原標(biāo)題：《探秘?cái)?shù)字身份》
作者：德鼎創(chuàng)新基金合伙人 王岳華， Richard Wang, General Partner of DraperDragon Fund
在NUCB Business school 的發(fā)言，11/18
It's my pleasure to present here and to share my thinking and some ideas about the digital ID. First of all, I would like to introduce myself, my name is Richard Wang, and I was also an entrepreneur back to almost 10 years ago. In 2011, I started to work for Draper Dragon, which is a typical and traditional venture capital firm with the headquarter in Silicon Valley, Bay Area. Since then, I have spent my last 11 years into the venture capital business. We are a typical USD fund, and we also have offices in China, and we have our RMB fund as well.
很榮幸在區(qū)塊鏈起源研討會上進(jìn)行本次講演，與大家分享我對數(shù)字身份的一些觀點(diǎn)。首先和大家簡單介紹一下我自己，我叫Richard，大約十年前我作為企業(yè)家出身，并在2011年加入了德鼎創(chuàng)新基金，它是一家總部位于硅谷的傳統(tǒng)的風(fēng)險投資基金，從那時起，我開始了投身近12年的風(fēng)投事業(yè)。德鼎創(chuàng)新基金是一家典型的美元基金，在中國也設(shè)有辦事處以及人民幣基金。
We actually focus on three different areas, which are TMT, healthcare since 2006, and blockchain since 2014, respectively. Our footprint is quite broad, as for the TMT field, we have invested in quit a lot biotech companies, semiconductor companies and technology companies. In the healthcare field, we do have a lot of medical devices companies as well as some companies specialized in developing therapy methods for some specific diseases. It has been 7 years since we’ve invested in the blockchain area, including the crypto and digital assets. Talking more about the blockchain, we own over 60 portfolios today, including Coinbase, which is the largest regulated exchange in the world. And also, Ledger, which is the number one cold wallet company worldwide. We also invested in Telegram in 2018 before, I believe some of you may know about Telegram, which was a very popular decentralized and encrypted messenger platform. But unfortunately, because of some regulations of the US SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission), the investors of Telegram were forced to exit. Anyhow, we do have a lot of experience in the blockchain area.
德鼎創(chuàng)新基金是TMT、醫(yī)療保健和區(qū)塊鏈領(lǐng)域的活躍投資者。我們從2014年開始進(jìn)行區(qū)塊鏈領(lǐng)域的投資，在至今的7年中涵蓋了加密和數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的公司，我們在區(qū)塊鏈領(lǐng)域擁有超過60家被投項(xiàng)目，包括最大的持牌加密貨幣交易平臺Coinbase、世界第一的冷錢包Ledger。我們在2018年的時候還投了大受歡迎的去中心化、功能齊全的跨平臺即時通訊軟件Telegram，我相信你們可能對它有所耳聞，但由于美國證券交易委員會的規(guī)定，所有投資者不得不退出投資?？偠灾覀冊趨^(qū)塊鏈投資領(lǐng)域有著豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
Today, we are still interested in Layer 1 and Layer 2. While on top of that, there is something called Layer 0, it is all about protocol-related projects, which serve as the infrastructure for the blockchain. Currently, we are also interested in NFT, DeFi, GamFi, Metaverse concept projects, to name a few. Speak of NFT, we have approximately 8 portfolios so far, including some very good Marketplace companies in the USA. In brief, all those companies and their products are supposed to be supported by Web 3.0.
目前，我們?nèi)匀粚ayer 1 和 Layer 2的項(xiàng)目很感興趣，除此之外，還有包括了協(xié)議相關(guān)項(xiàng)目的Layer 0，它為區(qū)塊鏈起到了基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)的作用，我們持續(xù)關(guān)注包括NFT、 DeFi、GamFi和元宇宙等領(lǐng)域在內(nèi)的項(xiàng)目，我們目前大約有8個NFT的投資組合，其中包括了一些非常優(yōu)秀的美國NFT Marketplace交易平臺。而所有這些公司及其產(chǎn)品都是以Web 3.0為基礎(chǔ)的。
People talk a lot about the metaverse as well as Web 3.0. I would say that the metaverse is quite likely to be a new and innovative lifestyle for human beings in the near future. For example, in 3 to 5 years you are supposed to see numerous metaverse concept projects, then in 1 to 2 decades, these metaverse concept projects are expected to be more mature and much better. Overall, all those things need to be built based on the infrastructure of Web 3.0.
如今元宇宙和Web 3.0已經(jīng)成為了炙手可熱的話題，我認(rèn)為在不遠(yuǎn)的將來元宇宙有可能為人類帶來一種全新的、富有創(chuàng)意的生活方式。例如，在3、5年內(nèi)大家很有可能看到一系列元宇宙概念的項(xiàng)目誕生，再經(jīng)過一二十年，這些項(xiàng)目將變得更加成熟和完善，這些改變無疑同樣是在Web 3.0提供的底層基礎(chǔ)之上進(jìn)行建設(shè)。
There are three key factors throughout Web 3.0. The first one is Artificial Intelligence, which we have already witnessed in our daily life through all kinds of applications embedded machines and chips, you may get a glimpse of the beauty of the AI Algorithm. In the future, the tiny algorithm needs to be embedded into the protocol. For example, in blockchain, we talk about smart-contract which is 'smart’ and is even expected to be more intelligent later on. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence will be one of the very key factors for Web 3.0.
Web 3.0有三個關(guān)鍵因素。第一個是人工智能（AI），我們在生活中已經(jīng)可以透過一些機(jī)器或是芯片的應(yīng)用對AI包括智能算法的精妙有所感受，在未來，這些細(xì)小的算法需要被嵌入和內(nèi)化到協(xié)議中。例如，在區(qū)塊鏈中我們時常提到的智能合約，在未來它不僅僅是“智能”的，也會變得更加“智慧”。因此，AI是Web 3.0的核心要素之一。
The second factor is edge computing. Nowadays, a lot of information has been stored in the cloud, which represents social and mobile, and is a critical part for Web 2.0. While in web 3.0 we have edge computing instead of the clouding in Web 2.0. So why the edge computing is going to be more and more important? Because in the future, everything is at the edge side, at the terminal side, at the personal side, even at each single device side is going to related with the digital ID, and is going to be more and more important. Therefore, you will require more and more computing and distributed storage as well. Clearly, the edge computing is becoming more and more crucial, and that would be a very basic feature and factor for Web 3.0 too.
第二個核心要素是邊緣計(jì)算。現(xiàn)在許多信息被上傳存儲在云上，云服務(wù)結(jié)合社交化和可移動化，是Web 2.0的關(guān)鍵要素。Web 3.0中與其對應(yīng)的邊緣計(jì)算越來越體現(xiàn)出其重要性，其原因在于，在不久的未來，邊緣端、終端或是說個人端甚至每個設(shè)備上的各種信息將與數(shù)字身份息息相關(guān)，因而對計(jì)算和分布式存儲的需求也愈發(fā)顯著。邊緣計(jì)算重要性日漸凸顯，毫無疑問的，它也是Web 3.0的基礎(chǔ)要素之一。
The third one, I would say it might be the most important one, the so-called distributed data network. Why distributed data network? In web 3.0, every single data either generated or created by different notes, objects, people or different entities come from distributed network. That's the fundamental elements of Web 3.0.- AI, the edge computing and distributed data on the network.
第三個也是我認(rèn)為最重要的要素是分布式數(shù)據(jù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。為什么呢？每個在不同設(shè)備中包含的，或是由人、物所創(chuàng)造的數(shù)據(jù)都來源于分布式網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這是構(gòu)成Web 3.0的基礎(chǔ)。由此，AI、邊緣計(jì)算和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的分布式數(shù)據(jù)是Web 3.0的三個關(guān)鍵因素。
Then people think about what is the other fundamental factor in Web 3.0 that serve as infrastructure. That is digital ID. When a person was born, he got a name, or saying, ID, even if it’s a very stupid name. ID is very basic in the digital world, all it is about is one thing which we call as 'certificate’. This certification is bound with something such as data or a human being. Digital ID is certificate, but actually it's not just ID itself, it is data certificate in web 3.0. If you think about people's ID, the ID means somebody, but in digital world, the ID means data certificate. This data is going to show who you are, where you are from, and also where you're going to.
除此之外，人們還會思考其他構(gòu)成Web 3.0的基礎(chǔ)要素，即數(shù)字身份（數(shù)字ID）。人們出生的時候擁有的名字就是一個ID，即使滑稽的名字也不影響它作為ID的功能。同樣的，ID在數(shù)字世界、在Web 3.0也發(fā)揮著最基礎(chǔ)的功能，而這里說的ID實(shí)際上指“數(shù)字憑證”，它與人或者數(shù)據(jù)綁定,這些數(shù)據(jù)能夠進(jìn)一步展現(xiàn)你是誰、你從哪來、你要到哪去。
The data is so important, those data generated or created from you is the interaction between you and other people so as well other things. Those data which is going to prove who you are is all about you. So, what is the ID? Again, it is the certificate which presents a best way to prove 'who you are’ for the reason that it is unique, specific, validated and valuable. The data comes from you without anybody else knows could be nothing but something valuable. But we need to select what kind of data we are going to contribute, keep and merge. Those data, again, is not only part of you, but the basic and fundamental things for the digital ID.
數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的，無論是從你本身產(chǎn)生的還是由你創(chuàng)造的，它代表著你與不同的人、物之間的交流互動。這些由你而來、與你相關(guān)同時僅你知道的數(shù)據(jù)能夠證明“你是誰”，基于它的價值以及獨(dú)特性、唯一性、可驗(yàn)證性和多變性，這種ID，即 “憑證”，是能夠證明“你是誰”，或者你想怎么呈現(xiàn)“你是誰”的最好的方法。為了達(dá)到這樣的效果，我們需要先篩選要提供、保存、融合的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)是構(gòu)成數(shù)字ID最根本、最基礎(chǔ)的部分。
You may hear about people talking about the so-called metadata, which is every single data originally create or generate from you through the interactions with other things and other people. It is quite important because the metadata is about you, to be more specific, your ID. Think about it, nowadays, it is the police who proves who you are. But in the future world, in Web 3.0, in the metaverse world, it should not be the police to prove who you are but the metadata authorized by all the different distributed entities, by all different people and different organizations. A single data may only prove part of who you are. However, if you merge them, they can prove 99% of you, and that is enough.
你也許聽說過所謂的“元數(shù)據(jù)”，它在你與不同的人和物的交互中產(chǎn)生。元數(shù)據(jù)是非常重要的，因?yàn)樗砹藢δ?，即你的ID的描述。想一想，如今警察可以證明你的身份，但在未來，在Web 3.0，在元宇宙，證明你身份的不再是警察而是被不同分布式的個體認(rèn)證的元數(shù)據(jù)。這些單獨(dú)的數(shù)據(jù)也許只能部分證明你的身份，但將它們?nèi)诤掀饋碇罂梢宰C明99%的身份，這就足夠了。
Then what is the data we're talking about? Again, it refers to the distributed data from all the interactions between you and other people as well as other things (or nodes). Actually, it is not only in the case that human’s interactions with people and things can generate data. Taking a wide imagination, not just a human beings got IDs but also an object (or machine) is supposed to own an ID. Take the self-driving car as an example. The self-driving car as a machine can also have ID because each car is different. There would be no human being as so-called owners for self-driving cars in the future, however, the car can be his own individual entity. Suppose a car is going to be produced by a car factory with a commitment to repay the loan which provides the capital for the production in 3 years. After the production was completes, the self-driving car is going to easily make its own living by picking up whatever the passenger it wants. Then, the car got the money, the crypto, the token or some kind of digital assets, therefore it can go to the charge station for power. In this way the car is supposed to get some return and pay back the loan to the car factory. That's exactly how a self-driving car exists without a human being as an owner. Each car is different with each other, such as they are able to travel in different ways with different passengers. So each car is unique thus it needs its own ID, in the way of the digital ID (again, it is all about data). Therefore, digital ID is available for both human and machines in the metaverse world base on web3.0 in the future.
我們這里所談到的數(shù)據(jù)指的是由你和其他人或物交流互動得到的分布式數(shù)據(jù)，但實(shí)際上這些數(shù)據(jù)不止可以來源于人與外界的互動，也可以來源于物。請展開暢想，不止是人可以有ID，物同樣可以擁有ID。例如，在未來自動駕駛汽車沒有傳統(tǒng)意義上的所有者，它可以獨(dú)立存在。當(dāng)一輛自動駕駛汽車承諾將在3年內(nèi)償還工廠生產(chǎn)汽車的債務(wù)，在完成生產(chǎn)后，汽車可以自主決定搭載哪些乘客，在獲得收入，即加密貨幣或代幣或某種數(shù)字資產(chǎn)后，去加“油”站購買能源，由此往復(fù)，汽車就能獲得利潤并向工廠償還債務(wù)。每輛自動駕駛汽車都是不同的，它們以不同的路線行駛、搭載不同的乘客，因此每輛獨(dú)一無二的車也需要以數(shù)字ID的形式擁有自己的身份。由此看來，基于web3.0的數(shù)字ID在未來的元宇宙中對于人和物都適用。
Let's go back to the data generated or created by people, in the future digital economic system, these data can be merged and used either in a synthesized way, or be separated and just partially used to fulfill some specific tasks. In that case, you might be able to create not only some new business models, but also new business paradigms, because not every task is going to ask for all your information. Therefore, the ID carried certain assets and value, which includes not only money that in financial way but also data itself, which is the real infrastructure.
再次說到由人產(chǎn)生或者創(chuàng)造出的數(shù)據(jù)，這些數(shù)據(jù)可以被當(dāng)作一個綜合的整體進(jìn)行運(yùn)用，也可以針對某些特定項(xiàng)目的訴求取其中的一部分來使用。由此，在未來的虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)架構(gòu)中，數(shù)據(jù)可以根據(jù)需要達(dá)成的不同目的被分割或是融合，這種情況下，我們期待不止將會浮現(xiàn)一些新的商業(yè)模型，更有新的商業(yè)范式出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)橐粋€項(xiàng)目并不會使用到你的全部信息。因此，承載某種資產(chǎn)的ID起到了基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)的作用，這里的資產(chǎn)不僅僅指金融方面的貨幣，數(shù)據(jù)本身也是一種資產(chǎn)。
Again, think of the self-driving cars, it can contribute a lot of valuable data about the traffic, even just patrol when driving by itself without any passengers. This self-driving car owns digital ID and it carries assets. Please take this as an example and try to open your mind, you're going to think about a lot more interesting ideas to hook up with the digital ID things. Anyway, ID is so basic, fundamental and critical, numerous different business paradigms can be created through merging or separating the ID data.
在剛剛的自動駕駛汽車的例子中，無論汽車是否搭載了乘客，它都可以為交通情況，甚至油價等其他方面貢獻(xiàn)大量有價值的數(shù)據(jù)，而這樣一種擁有獨(dú)立數(shù)字ID的自動駕駛汽車就承載一些資產(chǎn)。通過這些例子，也許你能夠打開思維，將更多有趣的想法與數(shù)字ID聯(lián)系在一起。簡而言之，ID作為至關(guān)重要的根本，新的商業(yè)范式將融合或分割I(lǐng)D數(shù)據(jù)中誕生。
In the case of a metaverse scenario, the importance of the digital ID can be imagined according to what I have just mentioned above. Taking the human being as another example. I'm currently 50 years old, I can create an artificially virtual Richard, or saying, a virtually digital ID, based on all the data collected over my past 50 years, which simulates 99.9% similarity of the real physical Richard. This virtual avatar can work 24/7 or he can work with me in parallel in different scenarios (or different digital world). But think about one more thing, one year later, this virtual ID has a lot more interactions with other things and therefore create large amount of data, however, the interactions did not actually happen to the physically real Richard. Therefore, those metadata created or generated by the avatar is going to affect the real physical Richard. In this case, then the 51-year-old Richard would be represented by the data merged from both the physically real Richard and the virtual Richard..
正如我剛剛提到的那樣，數(shù)字ID的重要性不言而喻。再舉個關(guān)于人的例子，比如說收集我過去50年人生中的所有數(shù)據(jù)來制造一個人造的虛擬的我，毫無疑問，投過適當(dāng)?shù)腁I算法其相似度可以高達(dá)99.9%，這個虛擬的替身同樣擁有他自己的數(shù)字ID，他可以24小時7天的同時和我在不同的場景中工作 （甚至同時在幾個元宇宙場景， 平行的元宇宙）。進(jìn)一步思考，一年后，當(dāng)這個虛擬ID與更多的事物進(jìn)行了交互，而實(shí)際上的本我并沒有與相應(yīng)的事物發(fā)生交互時，由數(shù)字虛擬身份產(chǎn)生或收集的元數(shù)據(jù)就會對本我產(chǎn)生影響。這情況下，51歲的我就是由虛擬身份和實(shí)際上的本我產(chǎn)生的兩方面數(shù)據(jù)所組成的。
When referring to the digital data, we can think about many different ideas, which can create a lot of different business paradigms. Just as the example I have mentioned that I can use all the data to simulate 99% of the real Richard. While if you only use 1% of the data, you can create a partial you, that you could name as 'second life’. Is it alright for 'the second life’ to ask for a digital ID as well? Of course! Although this digital ID is not going to be 100% the same as the original ID, it doesn't matter, because the digital ID is not the only thing that stands for all. You can have sub accounts under a digital ID, through which you got partial IDs which represent part of the whole ID. Overall, it is the data that actually matters. From this perspective, you can create a lot more interesting things.
由虛擬數(shù)據(jù)可以延伸出許多創(chuàng)意，并由此創(chuàng)造出更多的商業(yè)范式。正如我剛剛提到的根據(jù)過去所有的數(shù)據(jù)可以虛擬出一個相似度99%的Richard，僅使用1%的數(shù)據(jù)也可以部分創(chuàng)造一個你，可以是某種第二人生。那么這個第二人生是否需要數(shù)字ID呢？當(dāng)然！盡管它與原始ID的相似度無法達(dá)到100%也沒關(guān)系，因?yàn)閿?shù)字ID并不是獲知一切信息的唯一途徑，在一個數(shù)字ID下可以有子賬戶，這個子賬戶代表完整ID的一部分，實(shí)際上真正關(guān)鍵的是背后的數(shù)據(jù)。因而，ID在這個話題下也可以創(chuàng)造出更多有趣的東西。
You may think the things I'm talking about are still quite far away, they might be something unachievable because of current regulations or conservative business models. However, things change quickly, and you need to believe people’s capability how to be innovation and creation. I believe you're going to see the things I'm talking about very soon, saying, in 5 to 10 years. Nowadays, there are already a lot of protocols to address the digital ID issue, all the way from crypto wallet to SocialFi, GameFi applications as well as metaverse concept applications, for example you may found an ID in a gaming project. However, the idea is still not powerful, not diversified, and not versatile yet. Nevertheless, using the concept of digital ID you can create a lot more different business models.
你也許會認(rèn)為我在這里談到的話題離現(xiàn)實(shí)都還很遙遠(yuǎn)，受制于各種監(jiān)管或者商業(yè)模型，它們似乎無法實(shí)現(xiàn)。但是，變化在日新月異的發(fā)生著，我們相信人們的創(chuàng)造力和各種奇思妙想，我相信這些變化在未來的5到10年就會發(fā)生。如今已經(jīng)可以看到許多針對數(shù)字ID擬定的協(xié)議，同樣，從加密錢包到各種SocialFi、GameFi、元宇宙概念的運(yùn)用中都可以看到數(shù)字ID的身影。例如你可以在一個游戲性的項(xiàng)目中創(chuàng)建一個數(shù)字ID，但目前它還在不夠強(qiáng)大、不夠多元化和兼容性不足的階段，我們期待更多有趣的融合ID理念的商業(yè)模式。
Today, there have been a lot of crypto wallets using the digital ID, maybe you’ve heard about the public chains like Algorand, Solana and Dfinity, which all have some sort of digital IDs to carry the assets on the chains. Even Microsoft has the ID protocols to support applications. Also some US companies have defined digital ID protocols to help them manage their subsidiaries and reach those people who are unbanked or not even get a real ID, in case of being in some very poor countries. So the digital ID things have actually been used in some cases nowadays, at the meantime, using metadata to create or issue digital ID together with different business model is becoming more and more practical and crucial. Hopefully in the next 3 to 5 years you are going to see some more applications in this way.
如今許多加密錢包已經(jīng)運(yùn)用了虛擬ID，例如公鏈Algorand、 Solana 、Dfinity都運(yùn)用到數(shù)字ID在鏈上承載資產(chǎn)，甚至微軟也有自己的ID協(xié)議來支持一些應(yīng)用，一些美國公司也使用數(shù)字ID協(xié)議來幫助他們管理子公司和覆蓋來自貧窮國家的沒有銀行賬戶甚至沒有個人ID的用戶。因此可以看到數(shù)字ID已經(jīng)在今天的生活中有了運(yùn)用，根據(jù)元數(shù)據(jù)來創(chuàng)造數(shù)字ID和新的商業(yè)模型指日可待，在未來3到5年我們將看到更多這樣的運(yùn)用。
To summarize, digital ID is the infrastructure for all applications. It's a big topic, and there are a lot more that can be evolution. Please think about it and try to explore more, think about the data itself in the digital world, it would be very fascinating.
簡而言之，數(shù)字身份是各種應(yīng)用的基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)，它是一個很大的概念，其中包括了其他各種內(nèi)容。請大家盡情思考和探索這個話題，想一想在數(shù)字世界中數(shù)據(jù)本身的意義，這會是一個非常迷人的命題。
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