可用“the population of+地名”,也可用“the population in +地點”,作主語中心詞時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如,The population in Shenyang is about 8 million.4)表示某國,某城市有多少人口時,用have/has a population of…結(jié)構(gòu)。如,New Zealand has a population of 3,800,000.5)對人口數(shù)量提問用what或what large。用large或big表示人口多,用small表示人口少。
8.If的用法:if引導的條件狀語從句表示“如果…”。構(gòu)成形式為“主句+一般將來時態(tài)+if從句+一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)”,或“If從句+一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主句+一般將來時態(tài)”;if還可以引導虛擬語氣,表示假設的情況或是發(fā)生的可能性不大的情況,從句用過去的某種時態(tài)。
9.Sleepy,sleeping:sleepy可作表語或定語,意思為“想睡的,困的”,可用very 修飾;sleeping所修飾的名詞可以是人也可以是物。
unit10 It’s a nice day, isn’t it?
知識點:
1. 反意疑問句:1)反意疑問句的含義:當對所陳述的某種情況不確定而反問對方時,常用反意疑問句來表達。2)反意疑問句的構(gòu)成:陳述句+簡略疑問句→前部分肯定陳述句+后部分否定疑問句;前部分否定陳述句+后部分肯定疑問句。3)使用反意疑問句時的注意事項:a.前后兩部分要在人稱上保持一致。b.時態(tài)要保持一致(或動詞要保持一致)c.回答的一致性(特別注意中文翻譯)。注意:yes與no后面的回答部分要一致。4)使用反意疑問句時的特殊情況:a.在祈使句后進行附加疑問句時,用will you表示請求。b.在Let’s后面,常用shall we,表示征詢意見。c.在Let us…后面進行附加疑問時,用will you,這一點屬于祈使句范圍。d 在英語口語中,I am 后面的附加疑問句部分常用aren’t I .e 由nothing作主語的句子,附加問句中人稱代詞用it.f.由nobody作主語的句子,附加問句中用they代替nobody.g.如果陳述句部分主語是everyone,someone,anyone,no one等不定代詞,其附加疑問句部分的主語可以用he,也可用they.h There be…后面的附加疑問句部分仍用there. i.s如果陳述句部分含有否定副詞never,few,little等詞時,則其附加疑問句部分用肯定形式。J.反意疑問句要求用yes或no來回答,當陳述句部分為否定形式時,回答要特別注意兩種語言的表達習慣的不同,注意根據(jù)實際情況前后保持一致。
2. cost, price:cost作名詞時表示“費用”,通常指服務費,學習費,生活費或房租費等,price通常指具體物品的價格。詢問價錢用how much來提問。
3. at lest:至少,最少。其中l(wèi)east為little的最高級,little的比較級為less; 無論如何
4. Prepare的用法:1)prepare for為…做準備,相當于get ready for2)prepare+名詞+for +名詞,意思為“為…準備…”.3)prepare+名詞+to do sth意思為“為…而做準備?!?)prepare to do準備做某事
中考英語沖刺復習:易錯題匯編及分析一、名詞、冠詞 1.– What can I do for you? -- I’d like two _______.
A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple
答案: B. (選擇其它三項的同學要注意仔細看題.不要馬虎, 這里box 和apple都是可數(shù)名詞)
2.Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickensB. a chickenC. some chickenD. any chicken
答案: C (選擇A的同學要注意chicken當雞肉講時不可數(shù))
3..________ it is today!
A. What fine weatherB. What a fine weatherC. How a fine weatherD. How fine a weather
答案: A. (選擇B的同學要注意weather不可數(shù). 選擇C和D的同學要注意weather是名詞, 要用what來感嘆.)
4.Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factoryB. shoes factoryC. shoe’s factoryD. shoes’ factory
答案: A. (選擇D的同學注意這里不是指名詞所有格, 而是名詞作形容詞的用法.類似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.)
5.This class ______ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studyingB. is studyingC. be studyingD. studying
答案: A. (選擇B的同學要注意, 當這種概念名詞當 “人”講的時候要做復數(shù)處理.類似的還有: the police are running after the thief等)
6.We will have a _______holiday after the exam.
A. two monthB. two-monthC. two month’sD. two-months
答案: B (選擇C的同學要注意應用two months’; 選擇D的同學要注意名詞之間有 “— ” 后的組合詞當作形容詞來用, 因此就不用所有格形式了.)
7.____trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. ThousandB. ThousandsC. Thousand ofD. Thousands of
答案: D. (選擇C的同學注意詞組記憶的準確性)
8.Our sports meeting will be held ________.
A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, TuesdayC. on Tuesday, April 24D. in April Tuesday 24
答案: C. (選B的同學是受到中文的影響,要特別注意中英文的差異)
9_________ people here are very friendly to us.
A. The B. / C. A D. An
答案: A. (選擇B的同學要注意這里的people是特指這里的, 因此要用定冠詞the)
10..There is no enough ________ in the corner to put the table.
A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground
答案:B (根據(jù)句意知道,這里表示沒有地方放桌子。選A的同學要注意place表示地點,是可數(shù)名詞)
二、代詞
11.Some people like to stay at home, but ________ like to go to the cinema.
A. anotherB. otherC. othersD. other one
答案: C. (選擇B的同學要牢記: some…., others….)
12.-- Is this your shoe? -- Yes, but where is _________?
A. the other oneB. other oneC. another oneD. the others
答案: A. (選擇C的同學要注意鞋是兩只, another指的是三者或者三者以上)
13.– When shall we meet again next week?
-- ______day is possible. It’s no problem with me.
A. EitherB. NeitherC. EveryD. Any
答案: D. (選擇C的同學要注意every指的是每一天都見面, any指的是任何一天都可以.注意中文的干擾)
14.Have you ever seen _______big panda before?
A. a suchB. such aC. so aD. a so
答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意詞組記憶的準確性)
15.-- _______ do you write to your parents?
-- Once a month.
A. How longB. How soonC. How oftenD. How far
答案: C. ( 選擇A的同學要注意中文的干擾. 由回答知道這里指的是寫信的頻率, 用how often表示.)
16.Robert has gone to _____ city and he’ll be back in a week.
A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. any other
答案:C (選擇其它三項的同學要注意,這里沒有說只有兩座城市,因此不能用.)
17.– A latest magazine, please.
-- Only one left. Would you like to have ________?
A. itB. oneC. thisD. that
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意這里指的是上一句中提到的那本雜志,不能用表示泛指的不定代詞one )
18.– Which book would you like to borrow?
-- ________ of the two books is OK with me.
A. EitherB. BothC. AnyD. None
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意is 表示單數(shù).)
19.He knows _________ English ________ French. But he’s very good at Japanese.
A. either; orB. both; andC. neither; norD. either; nor
答案:C (選擇A和B的同學要注意語境.)
20.– What do your parents do?
-- One is a teacher; _________ is a driver.
A. otherB. anotherC. the otherD. that one
答案: C (選擇其它三個選項的同學要注意, one is …, the other is …的用法)
21.Mrs. Lee teaches ________ math. We all like her.
A. weB. usC. ourD. ours
答案: B (選擇C的同學要注意, teach +人+科目, 而不能用teach +某人的+ 科目)
22.There are many trees on ________ side of the street.
A. eitherB. anyC. allD. both
答案:A (選擇D的同學要注意side為單數(shù)。選擇B的同學要注意:街道只有兩邊,因此不能用any)
23.________ is the population of the city?
A. How many B. What C. How many peopleD. How much
答案:B (在問到人口是多少時,其實是在說“人口數(shù)是什么”,因此不能用A,要注意排除中文的干擾。)
三、介詞、連詞
24.Japan is ________ the east of China. A. inB. toC. onD. at
答案: B ( in 表示在范圍里的, on表示緊挨著的; to 表示在范圍以外的)
25.The postman shouted, “ Mr Green, here is a letter ________ you.”
A. to B. fromC. forD. of
答案: C ( 選擇A的同學要注意to 表示動作的方向, for表示有從屬關(guān)系或者利益關(guān)系)
26.We can’t do it ________ your help.
A. withB. ofC. underD. without
答案: D. (選擇C的同學要注意中文的干擾, 借助某人的幫助要用with,反之用without)
27.He hasn’t heard from his friend __________ last month.
A. sinceB. by the end ofC. forD. until
答案: A (選擇B的同學要注意B選項為過去完成時的時間;選擇C的同學要注意, for+時間段; 選擇D的同學要注意不是not…until 句型.until + 句子)
28.I didn’t buy the dictionary yesterday _________ my aunt would give me one.
A. untilB. becauseC. ifD. before 答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意語境)
29.I’m going to look for another job ________ the company offers me more money.
A. afterB. unlessC. whenD. for
答案: B ( 選擇其它三項的同學要注意語境, 這里是指除非公司給我更多工資,否則我就要找其它工作.)
30.Don’t hurry. The bus won’t start ______everybody gets on.
A. sinceB. asC. untilD. when
答案: C (選擇D的同學要注意前面是否定.) 31.Please show me _________ to send an e-mail, John. It’s the first time for me to do it.
A. howB. whatC. whenD. where
答案:A (選擇C的同學要注意認真看題,這里的time不是時間,而是指第一次)
32.You’ve passed the exam. I’m happy ______ you.
A. onB. atC. inD. for
答案:D (選擇A的同學要注意記憶詞組的準確性.)
33.I wonder ________ they finished so many different jobs in such a short time.
A. whyB. howC. whenD. where
答案:B (選擇A的同學要注意語境,這里指他們怎么能在如此短的時間里完成如此多的困難的工作.)
34.-- Do you speak English?
-- Yes, I speak __a little English ___ some French.
A. neither, notB. both, orC. either, orD. not only, but also
答案:D (選擇C的同學要注意語境.)
35.______ the maths problem is difficult, I’ll try very hard to work it out.
A. ThoughB. WhenC. BeforeD. After
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意語境.不能說當題目難的時候,我將努力.而是說盡管題目難,但我將努力解決.)
36.The accident took place ________ a cold February evening.
A. onB. inC. atD. for
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意,在特指的早上、下午、晚上,不用in要用on)
37.He turned ________ the radio because his father was asleep.
A. onB. downC. upD. over
答案:B (根據(jù)語境:他爸爸睡著了,因此不能用A-打開,也不能用C-調(diào)大.D表示反過來)
38.I don’t know the homework _______ today.
A. onB. inC. ofD. for
答案:D (選擇C的同學要注意of表示從屬關(guān)系,要注意中文的干擾.)
39.– Oh, it’s raining heavily.
-- Please don’t leave ________ it stops.
A. whenB. afterC. sinceD. until
答案: D (選擇其它選項的同學要注意讀懂句子, 只有把語境搞清楚才能答對問題.)
40.Jane said she would come here ________ 9:00 and 9:30 tomorrow morning.
A. fromB. atC. betweenD. around
答案: C (選擇B的同學沒有把體看完整; 選擇A的同學沒有注意到from…to…的搭配.)
四、動詞
41.My father went to Shanghai yesterday. He ______ back in two weeks.
A. comesB. has comeC. will comeD. came
答案: C ( 選擇D的同學要注意in +時間段, 表示在未來的一段時間,應用將來時)
42..It’s spring now. The students _______ trees these weeks.
A. plantB. are plantingC. will plantD. planted
答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意 these weeks 并不表示經(jīng)常做某事,而是強調(diào)這幾個星期同學們一直在種樹.)
43..-- __________ you ________ your book to the library?
-- Yes. I returned it yesterday.
A. Did, returnB. Have, returnedC. Will, returnD. Do, return
答案: B ( 選擇A的同學過分注意回答用了一般過去時, 但在上一句中, 并沒有給出過去的時間,強調(diào)你現(xiàn)在是否還書了, 應用現(xiàn)在完成時.)
44.– Must I finish it now? -- No, you ________.
A. mustn’tB. needn’tC. can’tD. shouldn’t
答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意mustn’t意思指不允許, needn’t指的是不必要.)
45..Though it’s cloudy now, it _________ get sunny later.
A. can B. mayC. mustD. need
答案: B ( 選C的同學要注意語境, 這里強調(diào)過些時候也許會晴天, 表示推測性.)
46.It is in the library, you _______ talk loudly.
A. may notB. can’tC. needn’tD. mustn’t
答案: D ( 選擇B的同學要注意中文的干擾.can’t表示不能夠。)
47..If anyone wants to say something in class, you ________ put up your hands first.
A. mustB. mayC. shouldD. can
答案: A ( 選其他三個選項的同學要注意語境,anyone暗示出語氣。表明是一個規(guī)定,而不是建議。)
48.– I called you last night but no one answered the phone.
-- I ______ dinner with my friends in the restaurant.
A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had
答案:C (選擇B和D的同學要注意分析語境.這里指我當時正在和朋友在飯館吃飯.)
49..If you have lost a library book, you have to _________ it.
A. find outB. look afterC. pay forD. take care
答案:C (選擇A的同學要注意語境)
50..He will call me as soon as he _______ the city.
A. reachesB. reachedC. will reachD. is reaching
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意主將從先)
51.The pen _________ him ten yuan.
A. paidB. costC. tookD. spent
答案:B (選擇C的同學要注意took通常用在時間上;選擇A和D的同學要注意,這里的主語是物品,因此不能用paid 和spent)
52..The train _________ for twenty minutes.
A. leftB. has leftC. is leavingD. has been away
答案:D (選擇B的同學要注意,當用完成時表示持續(xù)動作時,要選擇可持續(xù)動詞,不要用瞬間動詞.)
53..– How many books _____ they ________?
-- Five. But they haven’t finished reading even one.
A. did…borrowB. had…borrowedC. will…borrowD. do…borrow
答案:A (選擇B的同學要注意,這里只是問過去發(fā)生的一件事,并不是過去時間之前發(fā)生的.)
54.He _________ his bike so he has to walk there.
A. lostB. has lostC. had lostD. loses
答案:B (選擇A的同學注意句子并沒出現(xiàn)兩個時間點,因此要注意時態(tài)的前后一致.)
55.– Why did the policeman stop us?
-- He told us not _______ so fast in this street.
A. driveB. drivingC. to driveD. drove
答案:C (這里考查的是tell sb. not to do sth.)
五、形容詞、副詞
56.The population of the world in 20th century became very much _________ than that in 19th.
A. bigger B. larger C. greater D. more
答案: B.(選擇其它三項的同學要注意population的固定搭配是large)
57.Miss Li is one of _______ in our school.
A. a popular teacherB. more popular teacherC. most popular teacherD. the most popular teachers
答案:D.(選擇其它三項的同學要注意one of + 復數(shù)的用法.)
58.The magazines are ________ easy that the children can read them well.
A. suchB. soC. tooD. very
答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意easy是形容詞,要用so…that, 而不用such…that)
59.– Would you like ________ more tea?
-- Thank you. I’ve had ________.
A. any, muchB. some, enoughC. some, muchD. any, enough
答案:C (選擇B的同學要注意enough是形容詞, 不能說had enough)
60.I think basketball is _______. I like to watch it.
A. boringB. boredC. excitingD. excited
答案:C (選擇D的同學要注意basketball本身很令人激動,excited表示被什么所感染而激動。)
61.This dinner looks _______ to me, and I like it.
A. terribleB. goodC. badlyD. nicely
答案:B (選擇D的同學要注意look在這里是系動詞,后面要加形容詞。)
62.The math problem is so hard that ________ students can work it out.
A. a fewB. a littleC. manyD. few
答案:D (選擇A、C的同學要注意語境,這里指沒有什么學生能做出來。)
63.– What’s the weather like tomorrow?
-- The radio says it is going to be even ______.
A. badB. worstC. badlyD. worse
答案:D (選擇A的同學要注意,even+比較級)
64.Though she talks ______, she has made ____ friends here.
A. a little, a fewB. little, fewC. little, a fewD. few, a few
答案:C (選擇A的同學要注意語境,這里指雖然她不怎么說話,但她有一些朋友.)
65.He never does his work _______ Mary.
A. as careful asB. so careful asC. as carefully asD. carefully as
答案:C (選擇A和B的同學要注意work 是行為動詞,要用副詞來修飾.)
六、句法
66..If it ________ tomorrow we’ll go to the park.
A. will not rainB. doesn’t rainC. is not rainingD. didn’t rain
答案: B (選擇A的同學要注意if引導的條件狀語從句主句用將來時, 從句用一般現(xiàn)在時.)
67.The radio says the snow ______ late in the day.
A. stopsB. will stopC. has stoppedD. stopped
答案: B. (選擇A的同學要注意語境, late in the day表示 “晚些時候”, 要用將來時)
68.The nurse told the children the sun ______ in the east.
A. risesB. roseC. will riseD. has risen
答案: A ( 選擇B的同學要注意, 雖然主句中用了told, 但太陽從東方升起是真理性事實, 應用一般現(xiàn)在時表示.)
69.– Are you sure you have to? It’s been very late.
-- I don’t know ______ I can do it if not now.
A. whereB. whyC. whenD. how
答案: C ( 選擇D的同學要注意語境, 根據(jù)語境知道這里強調(diào)的是必須先在做,否則就沒有時間了)
70.- Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
-- Her cousin, Susan.
A. thatB. whoseC. whomD. which
答案: C (選擇其它三項的同學要注意語境,這里是指找Susan這個人)
71.– When are the Shutes leaving for New York?
-- Pardon? -- I asked ___________.
A.when are the Shutes leaving for New York
B.when the Shutes are leaving for New York
C.when were the Shutes leaving for New York
D.when the Shutes were leaving for New York
答案: D ( 選擇B的同學注意到了賓語從句的語序,但同時要注意時態(tài)要用相應的過去時.)
72.Would you please tell me ________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we doB. we should do whatC. what we should doD. should do what
答案: C ( 選擇A的同學要注意賓語從句的語序為陳述語序.)
73.Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come backB. when his son comes back
C. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home
答案: D ( 選擇C的同學要注意考慮賓語從句的陳述語序)
74.Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________.
A. when did she come backB. when would she be back
C. when she came backD. when she would be back
答案:D (選擇C的同學要注意語境,這里要用過去將來時.)
75..– I’m sorry I broke your coffee cup.
-- Oh, really? _________.
A. It doesn’t matterB. I don’t knowC. it’s OK with meD. You’re welcome
答案:A (選擇C和D的同學要注意中文的干擾.D是用來回答別人的致謝的.)
76.– Would you mind calling me back tomorrow again? -- _________.
A. Not at allB. You’re welcomeC. You’re rightD. Nice to meet you
答案:A (同62題)
77.He hardly had anything to eat, ________ he?
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. had D. did
答案:D (選擇A的同學要注意hardly表示否定;選擇B和C的同學要注意,反意疑問句要用助動詞.)
2014中考英語高頻易錯詞總結(jié) 一、將下列名詞變成復數(shù)形式: month watch stomach hero photo city play
三、易寫錯的數(shù)詞
① 將下列基數(shù)詞變成序數(shù)詞:
five nine twelve twenty
②將下列數(shù)詞寫成英語:
14 40 3/4
四、將下列形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換成副詞:
fortunate immediate safe true possible comfortable terrible simple gentle lucky happy angry shy (repeat-- hurry--- expect---)
五、寫出下列動詞的過去式,過去分詞:
carry destroy pay lay lie write feel bite fall stop plan occur rise throw flow choose drive eat fly run beat steal strike stick cost cut hurt spread shut shine hold hide
六、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞:
study carry pay refer prefer offer sit develop write eat swim
七、注意歸納下列動詞的變化形式。
bend, spend, send, build, lend(from “d” to “ t”)
lead,flee,bleed,feed, speed(from“ead or ee(d)” to “ed”)
grow, blow, fly, throw (ew; own)
ride, write, forget(from “i” to “o”; “dden” or “tten”)
drive, rise, arise, awake(from “i” to “o” ; “en” )
ring, begin, sing, sink, drink, swim ( i---a---u)
bid, forbid(i--a—idden) dig, spin, swing(i-u-u)
buy, fight, think, seek, bring(--ought)
catch, teach(--aught)
bear, wear, swear (---ore; ---orn)
burst,cast,cost,cut,hit,hurt,let,put,read,rid,set,shut,split,
spread(the same form)
答案:
一、months watches photos cities plays
三、①fifth ninth twelfth twentieth
②fourteen forty three-fourths/three quarters
四、fortunately immediately safely truly possibly comfortably terribly simply gently luckily happily angrily shyly(shyness) (repeatedly; unhurriedly; unexpectedly)
五、carried、carried; destroyed、destroyed; paid、paid; laid、laid; lay、lain; wrote、written; felt、felt; bit, bitten; spent、spent; fell、fallen; stopped、stopped;planned、planned; occurred、occurred; rose、risen; threw、thrown;flowed、flowed; chose、chosen; drove、driven; ate、eaten; flew、flown; ran、run; beat、beaten; stole、stolen; struck、struck ; stuck、stuck; cost、cost; cut、cut; hurt、hurt; spread、spread; shut、shut; shone, shone ; held, held; hid, hidden
六、studying carrying paying referring preferring offering sitting developing writing eating
初中英語語法:不定冠詞的10個重要考點和易錯點英語不定冠詞(a/an)的用法較復雜,以下幾點須注意:
1. 用 a還是 an:一般說來,輔音或半元音[j, w]開頭的詞要前用a。如:
He has a computer (watch). 他有一臺電腦(一塊手表)。
He’s a university student (European). 他是大學生(歐洲人)。
元音開頭的詞前要用 an。如:
This is an egg (honest boy). 這是一只雞蛋(誠實的男孩)。
注意,有的字母(如 a, e, f, h, i等)或縮略詞,若第一個音是元音也應用an。如:
He missed an “n” in the word. 他寫的這個單詞漏了一個 n。
2. 不要從漢語習慣出發(fā),漏掉必用的 a/an。如:
他父親是著名詩人。
誤:His father is famous poet.
正:His father is a famous poet.
3. 用于轉(zhuǎn)化為普通名詞的專有名詞前,表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、藝術(shù)品等。如:
A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想見你。
He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他買了一套魯迅全集。
4. 用于轉(zhuǎn)化為普通名詞的物質(zhì)名詞前,表示相應的產(chǎn)品或種類,有時表示數(shù)量關(guān)系。如:
It’s a good wine. 這是(一種)好酒。
Two coffees and a tea, please. 請來兩杯咖啡和一杯茶。
5. 用于具體化的抽象名詞前,表示與該抽象名詞意義相關(guān)的人或事等。如:
The party was a great success. 晚會開得非常成功。
It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 同你談話是件愉快的事。
6. 用于某些由動詞轉(zhuǎn)化來或具有動作意味的名詞前,表示一次、一番等意義。如:
Let me have a look. 讓我看看吧。
I’ll give the car a good wash. 我要把車好好洗一洗。
7. 用于序數(shù)詞前表示數(shù)量或序數(shù)的增加。如:
He bought a second computer. 他又買了一臺(即第二臺)電腦。
Later she borne a third son. 后來她又生了第三個兒子。 8. 有的不可數(shù)名詞或本來應該帶定冠詞(the)的名詞,由于受定語(尤其是形容詞)的修飾,其前一般要用不定冠詞或改用不定冠詞,表示某種狀態(tài),此時的不定冠詞通常含有 a kind of 的意思。如:
have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐
the world 世界→a world like ours 像我們這樣的世界
注:有些不可數(shù)名詞即使受形容詞的修飾也不能用不定冠詞,容易弄錯的有:news(消息),advice(忠告),luck(運氣),fortune(運氣),work(工作),fun(娛樂,有趣的事),weather(天氣),homework(家庭作業(yè)),housework(家務活),information(情報),behavior(行為),harm(傷害),damage(損害),progress(進步),furniture (家具),baggage(行李),luggage(行李),poetry(詩),scenery(風景)等。
9. 兩個單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用表示一個整體時,只用一個不定冠詞。如:
He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老師又是詩人。
There’s a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一輛馬車。
10. 不定冠詞可用來表示“類屬”,這是其基本用法,它表明的是某一類屬中的每一個人和東西都能說明該類屬的整體情況 (有類似漢語的“舉一反三”或“以此類推”的含義)。此時也可用定冠詞或名詞復數(shù)形式來表示。如:
馬是有用的動物。
正:A horse is a useful animal.
正:The horse is a useful animal.
正:Horses are useful animals.
若不是說明每一個人和東西的情況,而是說整個類屬,則不能用不定冠詞,而要用定冠詞:
The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 老虎面臨絕種的危險。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 亞歷山大·格雷漢母·貝爾于1876年發(fā)明了電話?! ? 中考英語易錯題:語境·交際·常識
打好語境基礎
所謂語境就是指上下文。解答中考單項填空 題,不要只盯在空格那個地方,也不要只盯在含空格的那一個句子,而要理解整個上下文的意思才能作出選擇。請看下面這道中考題:
-You’re very ______, aren’t you? -Yes. Our team has won the game.
A. happyB. worriedC. sadD. afraid
解答此題時你若只看問句,填任何一個答案都是正確的,當看到答句中的has won the match才知道只有答案A正確。
打好交際基礎
就是指考生還要懂得英語國家的人與中國人由于歷史文化和思維方式的不同所造成日常交往中語言表達的不同。請看下面這道中考題:
-Your spoken English is much better! -______.
A. Oh, noB. You’re right C. thank you D. Not at all
當被別人稱贊時,謙虛的中國人常說“不,哪里哪里”或“不,還差得遠咧”等等,若按這種思維,很容易錯選答案A或D;而西方人卻是向?qū)Ψ奖硎靖兄x,所以答案是C。
打好常識基礎
有的中考試題既不是考詞匯知識也不是考語法規(guī)則,而是考查考生的生活經(jīng)驗和科普常識,比如超市、加油站、公園、學校等公共場所的標志和電視中的一些圖標等等。因此,在平時的日常生活中要細心觀察,多看書報多看電視,廣泛涉獵,并注意生活經(jīng)驗和科普常識的積累。請看下面這道中考試題:
Which of the following weather signs means “windy”?
答案是D,因為這個圖表示windy。答案A表示cloudy,B表示rainy,C表示sunny。 初中英語易錯題考點分析:名詞、冠詞
1.-What can I do for you? -I'd like two _______.
A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple
答案:B.(選擇其他3項的同學要注意仔細看題。不要馬虎,這里box和apple都是可數(shù)名詞。)
2. Help yourself to _________.
A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken
答案:C.(選擇A的同學要注意chicken當雞肉講時不可數(shù)。)
3. ________ it is today!
A. What fine weather B. What a fine weather C. How a fine weather D. How fine a weather
答案:A.(選擇B的同學要注意weather不可數(shù)。選擇C和D的同學要注意weather是名詞,要用what來感嘆。)
4. Which is the way to the __________?
A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoe's factory D. shoes' factory
答案:A.(選擇D的同學注意這里不是指名詞所有格,而是名詞作形容詞的用法。類似的用法如:pencil box;school bag等。)
5. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying B. is studying C. be studying D. studying
答案:A. (選擇B的同學要注意, 當這種概念名詞當“人”講的時候要做復數(shù)處理。類似的還有:the police are running after the thief等。)
6. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month B. two-month C. two month's D. two-months 答案:B.(選擇C的同學要注意應用two months';選擇D的同學要注意名詞之間有 “- ” 后的組合詞當作形容詞來用, 因此就不用所有格形式了。)
7.____ trees are cut down in the forests every year.
A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of
答案:D.(選擇C的同學要注意詞組記憶的準確性。)
8. Our sports meeting will be held ________.
A. on 24, Tuesday, April B. in April 24, Tuesday
C. on Tuesday, April 24 D. in April Tuesday 24
答案:C.(選B的同學是受到中文的影響,要特別注意中英文的差異。)
9. _______ people here are very friendly to us.
A. The B. / C. A D. An
答案:A. (選擇B的同學要注意這里的people是特指“這里的”, 因此要用定冠詞the。)
10. There is no enough ____in the corner to put the table.
A. place B. room C. floor D. ground
答案:B.(根據(jù)句意知道,這里表示沒有地方放桌子。選A的同學要注意place表示地點,是可數(shù)名詞。) 初中英語時態(tài)??家族e點
1) 表時刻表的情況下,一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時態(tài)用;
The plane takes off at 10p.m.
2) 主將從現(xiàn) 符合的原則是:if條件句,時間狀語從句,方式狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。如:
If he comes, I'll let you know.
He will be happy when I tell him.
Next time I'll do as you say.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.
3) be to do 表示有責任、有義務做某事
be about to do 表示正要做某事
I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
be going to do 表示有計劃性、準備做某事
will do 一般情況下使用
4)現(xiàn)在進行時注意以下情況:
1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually連用表示說話人的感情色彩,責備,埋怨等;
He is always thinking of others.
He is always making the same mistake.
2) 強調(diào)情況的暫時性;
He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired.
5). 一般將來時注意以下三點。
1) 表傾向,習慣性動作。意為"會,不能,沒法";
We will die sooner or later. The medicine won't help.
2) 表推測
The man in the middle will be visiting president.
3) 表容量
The hall will seat 500 people. 6). 現(xiàn)在完成時的適用范圍。
1) 過去動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果;
I've already finished my homework, so I can leave now.
2) 過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在;
Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years.
7). 過去完成時注意兩點。
1) 它是和一般過去時對應存在的,沒有一般過去時,就不存在過去完成時。
His family hadn't heard from him for six months until he came home.
2) 用在no sooner…than, scarcely…when, hardly…when,等句型中。
No sooner had I seen him than I told him.
8.下列 that從句用完成時:(注意:主句用is從句用have/has+過去分詞 ;主句用was 從句用had+過去分詞)
1.It/This/That is the first/second/last time that… 如:
This is the first time that I have been in Beijing.
2.It/This/That is the only…that… 如:
That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.
3.It/This/That is the + 最高級…that…
It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read.
4.It is/ has been……since
It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(從我上次見到他以來已經(jīng)10年了。)
初中英語因定短語知識點:重點短語句型詳解 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她過去是一位漢語老師?! 用法] used to + 動詞原形,表示過去經(jīng)常性的動作或存在的狀態(tài),含有現(xiàn)在不再如此之意。
[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn't to do或didn't use to do.
[比較] used to do sth. 過去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 習慣于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用來做某事。
2.…return it sooner or later.
……遲早要將它歸還。
[用法] l)sooner or later意為"遲早"、"早晚"。
2)return此處用作及物動詞,意為"歸還",相當于give back.
[拓展]return還可用作不及物動詞,意為"返回",相當于go back或come back。
3.No matter what the weather is like…無論天氣……
[用法]no matter what 相當于whatever,其意為"無論什么",引導狀語從句。
[拓展]類似no matter what的表達方式還有:
no matter when無論什么時候
nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where無論什么地方
no matter who無論誰
no matter how 無論怎么樣
4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.
一位年經(jīng)人與格林先生練習講英語。
[用法]practise doing sth. 表示"實踐、練習(做)某事"。
[拓展]practice名詞,"實踐"、"實施"、"練習";put a plan into practice實行某計劃。
5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.
他鼓勵大家參加保護我們的湖泊、河流和海洋的活動。
[用法]1)encourage用作動詞,意思是"鼓勵"、"支持"。
2)take part in"參加",常表示參加活動。
3)protect 是動詞,表示"防御"、"保護"。
[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓勵或支持某人
nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓勵某人干某事
2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵襲或傷害
6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人們當心水里的鯊魚。
[用法] warn用作動詞,意思是"警告"、"警戒"。
[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that從句
2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事
3)warn sb. to do sth.告誡某人做某事
4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告誡某人當心某事/不要做某事
初中英語固定短語知識點:初中12重點句型解析1.I think…意為"我認為……",是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don't think…,
2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為"把……給……",動詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb.
3.take sb./ sth. to…意為"把……(送)帶到……",后常接地點,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為"一個是……;另一個是……",必須是兩者中。
5.Let sb. do sth. 意為"讓某人做某事",人后應用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don't let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let's 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi),
6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為"幫助某人做某事",前者用不定式作賓補,后者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換.
7.What about…?/How about…?意為"……怎么樣?"是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。
8.It's time to do…/ It's time for sth. 意為"該做……的時間了",其中to后須接原形動詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為"喜歡做某事", 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動作;后一種句型側(cè)重習慣性的動作,
10.a(chǎn)sk sb.(not) to do sth. 意為"讓某人(不要)做某事",其中ask sb.后應接動詞不定式,
11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為"把某物給某人看",該句型的用法同前面第2點。
12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為"把某人介紹給另一人";introduce to sb.則是"向某人作介紹"。another
[誤] I have two sisters, one in America and another in English.
[正] I have two sisters, one in America and the other in English.
[析] 要注意英語中another, other, the other, the others, others的不同用法,現(xiàn)分別說明如下:another作形容詞其意為:泛指的另一個或再一個,別的,類似的。一般在句中作定語,如: This is not good enough, please show me another one. another還可以作為代詞用,如:One student said:"I want to play baskball."another said:"I want to play football." other作形容詞其意為"泛指其余的,別的"。如:I have other books besides these. 又如:Ask some other people please. the other則為特指,作形容詞時其后面可接單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞,如:She has two flowers. One is white, the other one is yellow. (特指,單數(shù))又如:There are fifty students in our class, twenty five are boys, the other students are girls. (特指,復數(shù))但當the other作為代詞時,它代表的可以是單數(shù),也可以是復數(shù),如:He has a book in one hand, and a pen in the other. (單數(shù))又如:There are some people in the room. Four are girls, the other(復數(shù))are boys. 要注意的是當the other作主語時,其后面的謂語動詞要視具體情況而定,它可能是單數(shù),也可能是復數(shù)。others則只能作代詞,其意為other ones即為:泛指某些,某一部分人或物,如:Each of us must think of others. 而the others只能作為代詞,它是特指某一些人或物,如:I know only one or two of the students; the others are unknown to me. 中考英語熱點考題:spend/take/pay/cost 稍微研究一下歷年中考英語真題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),英語中的四個“花費spend/take/pay/cost幾乎是中考英語的???,所以,一定要完全掌握這四個詞的用法。下面我們具體講解一下。
一、spend的主語通常是人,句型有:
1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth
2. (sb) spend some money/some time (in) doing sth
例如:
I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元買了這件大衣。
He spent three days on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 他干這項工作用了3天。
3. spend money for sth. 花錢買……
例如:His money was spent for books. 他的錢用來買書了。
二、take常用于“占用、花費”時間,后面常跟雙賓語,其主語通常為形式主語"it"或物。句型有:
1. It takes/took sb. some time to do sth
例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 這項工作將會花去我2天時間。
2. Doing sth./sth. takes sb. some time.
例如:The work will take me two days. 這項工作將會花去我2天時間。
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修車。
It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years. 畫這些漂亮的馬花費了我3年時間。
三、pay為“付款、賠償”之意,主語通常是人,句型有:
1. sb. pays some money for sth
例如: I paid fifty yuan for the coat. 我花50元買了這件大衣。
2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付錢(給某人)買……
例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每個月要付20英磅的房租。
3. pay money back 還錢
例如:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借給我12塊錢嗎?下周還你。
4. pay off one's money 還清錢
四、cost的主語是物或某種活動, 還可以表示“值”。句型有:
1. sth. costs (sb.) +money 某物花了(某人)多少錢
例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 買一臺新電腦要花一大筆錢。
2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少時間
例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量時間才記住了這些單詞。
注意:cost的過去式及過去分詞都是cost,并且不能用于被動句?!≈攸c、難點、考點
一、重點是:
(1)常見的構(gòu)詞法
1)合成詞:合成詞是由兩個或兩個以上的詞構(gòu)成一個新的詞。如:blackboard(黑板),newspaper(報紙),afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(鉛筆盒)。
2)派生詞:派生詞是由詞根加派生詞綴構(gòu)成的詞,詞根是派生詞的基礎,同一詞根加不同的派生詞綴可以表示不同的意義,還可以表示不同的詞的詞性。
動詞變名詞:+后綴er drive(駕駛)——driver(駕駛員)
teach(教)——teacher(教師)
read(閱讀)——reader(讀者)
+后綴or invent(發(fā)明)——inventor(發(fā)明家)
visit(訪問)——visitor(訪問者)
+后綴tion invent(發(fā)明)——invention(發(fā)明)
operate(手術(shù))——operation(手術(shù))
名詞變形容詞:+后綴y wind(風)——windy(刮風的)
sun(太陽)——sunny(晴朗的)
+后綴ful help(幫助)——helpful(有幫助的)
care(小心)——careful(小心的)
+后綴ly friend(朋友)——friendly(友好的)
形容詞變名詞:+后綴ness good(好的)——goodness(善良,美德)
kind(和善的)——kindness(和善)
形容詞變副詞:+后綴ly bad(壞的)——badly(糟糕地)
quick(快的)——quickly(迅速地)
改變詞義:+前綴un happy(高興的)——unhappy(不高興的)
usual(平常的)——unusual(不平常的)
3)轉(zhuǎn)化詞:轉(zhuǎn)化詞是指由一種詞類轉(zhuǎn)用作另一種詞類的詞。例如:
hand(n .)手, hand(v .)傳遞, dry(adj .)干燥的, dry(v .) 烘干
[說明]初中總復習中,詞匯的復習十分重要。掌握單詞和詞組的用法是學好語言的前提之一。沒有一定的詞匯量,不掌握詞語的基本用法,就失去了英語知識復習的基礎,也就更談不上靈活運用和綜合分析能力了。
(2)詞形變化
英語詞匯的詞形變化除了前面講的詞根+派生詞綴構(gòu)成的派生詞的變化外,還存在有一些單詞詞尾的屈折變化,它們是:
1)表示名詞復數(shù)的詞形變化。例如:
hand—hands(手) picture—pictures(圖片)
knife—knives(小刀) city—cities(城市)
2)表示形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級的詞形變化。例如:
cheap—cheaper—cheapest(便宜的)
late—later—latest(遲來的,遲來地)
early—earlier—earliest(早的、早地)
3)表示動詞一般現(xiàn)在時第三人稱單數(shù)的詞形變化。例如:
clean—cleans(打掃) catch—catches(按住) carry—carries(攜帶)
4)表示動詞過去時和-ed分詞的詞形變化。例如:
catch—catched(捉住) carry—carried(搬運)
close—closea(關(guān)閉) stop—stopped(阻止)
5)表示動詞-ing分詞的詞形變化。例如:
walk—walking(走) make—making(做) sit—sitting(坐)
二、難點是:如何運用詞或詞組。
三、考點是:(1)單詞拼寫。(2)詞形變化。(3)對詞語的理解運用和相似詞語的辨析。有關(guān)詞匯的考題在中考中有10分左右。
【經(jīng)典范例引路】
例1 按要求寫出下列單詞的適當形式。
1 .Well(最高級)_______________ 2.begin(現(xiàn)在分詞)____________
3 .busy(反義詞)_______________ 4.he(反身代詞)_______________
(2001年甘肅省中考題)
簡析:此題是對詞形變化和單詞的正確拼寫的考查。要正確解答,應熟練掌握規(guī)律性的變化形式,并牢固記憶一些特殊的詞形變化。
第1小題是考查副詞的最高級。形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。well的最高級屬于不規(guī)則變化,為best。
第2小題是考查現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成?,F(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成為:(1)直接在動詞原形后加-ing。(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,先去e ,再加-ing。(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且末尾只有一個輔音字母,先雙寫這一輔音字母,再加-ing。此題符合第三條。故答案為beginning。
第3小題是考查詞義及單詞拼寫。busy意為“繁忙的,忙的”它的反義詞應為“空閑的,閑的”free。故答案為free。
第4小題是考查人稱代詞對應的反身代詞。答案為himself。
例2 選擇與句中劃線部分意思相同或相近的詞或短語。
( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered .
A .visited B .gave a message to C .told D .phoned
( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family .
A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times
( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well .
A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last
( )4 .—Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter .
—That’s all right . I’ll post it myself.
A .Never think about it B .It doesn’t matter
C .Don’t be sorry D .I don’t care
( )5 .—Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ?
—Hold on , please .
A .Speak louder B .Wait a moment
C .Call again D .Speak out
(2001年河北省中考題)
簡析:選出能替換劃線部分的選項,這是一種常見題型。做此類題時應注意以下幾點:
(1)弄懂句意,特別是劃線部分意思,以及各選項的意思。
(2)能替換劃線部分的選項與劃線部分意思要相同。
(3)選項與劃線部分在句法功能上保持一致。
第1小題劃線部分called后接him(sb),首先要知道它在句中的意思,為“給……打電話”。A選項意為“訪問”,B選項意為“給……捎口信”,C選項意為“告訴”,只有選項D .phoned意人“給……打電話”,與劃線部分意思相同。且phoned與called的句法功能也相同。故答案為D。
第2小題劃線部分sometimes意為“有時,某時”。A選項意為“準時,按時”,B選項意為“一直總是”,C選項意為“有時,某時”,D選項意為“許多次”。故答案為C。
第3小題劃線部分in the end意為“最后,終于”。A選項意為“起初,開始”,B選項意為“在開始時”,C選項意為“在末尾”,D選項為“最后,終于”。故答案為D。
第4小題劃線部分That’s all right在此處意為“不要緊,沒關(guān)系”,用來回答別人道歉的用語。A、B、C、D四個選項中只有It doesn’t matter與That’s all right意義相同。故答案為B。
第5小題劃線部分Hold on在此處意為“等一會兒”,是打電話時的交際用語。只有wait a moment與Hold on 意義相同,故答案為B。
例3 單項選擇。
( )1 .Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_______like ball games . (2001年上海市中考題)
A .the others B .others C .the other D .other
( )2 .—Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)
—Yes , but only_______ .
A .little B .few C .a little D .a few
( )3 .Don’t worry ,I’ll take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考題)
A .for B .of C. with D .to
簡析:此題是考查詞語意義和用法上的區(qū)別,以及詞語的固定搭配。在做此類題時,我們應注意:
(1)先讀懂題意,找出考查點。
(2)觀察分析空格與它的前后部分的聯(lián)系及空格在句中的句法功能。
(3)根據(jù)題意及分析結(jié)果,對比所有選項,選擇最恰當?shù)倪x項。
(4)對于難度較大、很難直接從正面找到答案,就可采用排除法——根據(jù)題意和所學知識排除錯誤答案。剩下的便是正確答案。
第1小題是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other這四者在意義和用法上的區(qū)別:the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余的人(物)”而others泛指“其余的人(物)”它常和some對比使用,即“some . . .others . . .”,the other特指“(兩個中的)另一個”,other泛指“另一個”。故答案為B。
第2小題是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法:某一語言不可數(shù),因此B、D兩選項不成立。而little是表示否定意義,a little表示肯定意義。根據(jù)題干的意思應為肯定,故答案為C。
第3小題是考查take care of這一固定詞組。故答案為B
初中英語知識點:-ed形容詞與-ing形容詞的語法區(qū)別 以后綴-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞(如ashamed, delighted, excited, frightened, interested, moved, pleased, surprised, worried等)通常用于說明人,不用于說明事物,即使它們所修飾的名詞是事物,那它們指的也是與該事物相關(guān)的人;以后綴-ing 結(jié)尾的形容詞(如delighting, exciting, frightening, interesting, moving, surprising, worrying 等)主要用于說明事物,表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征,若用它們說明人,則表示此人具有此性質(zhì)或特征。如:
He had a pleased smile on his face. 他臉上露出了滿意的微笑。
He told me the news in a very excited voice. 他告訴了我這個消息,聲音很激動。
The story is very interesting. 這個故事很有趣。
The man is very interesting. 這個人很有趣。
比較并體會以下例子:
a frightened look 害怕的表情(指帶有這種“表情”的人感到害怕)
a frightening look 嚇人的表情(指這種“表情”令人害怕)
an excited talk 心情激動的談話(指“談話”的人心情激動)
an exciting talk 令人激動的談話(指聽“談話”的人心情激動)
2014中考英語57個句型及中文釋義 1 1 as soon as
一…就…
2 as…as
和…一樣
3 as…as possible
盡可能…
4 ask sb. for sth.
向某人請求,要求某物
5 ask / tell sb. (how) to do sth.
問/告訴某人(如何)做某事
6 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth.
讓/告訴某人(別)做某事
7 be afraid of doing sth. / be afraid that
擔心,害怕…
8 be busy doing sth.
忙于做某事
9 be famous/late/ready/sorry for…
因,為…而…(famous 出名的/late 遲到/ready 準
備好的/sorry 抱歉的)
10 be glad that 很高興去做……
11 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sth. to sb.
(buy 買/give 給/show 展示/bring 帶來/lend 借出/send 發(fā)送/pass 傳遞/tell 告訴)某事
給某人
12 buy/give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sb. sth. 意思同上
13 either…or…
或者…或者…, 不是...就是...
14 enjoy/hate/like/finish/stop/mind/keep/go on doing sth.
(enjoy 喜歡/hate 討厭/like 喜歡/finish 完成/stop 停止/mind 介意/keep 保持/go on 繼
續(xù))做某事
15 find it + adj. to do sth.
發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是…的
16 get + 比較級
更…
17 get ready for/get sth. ready 為某事做準備, 把某事準備好
18 had better (not) do sth.
最好(別)做某事
19 help sb. (to) do
幫助某人做某事
help sb. with sth.
在某方面幫助某人
20 I don’t think that
我認為不…
2
21 I would like to /Would you like to…?
我想做…/你想做…嗎?
22 is one of the + 最高級 + n(pl.)…
是最…中的一個
23 It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.
對某人來說做某事是怎么樣的
24 It is a good idea to do sth.
做某事是個好主意
25 It is the second + 最高級 +n.
這是第二最…的
26 It looks like …/It sounds like …
這看起來像…/這個聽起來像…
27 It seems to sb. that…
對某人來說似乎是……
28 It sounds +adj. /It looks +adj.
這聽起來…/這個看起來…
29 It takes sb. some time to do sth.
做某事花費某人多少時間
30 It’s bad/good for…
對…是好的/壞的 31 It’s time for…/to do sth.
到做某事的時間了
32 It’s two meters (years) long (high, old). 這個有 2 米長/2 年之久……
33 keep (sb.) doing
(讓某人)一直做某事
34 keep/make sth. +adj.
保持/使某人/物…
35 like to do sth.
想做某事
like doing sth.
喜歡做某事
36 make / let sb. (not) do sth. 讓某人(不要)做某事
37 neither…nor…
即不…也不
38 not…at all
一點也不…
39 not…until
直到…才…
40 One…the other…/Some… others… 個……,另一個……/一些……,另一些……
41 prefer…to
同…相比,更喜歡…
42 see/hear sb. doing sth. 聽見/看見某人正在做某事
see/hear sb. do sth.
聽見/看見某人做了某事
43 so…that …
太…以至于…
44 spend…on /(in) doing sth.
花費…在…上(主語為人)
3
45 stop to do sth. /stop doing sth.
停下來去做某事/停下正在做的事
46 such a +adj. +n. that…
如此……以至于……
47 take/bring sth with sb.
隨身帶去/帶來某物
48 thank sb for sth.
因……而向某人感謝
49 The more…the more
越…, 就越…
50 There is sth. wrong with… …出了點毛病
51 too…to…
太…以至于不能…
52 used to
過去常?!?/p>
53 What about /How about…?
…怎么樣?
54 What’s the matter with…?
…有什么問題/毛病嗎?
55 What’s wrong with…?
…有什么問題/毛病嗎?
56 Why not…?
為什么不…?
57 Will (would, could) you please…?
請問您能…?
七年級至九年級非謂語動詞搭配最全總結(jié) 一.接動詞不定式 ( to do/ do sth ) 1.like to do sth
2.like sb to do sth
3.Let’s (not ) do sth
4.want to do sth
5.want sb to do sth
6.love to do sth
7.ask sb (not ) to do sth
8.stop to do sth
9.tell sb (not ) to do sth
10.watch sb do sth
11.It’s time (for sb) to do sth
12.help sb (to ) do sth
13.help do sth
14.make sb do sth
15.decide (not ) to do sth
16.find it +adj + to do sth
17.have to do sth
18.try (not ) to do sth
19.try one’s best to do sth
20.It’s +adj +(for)of +sb + to do sth
21.plan to do sth
22.S.p.+be a good place to do sth
23.It takes sb +some time + to do sth
24.send sb to do sth
25.invite sb to do sth
26.forget to do sth
27.live to be +時間
28.be able to do sth
29.have sth to do
30.seem to do sth
31.get sb /sth to do sth
32.疑問詞+ to do sth
33.need sth to do sth
34.use sth to do sth
35.follow sb to sth
36.need to do sth
37.a good time to do sth
38.the best time to do sth
39.the best way to do sth
40.be the first / last one to do sth
41.would like to do sth
42.be excited /surprised to do sth
43.be useful to do sth
44.be allowed to do sth
45.allow sb to do sth
46.It’s better to do sth
47.It’s best to do sth
48.take care (not) to do sth
49.see sb do sth
50.why not do sth ? 51.have enough time to do sth
52.too… to do sth
53.not… enough to do sth
54.encourage sb to do sth
55.choose to sth
56.wait to do sth
57.be happy/glad/pleased to do sth
58.make it +adj + to do sth
59.be careful to do sth
60.be afraid to do sth
61.It’s our duty to do sth
62.used to do sth
63.can’t afford to do sth
64.make a decision to do sth
65.have an opportunity to do sth
66.wait for sb to do sth
67.would do sth rather than do sth
68.would rather do sth than do sth
69.hurry to do sth
70.refuse to do sth
71.agree to do sth
72.pretend to do sth
73.pretend to be doing sth
74.prefer to do sth
75.prefer not to do sth
76.prefer to do sth raher than do sth
77.be willing to do sth
78.volunteer +時間/ 錢 + to do sth
79.volunteer to do sth
80.offer to do sth
81.rush to do sth
82.in order (not ) to do sth
83.be certain to do sth
84.be sure to do sth
85.make plans to do sth
86.go out of their way to do sth
87.lead sb to do sth
88.It’s one’s job to do sth
89.It’s one’s turn to do sth
90.urge sb to do sth
91.Could /Would you please (not) do sth ?
92.be supposed to do sth
93.warn sb to do sth
二、接動名詞 (doing sth )
1.like doing sth
2.enjoy doing sth
3.have fun doing sth
4.be interested in doing sth
5.Thanks for doing sth
6.look at sb doing sth
7.stop sb doing sth
8.stop sb from doing sth
9.go + v-ing
10.do the (some )+v-ing 11.What/How doing sth ?
12.practice doing sth
13.watch sb doing sth
14.find sb doing sth
15.mind (one’s ) doing sth
16.can’t stand doing sth
17.think about doing sth
18.spend … (in)doing sth
19.finish doing sth
20.be busy doing sth
21.keep doing sth
22.keep sb from doing sth
23.keep sb doing sth
24.be good at doing sth
25.hate doing sth
26.There be +名詞+doing sth
27.make a living by doing sth
28.have a difficult time doing sth
29.feel like doing sth
30.allow doing sth
31.see sb doing sth
32.by doing sth
33.end up doing sth
34.do a survey about doing sth
35.be afraid of doing sth
36.be used to doing sth
37.be terrified of doing sth
38.give up doing sth
39.instead of doing sth
40.have nothing against doing sth
41.be serious about doing sth
42.have a chance of doing sth
43.before/ when /while +doing sth
44.start doing sth
45.have a lot of experience doing sth
46.prefer doing sth
47.consider doing sth
48.dream of / about doing sth
49.continue doing sth
50.put off doing sth
51.be used for doing sth =be used to do sth
52.prefer doing sth to doing sth
53.without doing sth
54.be comfortable doing sth
55.can’t stop/help doing sth
56.look forward to doing sth
57.be against doing sth
58.have trouble/problems/difficulty (in) doing sth
59.suggest doing sth
60.be busy doing sth
61.be worth doing sth
2014年中考英語必考點:重點短語與重點句子一、重點短語
1 過去常?!猽sed to
2 過去很害羞----used to be shy
3 害怕黑暗-----be afraid(terrified) of the dark
4 等一等--------wait a minute
5在游泳隊-----on the swim team
6 對-----感興趣—be interested in
7 討厭體育課---- -hate gym class
8 擔心考試-----wory about tests
9吃糖---------eat candy
10 吃口香糖------chew gum
11聊天-----------chat with
12花----時間做某事spend----(in) doing
13 想念過去的時光---miass the old days
14 我的日常生活---my daily life
15 不得不-----------have to
16 招惹麻煩---------cause trouble
17 在他爸爸去世以后----after his father’s death
18 照顧-----------look after
19 入睡---------go to sleep
20 最后,終于-----in the end
21 做決定,下決心----make a decision
22 校長-------head teacher
23 陷入困境----------get into trouble
24 放棄戒除-----give up
25 以-----為驕傲----take pride in
26 令某人驚訝的是----to one’s surprise
27 不再----------no longer
28 在過去的幾年里-----in the last few years
29 使我的媽媽更加關(guān)心我
make my mother pay more attention to me
30 把他送到一個男子寄宿學校-----
send him to a boys’ boarding school
二、重點句子
1 你過去很矮,不是嗎?---------You used to be short,didn’t you?
2你過去彈鋼琴嗎?不,不彈。
------Did you used to be play piano?No,I didn’t. 3 我過去很安靜。------------------I used to be really quiet.
4你過去有長頭發(fā)。----------------You used to have long hair.
5 你以前不喜歡考試。------------You didn’t used to like tests.
6 人們確實發(fā)生了變化。---------People sure change.
7 我開著臥室的燈睡覺。
I go to sleep with my bedroom light on.
8 我很少有時間去看音樂會。----I hardly ever have time for concerts.
9 他的媽媽不能支付起他孩子的學費。
---His mother couldn’t pay for her child’s education.
10 馬丁是一個十五歲的男孩。----------Martin is a fifteen-year-old boy.
11 我一直害怕孤獨。-----------------I have been afraid of being alone.
12 我對音樂不感興趣。--------------------I’m not interested in music.
13 他并沒放棄幫助他們。---------He didn’t give up helping them.
14 我的變化多大?。?----------------------How I have changed!
15看上去他變化了許多。--------------It seems that he has changed a lot.
16 他是班里做好的學生之一。He’s one of the best students in his class.
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