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高中英語語法整理總結(jié)
組成句子的各個部分叫句子成分。英語句子成分有主語,謂語,表語,賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,定語,狀語等。
順序一般是主語,謂語,賓語,賓語補(bǔ)足語,而表語,定語,狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。
1、主語
主語表示句子主要說明的人或事物,一般由名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,不定式等充當(dāng)。
Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜歡看電視。
2、謂語
謂語說明主語的動作,狀態(tài)或特征。
一般可分為兩類:
1),簡單謂語
由動詞(或短語動詞)構(gòu)成。
可以有不同的時(shí)態(tài),語態(tài)和語氣。
Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我們?yōu)槿嗣駥W(xué)習(xí)。
2),復(fù)合謂語:情態(tài)動詞+不定式
Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以說一點(diǎn)英語。
3、表語
表語是謂語的一部分,它位于系動詞如be之后,說明主語身份,特征,屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞,代詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞短語等充當(dāng)。
Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是護(hù)士。
4、賓語
賓語表示動作行為的對象,跟在及物動詞之后,能作賓語的有名詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,動詞不定式等。
WelikeEng'lish.我們喜歡英語。
有些及物動詞可以帶兩個賓語,往往一個指人,一個指物,指人的叫間接賓語,指物的叫直接賓語。
Hegavemesom'eink.他給了我一點(diǎn)墨水。
有些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補(bǔ)足語,意思才完整,賓語和它的補(bǔ)足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如:
Wemakehimourmon'itor.我們選他當(dāng)班長。
5、定語
在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。
用作定語的主要是形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞,副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等。形容詞,代詞,數(shù)詞,名詞等作定語時(shí),通常放在被修飾的詞前面。
Heisanewstu'dent.他是個新生。
但副詞,動詞不定式,介詞短語等作定語時(shí),則放在被修飾的詞之后。
Thebikeintheroomismine.房間里的自行車是我的。
6、狀語
修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞以及全句的句子成分,叫做狀語。用作狀語的通常是副詞,介詞短語,不定式和從句等。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。副詞作狀語時(shí)可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。
HelivesinLon'don.他住在倫敦。
7.補(bǔ)語用來說明賓語或主語所處的狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的動作,因?yàn)橛⒄Z中有些動詞加賓語后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(請)等等。如果我們說:我們使我們的祖國。這不是一句完整的話。應(yīng)該說:我們使我們的祖國更美麗。這是的“美麗的(beautiful)”為形容詞做補(bǔ)語,說明祖國的狀態(tài)。英語句子為:Wewill make our country morebeautiful.作補(bǔ)語的詞或詞組為:形容詞,副詞,名詞,不定式,ing形式,數(shù)詞等。
句子的類型:
1.主語+謂語
2.主語+謂語+狀語
3.主語+謂語+賓語
4.主語+系動詞+表語
5.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語
6.主語+謂語+直接賓語+間接賓語
7.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語
高中英語常見語法錯誤列舉分析
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語常見語法錯誤進(jìn)行列舉分析,近年來,隨著課程新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的頒布,高中英語的改革不斷深化,系統(tǒng)的語法學(xué)習(xí)顯得越來越重要。一個好的語法基礎(chǔ)無疑會高效率地幫助學(xué)生清楚地了解句子結(jié)構(gòu),規(guī)范語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用并使之富有邏輯性,同時(shí)提高語言功底以及融會貫通和理解能力。
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語常見語法錯誤進(jìn)行列舉分析,近年來,隨著課程新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的頒布,高中英語的改革不斷深化,系統(tǒng)的語法學(xué)習(xí)顯得越來越重要。一個好的語法基礎(chǔ)無疑會高效率地幫助學(xué)生清楚地了解句子結(jié)構(gòu),規(guī)范語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用并使之富有邏輯性,同時(shí)提高語言功底以及融會貫通和理解能力。
同時(shí),高考中對語法的考查也呈現(xiàn)出新特點(diǎn):單純的語法規(guī)則測試題減少,而代之以語法加語境,語法加上下文,語法加比較辨析等三個方面的題目。我們的語法學(xué)習(xí)也應(yīng)該順應(yīng)這個潮流。從易犯錯誤的地方入手,無疑是系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)語法,應(yīng)對高考新特點(diǎn)的最好切入點(diǎn)。
下面筆者依據(jù)近年的高考試題,總結(jié)了英語學(xué)習(xí)中易犯的一些錯誤:
一. 詞法方面
詞法方面,詞語的辨析成為現(xiàn)今高考命題的重點(diǎn),對考生來說也是一大難點(diǎn)。其綜合性越來越強(qiáng),很多題目要根據(jù)上下文,反復(fù)比較才能做出正確判斷。這也提醒我們學(xué)習(xí)詞語時(shí),要關(guān)注它的多個意思,同時(shí)不要死記硬背,要在具體的語言環(huán)境里靈活地學(xué)習(xí)和掌握。
1. ____ two exams to worryabout, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004 北京)
A. With B. Besides
C. As for D. Becauseof
本題說的是:因?yàn)閾?dān)心兩門考試,這個周末我不得不拼命學(xué)習(xí)。句意很簡單明了,besides“除了”,asfor“至于”兩個選項(xiàng)很容易排除,因此許多同學(xué)根據(jù)字面意思選擇了錯誤選項(xiàng)D。錯誤的原因是becauseof后邊不能接復(fù)合賓語,而正確答案A項(xiàng)構(gòu)成的with獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)也可表原因。所謂with獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)是指with+名詞(或代詞)+分詞/不定式/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語
2. ----Do you like____here?
----Oh , yes. The air, theweather, the way of life. Everything is so nice. (2004 全國一)
A. this B. these
C. that D. it
很多同學(xué)看到The air, theweather, the way oflife,以為這么多東西,當(dāng)然應(yīng)該是these了,從而誤選了B。此處it指代這些東西,同時(shí)對應(yīng)了Everything。正確答案是D
二. 動詞的時(shí)態(tài)
動詞的時(shí)態(tài)依然是亙古不變的重點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)的考查也不再局限于過去時(shí),過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)等也開始出現(xiàn)在考卷上。這一類題目中,理解其所給的語境成為答對題目的關(guān)鍵。另外,試題中還故意設(shè)計(jì)出了一些陷阱:如經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在某一種時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語放在另一種時(shí)態(tài)里??忌鷺O易犯思維定式的錯誤,所以,務(wù)必認(rèn)真審題也變得非常重要。
1. The crazy fans____patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie stararrived .( 2004重慶)
A were waiting B. had beenwaiting
C. had waited D. wouldwait
這道時(shí)態(tài)題難度不小,從題目中的場景可知,空格處的“等待”動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在“arrived”之前,即過去的過去,所以應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí);同時(shí)“fortwohours”這個時(shí)間狀語告訴我們該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動作在過去一直持續(xù)進(jìn)行。綜合二者,我們選擇一個最佳答案:過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。答案為:B
2. It is said in the bookthat Thomas Edison (1847-1931)____the world leading inventor forsixty years.(2004遼寧)
A. would be B. hasbeen
C. had been D. was
此題難度較大,無數(shù)考生拜倒在其腳下。錯誤的原因是:看到for sixtyyears,再加上前面用了一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動詞is,便以為是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),所以選擇B。殊不知題目中給出的是一段過去的時(shí)間(1847-1931),而一般過去時(shí)也可以用以描述過去的一段時(shí)間的事實(shí)。所以答案是D:愛迪生過去曾經(jīng)連續(xù)60年是世界上發(fā)明創(chuàng)造界的領(lǐng)袖。
三. 三大類從句
對于從句的把握,不僅對語法題目意義重大,對寫作也大有裨益。要弄明白名詞性從句、狀語從句、定語從句三者的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系,要了解各自的引導(dǎo)詞以及引導(dǎo)的句子種類,從本質(zhì)上把握它們。
1. A modern city has beenset up in____ was a wasteland ten years ago.(2004 天津)
A. what B. which
C .that D. where
此題解答時(shí),易把漢語的習(xí)慣移植進(jìn)去:十年前曾是一片廢墟的地方,從而誤選D。本題中,空格及空格后面的部分共同做介詞in的賓語。而在這個賓語從句中,空格部分又要做主語。毫無疑問,where是副詞的性質(zhì),從來只能做狀語,決不可能做主語。同時(shí)本題有沒有給定一個供選擇的范圍,所以排除了which。正確答案是A
四. 分詞
分詞使我們中國學(xué)生最頭疼的語法點(diǎn)知識。很多學(xué)生讀了研究生后依然搞不清楚現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。其實(shí),只要適當(dāng)?shù)募右苑诸惡陀洃洠隳苎杆俚乩砬轭^緒,并徹底掌握它。
1. -----such a goodchance, he planed to learn more.
A. To be given B. Havingbeen given C. Having given D. Giving
該題有三個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):主語he,謂語動作plan,非謂語動作give;he與give之間很顯然是被動關(guān)系,所以排除表主動的現(xiàn)在分詞C和D;give這個動作明顯在謂語動作plan之前,所以選擇完成式B
2. -----time, he will makea first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To giveC. Giving D. Given
該題的三個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):主語he,謂語動作make,非謂語動作give:he與give之間同樣是被動關(guān)系,而ABC均為主動,所以選D。該題如果增加難度,可以加入一個迷惑選項(xiàng):被動完成式havingbeen given,此項(xiàng)也不可選,因?yàn)橥瓿墒奖仨毐硎緞幼饕寻l(fā)生過;本題中動作只是一種假設(shè),尚未發(fā)生。
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
情態(tài)動詞的語法特征
1)情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。
2) 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have外,后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4)情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。
比較can 和be able to
1)cancould 表示能高考資源網(wǎng)力;可能(過去時(shí)用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be ableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
They will be able to tellyou the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動作時(shí)。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/wereable to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europebefore the war broke out.
= He managed to fleeEurope before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示時(shí)態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have thetelevision on?
--- Yes, you can. / No,you can't.
2)在否定,疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
He couldn't be a badman.
他不大可能是壞人。
比較may和might
1) 表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might表示推測時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成語: may/might aswell,后面接不帶to 的不定式,意為"不妨"。
If that is the case, wemay as well try.
典型例題
Peter ___come with ustonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. mustB. mayC. canD.will
答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。
比較have to和must
1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思,have to表示客觀的需要, must 表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of thenight.我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they mustwork hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2)haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。
He had to look after hissister yesterday.
3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't haveto表示"不必"
mustn't表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell himabout it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him aboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
must表示推測
1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測,意為"一定"。
2)must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí), must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。
You have worked hard allday.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)
He must be working in hisoffice. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較:
He must be stayingthere.
他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí),must要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. Imust have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話,我想必是睡著了。
4)must表示對過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測,must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
---Why didn't you answermy phone call?
---Well, I must have beensleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測用can't。
If Tom didn't leave hereuntil five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
表示推測的用法
can, could, may, might,must 皆可表示推測,其用法如下:
1)情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測,此時(shí)動詞通常為系動詞。
I don't know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.
2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。
At this moment, ourteacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時(shí),我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3)情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時(shí)。
表示對過去情況的推測。
We would have finishedthis work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。
The road is wet. It musthave rained last night.
地是濕的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。
Your mother must have beenlooking for you.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5)推測的否定形式,疑問形式用can't,couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found hiscar, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車,因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?div style="height:15px;">
注意:could,might表示推測時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài),其推測的程度不如can, may。
情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞
1) may(might) have + donesth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去,推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。
Philip may (might) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.
2)must have +donesth,對過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強(qiáng),具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone bybus.
3) ought to have done sth,should have done sth
本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) havebeen more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to havethrown the old clothes away.(事實(shí)上已扔了。)
ought to 在語氣上比should要強(qiáng)。
4) needn't have donesth本沒必要做某事
I dressed very warmly forthe trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have donesth本打算做某事
I would like to have readthe article, but I was very busy then.
should和ought to
should 和ought to都為"應(yīng)該"的意思,可用于各種人稱。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he oughtto.
表示要求,命令時(shí),語氣由should(應(yīng)該)、had better最好)、must(必須)漸強(qiáng)。
had better表示最好
had better相當(dāng)于一個助動詞,它只有一種形式,它后面要跟動詞原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'dbetter put on my coat.
She'd better not play withthe dog.
had better have donesth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果,意為"本來最好"。
You had better have comeearlier.
would rather表示"寧愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather…than…寧愿……而不愿。
還有would sooner, hadrather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I hadsooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay herethan go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之獨(dú)立主格
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之獨(dú)立主格進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之獨(dú)立主格進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
(一): 獨(dú)立高考資源網(wǎng)主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:
名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞;
名詞(代詞)+形容詞;
名詞(代詞)+副詞;
名詞(代詞)+不定式;
名詞(代詞) +介詞短語構(gòu)成。
(二) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn):
1)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同,它獨(dú)立存在。
2)名詞或代詞與后面的分詞,形容詞,副詞,不定式,介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。
3)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。
舉例:
The test finished, webegan our holiday.
= When the test wasfinished, we began our holiday.
考試結(jié)束了,我們開始放假。
The presidentassassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president wasassassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
總統(tǒng)被謀殺了,舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we aregoing to visit you tomorrow.
如果天氣允許,我們明天去看你。
This done, we wenthome.
工作完成后,我們才回家。
The meeting gone over,everyone tired to go home earlier.
會議結(jié)束后,每個人都想早點(diǎn)回家。
He came into the room, hisears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵凍壞了。
He came out of thelibrary, a large book under his arm.
他夾著本厚書,走出了圖書館
With的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
表伴隨時(shí),既可用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),也可用with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
with+名詞(代詞)+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語
舉例: He stood there, hishand raised.
= He stood there, with hishand raise.
典型例題
The murder was brought in,with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tiedB. havingtiedC. to be tiedD. tied
答案D. with+名詞(代詞)+分詞+介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)分詞表示伴隨狀況時(shí),其主語常常用with來引導(dǎo)。由于本句中名詞"手"與分詞"綁"是被動關(guān)系,因此用過去分詞,選D.
注意:
1) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)使用介詞的問題:
當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí),其前后的兩個名詞均不加任何成分(如物主代詞或冠詞),也不用復(fù)數(shù)。但 with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制
A robber burst into theroom, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。
2)當(dāng)表人體部位的詞做邏輯主語時(shí),及物動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞,不及物動詞用過去分詞。
He lay there, his teethset, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
典型例題:
Weather___, we'll go outfor a walk.
A permittedB permittingCpermitsD for permitting
答案B.本題中沒有連詞,它不是復(fù)合句,也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗號,且we小寫,可知其不是兩個簡單句。能夠這樣使用的只有獨(dú)立主格或with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。據(jù)此判斷,本句中使用的是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:名詞+分詞。由于permit在這里翻譯為'天氣允許',表主動,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞,故選B。
如果不會判斷獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語的形式,不妨將句子改為條件句,例如本句改為If weather permits, we'll go outfor a walk. 然后將if 去掉,再將謂語動詞改為非謂語動詞即可
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之主謂一致
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之主謂一致進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,主謂一致是指:
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之主謂一致進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,主謂一致是指:
1)語法形式上高考資源網(wǎng)要一致,即單復(fù)數(shù)形式與謂語要一致。
2)意義上要一致,即主語意義上的單復(fù)數(shù)要與謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式一致。
3)就近原則,即謂語動詞的單復(fù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語,
一般來說,不可數(shù)名詞用動詞單數(shù),可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用動詞復(fù)數(shù)。
There is much water in thethermos.
但當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Ten thousand tons of coalwere produced last year.
并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù)
Reading and writing arevery important.
注意:當(dāng)主語由and連結(jié)時(shí),如果它表示一個單一的概念,即指同一人或同一物時(shí),謂語動詞用單數(shù),and 此時(shí)連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。
The iron and steelindustry is very important to our life.
典型例題
The League secretary andmonitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. isB. wasC. areD.were
答案B. 注:先從時(shí)態(tài)上考慮。這是過去發(fā)生的事情應(yīng)用過去時(shí),先排除A.,C.。本題易誤選D,因?yàn)門he League secretary andmonitor 好象是兩個人,但仔細(xì)辨別, monitor前沒有the,在英語中,當(dāng)一人兼數(shù)職時(shí)只在第一個職務(wù)前加定冠詞。后面的職務(wù)用and 相連。這樣本題主語為一個人,所以應(yīng)選B。
主謂一致中的靠近原則
1)當(dāng)there be句型的主語是一系列事物時(shí),謂語應(yīng)與最鄰近的主語保持一致。
There is a pen, a knifeand several books on the desk..
There are twentyboy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.
2)當(dāng)either… or… 與neither…nor,連接兩個主語時(shí),謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保
crowd, class, company,committee等詞后用復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí),意為這個集體中的各個成員,用單數(shù)時(shí)表示該個集體。
His family isn't verylarge.他家不是一個大家庭。
His family are musiclovers.他的家人都是音樂愛好者。
但集合名詞people, police,cattle, poultry等在任何情況下都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Are there any policearound?
3)有些名詞,如variety, number,population, proportion, majority 等有時(shí)看作單數(shù),有時(shí)看作復(fù)數(shù)。
A number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
The number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)+單數(shù)動詞。
A number of books havelent out.
The majority of thestudents like English.
與后接名詞或代詞保持一致
1) 用half of, part of, mostof, a portion of 等詞引起主語時(shí),動詞通常與of后面的名詞,代詞保持一致。
Most of his money is spenton books.
Most of the students aretaking an active part in sports.
2) 在一些短語,如 many a 或 morethan one 所修飾的詞作主語時(shí),謂語動詞多用單數(shù)形式。但由more than… of作主語時(shí),動詞應(yīng)與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。
Many a person has read thenovel.許多人都讀過這本書。
More than 60 percent ofthe students are from the city.百分之六十多的學(xué)生都來自這個城市
高中英語語法總結(jié)大全之狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀語從句
地點(diǎn)狀高考資源網(wǎng)語從句通常由where,wherever 引導(dǎo)。
Where I live there areplenty of trees.
我住的地方樹很多。
Wherever I am I will bethinking of you.
不管我在哪里我都會想到你。
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,形容詞修飾名詞,說明事高考資源網(wǎng)物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,形容詞修飾名詞,說明事高考資源網(wǎng)物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如:hot熱的。
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid害怕的。
(錯)He is an ill man.
(對)The man is ill.
(錯)She is an afraidgirl.
(對)The girl is afraid.
這類詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:
something nice
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯:(錯) She sanglovely.
(錯) He spoke to me veryfriendly.
(對) Her singing waslovely.
(對) He spoke to me in avery friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a dailypaper.
The Times is publisheddaily.
用形容詞表示類別和整體
1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,thepoor,the blind,the hungry
The poor are losinghope.
2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,theEnglish,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderfulsense of humor.
多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?div style="height:15px;">
限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brownshirt
a famous German medicalschool
an expensive Japanesesports car
典型例題:
1) Tony is going campingwith ___ boys.
A.little two otherB. twolittle otherC.two other littleD.little other two
答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old
答案A.幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。
3) ---- How was yourrecent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. Wevisited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunnyB. lastfew sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last
答案:B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠
近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+
those + three + beautiful+ large + square
新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞
old + brown + wood +table
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,形容詞修飾名詞,說明事高考資源網(wǎng)物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之形容詞及其用法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,形容詞修飾名詞,說明事高考資源網(wǎng)物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如:hot熱的。
2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid害怕的。
(錯)He is an ill man.
(對)The man is ill.
(錯)She is an afraidgirl.
(對)The girl is afraid.
這類詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí),要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時(shí),要放在這些詞之后,例如:
something nice
以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
1) 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯:(錯) She sanglovely.
(錯) He spoke to me veryfriendly.
(對) Her singing waslovely.
(對) He spoke to me in avery friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a dailypaper.
The Times is publisheddaily.
用形容詞表示類別和整體
1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,thepoor,the blind,the hungry
The poor are losinghope.
2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
the British,theEnglish,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderfulsense of humor.
多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序
多個形容詞修飾名詞時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?div style="height:15px;">
限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) --出處--材料性質(zhì),類別--名詞
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brownshirt
a famous German medicalschool
an expensive Japanesesports car
典型例題:
1) Tony is going campingwith ___ boys.
A.little two otherB. twolittle otherC.two other littleD.little other two
答案:C。由"限定詞--數(shù)詞--描繪詞--(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色)--性質(zhì)--名詞"的公式可知數(shù)詞,描繪詞,性質(zhì)依次順序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B.Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old
答案A.幾個形容詞修飾一個名詞,他們的排列順序是:年齡,形狀,大小+顏色+來源+質(zhì)地+用途+國家+名詞。
3) ---- How was yourrecent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. Wevisited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunnyB. lastfew sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last
答案:B。本題考查多個形容詞的排序問題。一般與被修飾形容詞關(guān)系密切的形容詞靠
近名詞;如果幾個形容詞的重要性差不多,音節(jié)少的形容詞在前,音節(jié)多的方在后,在不能確定時(shí),可參照下表:
限定詞+數(shù)量詞(序數(shù)詞在前,基數(shù)詞在后)+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體+
those + three + beautiful+ large + square
新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞
old + brown + wood +table
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之情態(tài)動詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
情態(tài)動詞的語法特征
1)情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情,只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。
2) 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have外,后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。
3)情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱,數(shù)的變化,即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。
4)情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式,即沒有不定式,分詞,等形式。
比較can 和be able to
1)cancould 表示能高考資源網(wǎng)力;可能(過去時(shí)用could),
只用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式(could)。be ableto可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。
They will be able to tellyou the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。
2)只用be able to
a. 位于助動詞后。
b. 情態(tài)動詞后。
c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動作時(shí)。
d. 用于句首表示條件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí),只能用was/wereable to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europebefore the war broke out.
= He managed to fleeEurope before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示時(shí)態(tài)
1)提出委婉的請求,(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have thetelevision on?
--- Yes, you can. / No,you can't.
2)在否定,疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。
He couldn't be a badman.
他不大可能是壞人。
比較may和might
1) 表示允許或請求;表示沒有把握的推測;may放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might表示推測時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成語: may/might aswell,后面接不帶to 的不定式,意為"不妨"。
If that is the case, wemay as well try.
典型例題
Peter ___come with ustonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. mustB. mayC. canD.will
答案B.表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。
比較have to和must
1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思,have to表示客觀的需要, must 表示說話人主觀上的看法,既主觀上的必要。
My brother was very ill,so I had to call the doctor in the middle of thenight.我弟弟病得很厲害,我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)
He said that they mustwork hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。(主觀上要做這件事)
2)haveto有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化,而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。
He had to look after hissister yesterday.
3) 在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中: don't haveto表示"不必"
mustn't表示"禁止",
You don't have to tell himabout it.你不一定要把此事告訴他。
You mustn't tell him aboutit.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。
must表示推測
1)must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測,意為"一定"。
2)must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí), must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進(jìn)行式。
You have worked hard allday.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷)
He must be working in hisoffice. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。
比較:
He must be stayingthere.
他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。
He must stay there.
他必須呆在那。
3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí),must要接完成式。
I didn't hear the phone. Imust have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話,我想必是睡著了。
4)must表示對過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測,must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)行式。
---Why didn't you answermy phone call?
---Well, I must have beensleeping, so I didn't hear it.
5) 否定推測用can't。
If Tom didn't leave hereuntil five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點(diǎn)才離開這兒,他此時(shí)一定還未到家。
表示推測的用法
can, could, may, might,must 皆可表示推測,其用法如下:
1)情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的推測,此時(shí)動詞通常為系動詞。
I don't know where she is,she may be in Wuhan.
2)情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)行的情況進(jìn)行推測。
At this moment, ourteacher must be correcting our exam papers.
這時(shí),我們老師想必在批改試卷。
3)情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時(shí)。
表示對過去情況的推測。
We would have finishedthis work by the end of next December.
明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。
The road is wet. It musthave rained last night.
地是濕的,昨天晚上一定下雨了。
4)情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。
表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。
Your mother must have beenlooking for you.
你媽媽一定一直在找你。
5)推測的否定形式,疑問形式用can't,couldn't表示。
Mike can't have found hiscar, for he came to work by bus this morning.
邁克一定還沒有找回他的車,因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹?div style="height:15px;">
注意:could,might表示推測時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài),其推測的程度不如can, may。
情態(tài)動詞+have+過去分詞
1) may(might) have + donesth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去,推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。
Philip may (might) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) havebeen hurt seriously in the car accident.
2)must have +donesth,對過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測,語氣較強(qiáng),具有"肯定","諒必"的意思。
---Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.
---She must have gone bybus.
3) ought to have done sth,should have done sth
本應(yīng)該做某事,而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。
You ought to (should) havebeen more careful in this experiment.
He ought not to havethrown the old clothes away.(事實(shí)上已扔了。)
ought to 在語氣上比should要強(qiáng)。
4) needn't have donesth本沒必要做某事
I dressed very warmly forthe trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.
5) would like to have donesth本打算做某事
I would like to have readthe article, but I was very busy then.
should和ought to
should 和ought to都為"應(yīng)該"的意思,可用于各種人稱。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he oughtto.
表示要求,命令時(shí),語氣由should(應(yīng)該)、had better最好)、must(必須)漸強(qiáng)。
had better表示最好
had better相當(dāng)于一個助動詞,它只有一種形式,它后面要跟動詞原形。
had better do sth
had better not do sth
It is pretty cold. You'dbetter put on my coat.
She'd better not play withthe dog.
had better have donesth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果,意為"本來最好"。
You had better have comeearlier.
would rather表示"寧愿"
would rather do
would rather not do
would rather…than…寧愿……而不愿。
還有would sooner, hadrather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。
If I have a choice, I hadsooner not continue my studies at this school.
I would rather stay herethan go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之代詞
[導(dǎo)讀]
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之代詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
窗體頂端
窗體底端
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之代詞進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助:
人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主高考資源網(wǎng)格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
John waited a while buteventually he went home.
約翰等了一會兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passengerwould be Mary and indeed it was she.
約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中,例如:
When he arrived, John wentstraight to the bank.
約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them, atleast, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語,them做介詞賓語,her作主語補(bǔ)語)
a. -- Who broke thevase?--誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me.--我。(me作主語補(bǔ)語=It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語?,F(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡短對話中,當(dāng)人稱代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not后,多用賓語。
---- I likeEnglish.--我喜歡英語。
---- Me too.--我也喜歡。
---- Have morewine?--再來點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?
---- Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。但如果比較狀語的謂語保留,則主語只能用主格。
He is taller thanI/me.
He is taller than Iam.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話用語中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak toMary. --我想和瑪麗通話。
---- This is she.--我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動詞be 或to be后的人稱代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
I thought it was she.我以為是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to beher.(賓格----賓格)
I was taken to beshe.我被當(dāng)成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to beher.他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
代詞的指代問題
1)不定代詞anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式場合使用時(shí),可用he, his, him代替。
Nobody came, didhe?誰也沒來,是嗎?
2)動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food.She is hungry.給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。
3)指代車或國家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時(shí)常用she。
并列人稱代詞的排列順序
1) 單數(shù)人稱代詞并列作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?div style="height:15px;">第二人稱 ->第三人稱 -> 第一人稱
you ->he/she;it -> I
You, he and I shouldreturn on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞作主語時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋?div style="height:15px;">第一人稱 ->第二人稱 -> 第三人稱
we->you->They
注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),
It was I and John thatmade her angry.
是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b.在長輩對晚輩,長官對下屬說話時(shí),如長官為第一人稱,如:I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主語只有第一人稱和第三人稱時(shí),
d. 當(dāng)其他人稱代詞或名詞被定語從句修飾時(shí)。
物主代詞
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger;apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見,他桌子上有個破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my,your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu),例如:
Jack's cap意為 The cap isJack's.
His cap 意為 The cap ishis.
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語,例如:
May I use your pen? Yoursworks better.
我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎? 你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語,例如:
I love my motherland asmuch as you love yours.
我愛我的祖國就像你愛你的祖國一樣深。
c. 作介詞賓語,例如:
Your should interpret whatI said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說的話,而不能按你自己的意義去解釋。
d. 作主語補(bǔ)語,例如:
The life I have is yours.It's yours. It's yours.我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that,these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another,which等詞一起前置,修飾一個名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。
公式為:
a, an, this, that +名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞。如:
a friend of mine.
each brother of his.
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
反身代詞
1) 列表
Iyouyoushehe
myselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimself
wetheyitone
ourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself
2)做賓語
a. 有些動詞需有反身代詞
absent, bathe, amuse,blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave
We enjoyed ourselves verymuch last night.我們昨晚玩得很開心。
Please help yourself tosome fish.請你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。
b. 用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞
take pride in, be annoyedwith, help oneself to sth.
I could not dress (myself)up at that time.那個時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動詞后不跟反身代詞, get up,sit-down, stand up, wake up等。
Please sit down.請坐。
3) 作表語; 同位語
be oneself: I am notmyself today.我今天不舒服。
The thing itself is notimportant.事情本身并不重要。
4) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except,for 等介詞后賓語用反身代詞或人稱代詞賓格均可。如:
No one but myself (me) ishurt.
注意:
a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語。
(錯) Myself drove thecar.
(對) I myself drove thecar.我自己開車。
b. 但在and, or,nor連接的并列主語中,第二個主語可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語。
Charles and myself sawit.
5)第二人稱作賓語,要用反身代詞。
You should be proud ofyourself.你應(yīng)為自己感到驕傲。
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
相互代詞
1)相互代詞只有each other和oneanother兩個詞組。他們表示句中動詞所敘述的動作或感覺在涉及的各個對象之間是相互存在的,例如:
It is easy to see that thepeople of different cultures have always copied each other.
顯而易見,不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。
2) 相互代詞的句法功能:
a. 作動詞賓語;
People should love oneanother. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛。
b. 可作介詞賓語;
Does bark, cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對唱。
說明:傳統(tǒng)語法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個以上人和物之間用oneanother。現(xiàn)代英語中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多,例如:
He put all the booksbeside each other.
他把所有書并列擺放起來。
He put all the booksbeside one another.
他把所有書并列擺放起來。
Usually these small groupswere independent of each other.
這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。
c. 相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格,例如:
The students borrowed eachother's notes.
學(xué)生們互借筆記。
高三英語復(fù)習(xí)要著重培養(yǎng)語言綜合運(yùn)用能力
高三英語復(fù)習(xí)要著重培養(yǎng)語言綜合運(yùn)用能力,語言運(yùn)用能力指獲取、理解信息的能力(聽、讀),按情景或要求表達(dá)思想、傳遞信息的能力(寫、譯)。隨著“二期課改”的深入,高考英語越來越注重語言能力的考核。翻開今年的英語高考考卷,你會發(fā)現(xiàn),除了20道語法選擇題和詞匯選擇題外,其余的包括聽力、綜合填空、語篇理解、翻譯和寫作等等均屬于語言能力的考核,而且分?jǐn)?shù)比值高達(dá)130分。即使是語法和詞匯選擇題,題干都比較長,強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體的語境中合理使用語法規(guī)則和詞匯,通俗地說,就是考學(xué)生的讀句能力。因此必須及早著重于語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的培養(yǎng)。
具體說來:首先,對于聽力、綜合填空、語篇理解、翻譯和寫作等綜合性考題,要盡早精選一些有關(guān)類型的題目,細(xì)水長流,經(jīng)常做做,逐漸提高。其次,對于自己的弱項(xiàng),更要多選一些題目,有針對性地做(比如,如果聽力較差,可系統(tǒng)地聽李永寧編著的《高考英語聽力》的磁帶)。而且對于做錯的題目不能一扔了之,而是要反復(fù)研究,每做一題都要有所收獲,逐漸培養(yǎng)出語感來,使自己的語言運(yùn)用能力不斷提高。
此外,從今年的考題看,應(yīng)用性和能力型的試題越來越多,命題取材更注重真實(shí)性,內(nèi)容涉及國內(nèi)外經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技、教育、文化、社會等的發(fā)展。因此,在聽力方面,可以采用精聽和泛聽相結(jié)合的辦法。除了做英語聽力考題外,還可經(jīng)常聽聽電視臺的英語廣播節(jié)目。在閱讀方面(包括綜合填空),除了做相關(guān)考題外,還可經(jīng)常看看學(xué)生英語報(bào)。在寫作方面,可根據(jù)周圍發(fā)生的事,自己寫些日記(或周記),把句子寫寫順,提高自己的文字表達(dá)能力,然后再逐漸練習(xí)各種題材的短文。
另外,在這里還必須強(qiáng)調(diào):仍然要不斷努力學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞和短語,不斷努力學(xué)習(xí)英語語法。要知道英語基礎(chǔ)知識的學(xué)習(xí)與語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的提高不僅不矛盾,而且還是相互促進(jìn)的。隨著英語基礎(chǔ)知識的提高,會對英語語言綜合運(yùn)用能力的提高大有好處。
直接引語和間接引語怎么互相轉(zhuǎn)換?
直接引語和間接引語怎么互相轉(zhuǎn)換?
一、把下列句子變成間接引語:
1. Mary often says, “Iwant to be a doctor when I grow up.”
→Mary often says that shewants to be a doctor when she grows up.
2. Mr Smith said, “John isa good student.”
→Mr Smith said that Johnwas a good student.
3. “We will come hereagain tonight,” the students said to the teacher.
→The students told theteacher that they would go there again that night.
4. He said,“I repaired thewatch yesterday.”
→He said that he hadrepaired the watch the day before.”
5. “I haven’t heard frommy parents these days,” he said.
→He said that he hadn’theard from his parents those days.
6. The childrensaid,“We’ll be back tomorrow.”
→The children said thatthey would be back the next day.”
7. Bob said to Mary,“I sawthe film two days ago.”
→Bob told Mary that he hadseen the film two days before.
8. The teacher said,“Canyou hear me, children?”
→The teacher asked thechildren if they could hear him.
9.“We’re going to study inthe USA next month,”they said.
→They said that they weregoing to study in the USA the next month.
10. “I’m checking yourhomework now,”his mother said.
→His mother said that shewas checking his homework then.
11. “The earth goes aroundthe sun,” the teacher said.
→The teacher said (that)the earth goes around the sun.
12.“I can finish it inhalf an hour,” the worker said to me.
→The worker told me hecould finish it in half an hour.
13.“Will you go to thestation with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” he askedme.
→He asked me if I would goto the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.
14.“Do you remember whatyour uncle told you last night?” Li Ping’s father asked him.
→Li Ping’s father askedhim if he remembered what his uncle told him the night before.
15.“Why did she refuse togo there?” the teacher asked.
→The teacher asked why shehad refused to go there.
16.“Please wait for me atthe gate of the Summer Palace at two tomorrow afternoon,” Kate saidto her friend.
→Kate asked her friend towait for her at the gate of the Summer Palace at two the nextafternoon.
17.“Are you feeling bettertoday?” the doctor asked my sister.
→The doctor asked mysister if she was feeling better that day.
18. He said to me,“Wheredid you go last week?”
→He asked me where had Ihad gone the week before.
19. He said,“I joined theEnglish Club in 2007.”
→He said that he joinedthe English Club in 2007.
20. John said to me,“Wherewill you go this Sunday?”
→John asked me where Iwould go that Sunday.
21.She said,“I will comethis evening.”
→She said that she wouldgo that evening.
22.“Had you finished yourhomework before you watched TV?” Kate’s mother asked her.
→Kate’s mother asked herif she had finished her homework before she watched TV.
二、把下列句子變成直接引語:
1. He said he knew nothingabout Tom.
→He said,“I know nothingabout Tom.”
2. Tom asked Mary if shewould watch his CD-ROMs that day.
→Tom said to Mary,“Willyou watch my CD-ROMs today?”
3. Tom’s mother asked himwhy he has made so many mistakes in his homework that time.
→Tom’s mother said tohim,“Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework thistime?”
→Tom’s mother asked,“Tom,Why have you made so many mistakes in your homework this time?”
4. They said they hadstudied English for three years.
→They said,“We havestudied English for three years.”
5. He told me there wouldbe a basketball match that afternoon.
→He said to me,“There willbe a basketball match this afternoon.”
6. Uncle Wang asked mewhere my father had been and what he had been doing all thosedays.
→Uncle Wang askedme,“Where has your father been and what has he been doing all thesedays?”
7. He said he had seen thefilm that day.
→He said,“I saw the filmyesterday.”
8. He said he had finishedthe work that day.
→ He said,“I have finishedthe work today.”
9. He told his little sonto go inside and not come out until the rain had stopped.
→He told his littleson,“Go inside and don’t come out until the rain has stopped.”
10. The conductor askedZhang Hong where she was going to get off.
→The conductor said toZhang Hong,“Where are you going to get off ?”
11. He asked whether theywould go with him.
→He asked,“Will you gowith me?”
12. Mr White asked me togive his wife a message when she returned from the library.
→Mr White said tome,“Please give my wife a message when she returns from thelibrary.”
13. A asked the teacherwhether Gauss was born in 1777.
→A asked the teacher,“WasGauss born in 1777?”
14. The old worker told usnot to forget the past.
→The old worker sad tous,“Don’t forget the past.”
15. He asked me WhyEidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worthteaching.
→He asked me,“Why didEidson’s teacher said that he wasn’t bright and wasn’t worthteaching?”
16. He asked me what elseI wanted him to do.
→He asked me,“what else doyou want me to do?”
17. She asked Xiao Wang ifthat kind of telephone was made in Guangzhou.
→She asked Xiao Wang,“Isthis kind telephone made in Guangzhou? ”
18. He asked me how manytimes I had been to my home town since 2000.
→ He asked me,“How manytimes have you been to your home town since 2000?”
19. I asked one of theboys if there were any mistakes in his homework.
→I asked one of theboys,“Are there any mistakes in your homework?”
20. She told me she hadseen a letter on my desk the day before.
→ “I saw a letter on yourdesk yesterday,” she said to me.
21. The guard said that hewould not let him in if he had no pass.
→ The guard said,“I willnot let you in if you have no pass.”
虛擬語氣的倒裝形式怎么用?
虛擬語氣的倒裝形式怎么用?
窗體底端
虛擬語氣的倒裝形式怎么用?請看典型考題:
__________ your address,Iwould have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I toknow
C. Had I known D. If Ishould know
此題應(yīng)選C。這是虛擬語氣的倒裝形式。當(dāng)虛擬條件句中含有 were,had,should,could等動詞時(shí),可以將if省略,然后將were,had,should,could 等詞移至句首:
1. If he should fail,hewould kill himself.
→Should he fail,he wouldkill himself.
萬一失敗,他就會自殺。
2. If I were you,I woulddo it at once.
→Were I you,I would do itat once.
假若我是你,我就會馬上做。
3. If I could do it,Iwould.
→Could I do it,Iwould.
要是我能做此事,我一定會做。
4. If he had seen youyesterday,he would haveasked you about it.
→Had he seen youyesterday,he would haveasked you about it.
他昨天要是看到了你,他就會問你這事了。
順便說一句,以上移至句首的had不一定是助動詞,如果是實(shí)義動詞也可倒裝:
If he had money,he wouldbuy a car.
→Had he money,he would buya car.
他要是有錢,他就會買一輛小車。
巧顧課外輔導(dǎo)介紹兩種常考的虛擬語氣句型
課外資訊頻道 2010年01月04日22:50巧顧課外輔導(dǎo)
窗體頂端
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窗體底端
巧顧課外輔導(dǎo)介紹兩種??嫉奶摂M語氣句型:If it weren’t for…和If ithadn’t been for…
一、句型介紹
這兩個句型是If it weren’tfor…和If it hadn’t beenfor…,這是兩個很常用的虛擬語氣句型,也經(jīng)常受到命題人的青睞,其意為“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如:
If it weren’t for water,no plant could grow. 要是沒有水植物就無法生長。
You wouldn’t be anywhereif it weren’t for Ruth. 若不是有魯思你不會有任何成就。
If it hadn’t been for thedoctor, he would have died. 要不是醫(yī)生救了他,他就會死了。
If it hadn’t been forMary, I might not have understood. 要不是有瑪麗,我可能還不理解。
二、與but for, without等替換
這兩個句型有時(shí)可用but for,without等替換。如:
要不是有你幫忙,我們是不會成功的。
If it hadn’t been for yourassistance we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistancewe wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistancewe wouldn’t have succeeded.
三、時(shí)間上的同與異
原則上說,if it weren’t[wasn’t] for 用于談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的情況,而if it hadn’t been for 用于談?wù)撨^去的情況。但實(shí)際上if itweren’t [wasn’t] for有時(shí)也可用于談?wù)撨^去的情況:
If it weren’t for theirhelp, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.要不是他們幫助,這些困難我們是克服不了的。
虛擬條件句的常見類型
虛擬條件句的常見類型有三種,條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)(虛擬)條件句兩種。真實(shí)條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的,而非真實(shí)條件句則通常表示一種假想,與事實(shí)相反或不大可能會發(fā)生:
If I have time, I will gowith them. 假若我有時(shí)間,我就同他們?nèi)ァ?陳述語氣)
If I were you, I would gowith them. 假若我是你,我就同他們?nèi)ァ?虛擬語氣)
虛擬條件句的三種基本類型
一、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could,might)+動詞原形”:
If you took a taxi,you’dget there quicker. 如果你坐出租車去,你可以快一點(diǎn)到那里。(但你不坐)
If I knew her number Icould ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號碼,我就可以給她打電話了。(可惜我不知道)
二、與過去事實(shí)相反
若與過去事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(shí)(had+過去分詞),主句謂語用“should (would, could,might)+have+過去分詞”:
If I’d left sooner,I’dhave been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動身,我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動身太遲了)
If we had found himearlier we could have saved his life.要是我們當(dāng)時(shí)早點(diǎn)找到他的話,我們就可以救活他。(可惜我們找到他太晚了)
三、與將來事實(shí)相反
若與將來事實(shí)相反,條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were),主句謂語用“should (would, could,might)+動詞原形”:
If he went,would you gotoo? 如果他去,你也去嗎?(大概他不會去)
If I asked him,I’m surehe’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他會幫助我們。(不過我不打算這樣做)
注:幾點(diǎn)特別說明
①主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后。would, might,could的大致區(qū)別是:would表示結(jié)果,might表示可能性,could表示能力、允許或可能性。比較:
If you tried again youwould succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就會成功的。(would表結(jié)果)
If you tried again youmight succeed. 要是你再試一試,你可能會成功的。(might表可能)
If you tried again youcould succeed. 要是你再試一試,你就能成功了。(could表能力)
②條件從句的謂語動詞為be時(shí),不管其主語為單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)通常都用were,但在口語或非正式文體中的單數(shù)第一人稱和第三人稱后,也可用was,不過在If I were you這樣的表達(dá)中,通常還是以用were為宜。
③ 有時(shí)條件從句用would表示愿意:
If he would live on withme, I would be his better half. 要是他還愿意跟我過,我仍會做他的妻子。
④對于與將來事實(shí)相反的情形,請注意以下幾點(diǎn):一是這里說的與將來事實(shí)相反,實(shí)為對將來情況的推測;二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外,有時(shí)也用“should+動詞原形”(表示可能性極小,常譯為“萬一”)或“wereto+動詞原形”(表示與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè));三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動詞原形”這樣的謂語時(shí),主句謂語除可用“should(would, could, might)+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣外,也可用陳述語氣或祈使語氣:
If it should raintomorrow, don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨,就不要等我了。
I should see him, I’lltell him. 萬一我見到他,我就告訴他。
與未來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣怎么用
與未來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣怎么用?請看下面的題目:
If we __________ 200 yearsold,we __________ everything.
A. were to be,could changeB. had been,changed
C. were,would have changedD. should be,changed
此題應(yīng)選A。該題考查與將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,此時(shí)的主句謂語通常用would(should,could,might)+動詞原形,而從句謂語可能有以下幾種情況:
1. 從句謂語用過去式:
If your father knewthis,he would be angry. 要是你父親知道了,他會生氣的。
If it rained tomorrow,thesports meet would beput off. 要是明天下雨,運(yùn)動會就推遲。
2.從句謂語用should+動詞原形(通常指可能性極小的事情,一般譯為“萬一”):
If it should rain,thecrops would be saved. 要是有雨,這莊稼還有救。
此類句型的主句謂語有時(shí)可以用祈使句甚至將來時(shí)態(tài):
If it should raintomorrow,don’t expect me. 萬一明天下雨,就不要等我了。
If I should be freetomorrow,I will come. 萬一我明天有空,我就來。
3. 從句謂語用were to+動詞原形(通常指可能性極小可或近乎不可能,有時(shí)指出乎意料):
If the sun were to rise inthe west,my love for you would not change. 即使太陽從西邊出,我對你的愛也不會變。
ifonly開頭的虛擬語氣怎么用?
ifonly開頭的虛擬語氣怎么用?if only 與 Iwish一樣,也用于表示與事實(shí)相反的愿望,其后所虛擬語氣的時(shí)態(tài)與 wish 后所接時(shí)態(tài)的情況相同:
If only she had had morecourage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only it would stopraining! 雨要是停了就好了。
If only he didn’t drive sofast. 但愿他車沒開得那么快。
If only I were [was]better looking. 要是我長得漂亮些就好了。
If only I had listened tomy parents! 我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了。
If only she would go withme! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
【友情提示】if only通常獨(dú)立使用,沒有主句。
高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之副詞It'stime引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣具體怎么用
It'stime引導(dǎo)的從句用虛擬語氣具體怎么用?
一、基本用法
從句謂語通常用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?,有時(shí)也用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)或“should+動詞原形”(較少見,且should不能省略),其意為“(早)該干某事了”:
It’s time we ordereddinner. 現(xiàn)在該叫菜了。
I think It’s time you wentto bed. 我想你該睡覺了。
It’s time we went [weregoing, should go]. 我們該走了。
It’s time you washed thosetrousers. 你該洗洗那條褲子了。
I’m getting tired. It’stime we went home. 我累了,我們該回家了。
I think it’s time theywere taught a lesson. 我想現(xiàn)在該給他們一點(diǎn)教訓(xùn)了。
It’s time someone spoke upfor the less privileged in our society. 應(yīng)該有人為我們社會中較不幸的人說說話了。
It’s time you looked aheadand made plans for your retirement. 是你為以后想一想并對退休后的生活做出安排的時(shí)候了。
二、同義表達(dá)
該是孩子們上床的時(shí)間了。
It’s time the kids were inbed.
=It’s time for the kids tobe in bed.
三、兩點(diǎn)說明
(1)time前有時(shí)有about和high修飾:
It’s high time we left.我們早該動身了。
It’s high time you boughta new car. 你該買輛新車了。
I think it’s high timethat she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。
It’s high time they beganto take you seriously. 現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該開始認(rèn)真對待你了。
(2) 與其他的虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)不同,該結(jié)構(gòu)不能在該用was 時(shí)而用 were:
It’s time I was in bed.我該上床睡了。(不用were)
及其基本用法
本文將對高中英語語法專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)之副詞及其基本用法進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹,希望對大家的英語學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,副詞主要用來修飾動詞,形容詞,副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。
一、副詞的位置:
1) 在動詞之前。
2) 在be動詞、助動詞之后。
3)多個助動詞時(shí),副詞一般放在第一個助動詞后。
注意:
a.大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾,但賓語過長,副詞可以提前,以使句子平衡。
We could see very clearlya strange light ahead of us.
b.方式副詞well,badly糟、壞,hard等只放在句尾。
He speaks Englishwell.
二、副詞的排列順序:
1)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)副詞,小單位的在前,大單位在后。
2)方式副詞,短的在前,長的在后,并用and或but等連詞連接。
Please write slowly andcarefully.
3)多個不同副詞排列:程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。
注意:副詞very可以修飾形容詞,但不能修飾動詞。
改錯:(錯)I very likeEnglish.
(對)I like English verymuch.
注意:副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面,形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。
I don't know him wellenough.
There is enough food foreveryone to eat.
There is food enough foreveryone to eat.
兼有兩種形式的副詞
1) close與closely
close意思是"近"; closely意思是"仔細(xì)地"
He is sitting close tome.
Watch him closely.
2)late 與lately
late意思是"晚"; lately意思是"最近"
You have come toolate.
What have you been doinglately?
3)deep與deeply
deep意思是"深",表示空間深度;deeply時(shí)常表示感情上的深度,"深深地"
He pushed the stick deepinto the mud.
Even father was deeplymoved by the film.
4)high與highly
high表示空間高度;highly表示程度,相當(dāng)于much
The plane was flyinghigh.
I think highly of youropinion.
5)wide與widely
wide表示空間寬度;widely意思是"廣泛地","在許多地方"
He opened the doorwide.
English is widely used inthe world.
6)free與freely
free的意思是"免費(fèi)";freely的意思是"無限制地"
You can eat free in myrestaurant whenever you like.
You may speak freely; saywhat you like.
形容詞與副詞的比較級
大多數(shù)形容詞(性質(zhì)形容詞)和副詞有比較級和最高級的變化,即原級、比較級和最高級,用來表示事物的等級差別。原級即形容詞的原形,比較級和最高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則
變化兩種。
1) 規(guī)則變化
單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞,加詞尾-er,-est來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。
構(gòu)成法
原級
比較級
最高級
一般單音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est
tall(高的)
great(巨大的)
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的單音詞和少數(shù)以- le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞只加-r,-st
nice(好的)
large(大的)
able(有能力的)
nicer
larger
abler
nicest
largest
ablest
以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞,雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的)
hot (熱的)
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
"以輔音字母+y"結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的)
busy(忙的)
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少數(shù)以-er,-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞未尾加-er,-est
clever(聰明的)
narrow(窄的)
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞,在前面加more,most來構(gòu)成比較級和最高級。
important(重要的)
easily(容易地)
more important
more easily
most important
most easily
2) 不規(guī)則變化
原級
比較級
最高級
good(好的)
well(健康的)
better
best
bad (壞的)
ill(有病的)
worse
worst
old (老的)
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many(多的)
more
most
little(少的)
less
least
far (遠(yuǎn)的)
farther/further
farthest/furthest
as+形容詞或副詞原級+as
1)在否定句或疑問句中可用so… as。
He cannot run so/as fast as you.
2)當(dāng)as… as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式。
as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞
as + many/much +名詞
This is as good an example as the other is.
I can carry as much paper as you can..
3)用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí),放在as的前面。
This room is twice as big as that one.
Your room is the same size as mine.
4) 倍數(shù)+ as + adj. +as<=> 倍數(shù)+ then + of
This bridge is three times as long as that one.
This bridge is three times the length of thatone.
Your room is twice as large as mine.
Your room is twice the size of mine.
比較級形容詞或副詞+than
You are taller than I.
They lights in your room are as bright as those inmine.
注意:
1)要避免重復(fù)使用比較級。
(錯) He is more cleverer than his brother.
(對) He is more clever than his brother.
(對) He is clever than his brother.
2)要避免將主語含在比較對象中。
(錯) China is larger that any country in Asia.
(對) China is larger than any other countries inAsia.
3)要注意對應(yīng)句型,遵循前后一致的原則。
The population of Shanghai is larger than that ofBeijing.
It is easier to make a plan than to carry itout.
4)要注意冠詞的使用,后有名詞的時(shí)候,前面才有可能有名詞。
比較:Which is large, Canada or Australia?
Which is the larger country, Canada orAustralia?
She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
可修飾比較級的詞
1)a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many,a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等
2)還可以用表示倍數(shù)的詞或度量名詞作修飾語。
3)以上詞(除by far)外,必須置于比較級形容詞或副詞的前面。
典型例題:
1)---- Are you feeling ____?
---- Yes,I'm fine now.
A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good
D. quite better
答案:B. any 可修飾比較級,quite修飾原級,well的比較級為better.
2)The experiment was____ easier than we hadexpected.
A.moreB.much more C.much
D.more much
答案:C.much可修飾比較級,因此B,C都說得通,但easier本身已是比較級,不需more,因此C為正確答案。
3)If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school.
A. the happiest timeB. a more happier time
C. much happiest timeD.a much happier time
答案:D。
高中英語語法項(xiàng)目表
說明:
(1)標(biāo)*號的項(xiàng)目,七級要求理解,8級要求掌握。
(2)高中階段的語法教學(xué),應(yīng)從語言運(yùn)用的角度出發(fā),把語言的形式、意義和用法有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來。要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在語境中了解和掌握語法的表意功能。
1. 名詞
(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)
(2)不可數(shù)名詞
(3)專有名詞
(4)名詞所有格
2. 代詞
(1)人稱代詞
(2)物主代詞
(3)反身代詞
(4)指示代詞
(5)不定代詞
(6)疑問代詞
3. 數(shù)詞
(1)基數(shù)詞
(2)序數(shù)詞
4. 介詞和介詞短語
5.連詞
6. 形容詞(比較級最高級
7. 副詞(比較級最高級
8. 冠詞
9. 動詞
(1)動詞的基本形式
(2)系動詞
(3)及物動詞和不及物動詞
(4)助動詞
(5)情態(tài)動詞
10.時(shí)態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
(2)一般過去時(shí)
(3)一般將來時(shí)
(4)過去將來時(shí)
(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
(6)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
(7)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)*
(8)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
(9)過去完成時(shí)*
(10)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)*
11.被動語態(tài)
12. 非謂語動詞
(1)動詞不定式
(2)動詞的-ing形式
(3)動詞的-ed形式
13. 構(gòu)詞法
(1)合成法
(2)派生法
(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法
(4)縮寫和簡寫
14. 句子種類
(1)陳述句
(2)疑問句
(3)祈使句
(4)感嘆句
15. 句子成分
(1)主語
(2)謂語
(3)表語
(4)賓語
(5)定語
(6)狀語
(7)補(bǔ)語*
16. 簡單句的基本句型
17. 主謂一致*
18. 并列復(fù)合句
19. 主從復(fù)合句
(1)賓語從句
(2)狀語從句
(3)定語從句
(4)主語從句*
(5)同位語從句*
(6)表語從句*
20. 間接引語*
21. 省略*
22.倒裝*
23.強(qiáng)調(diào)*
24. 虛擬語氣*
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